采用响应曲面法优化甘草饮片中甘草酸的超声提取工艺

根据Box-B ehnken的中心组合实验设计原理,在单因素试验的基础上,采用三因素三水平的响应曲面分析法,建立了甘草饮片中甘草酸超声提取的二次多项数学模型,并以甘草酸提取率为响应值作响应面和等高线,考察了浸泡时间、超声时间和液固比对甘草酸超声提取的影响。结果表明,甘草酸超声提取的优化工艺条件为:浸泡时间151.3 m in,超声时间48.8 m in,液固比10.2 mL/g;在此工艺条件下,甘草酸提取率为21.06%。     

不同酸度壳聚糖溶液引发对玉米发芽和幼苗生理特性的影响

研究了酸性(pH5.1)和近中性(pH6.4)壳聚糖溶液引发4个玉米种子材料后,对发芽和幼苗生理特性的影响.结果表明,两种酸度壳聚糖溶液引发都能显著提高4个玉米材料的发芽势,缩短平均发芽时间,增加苗高和叶绿素含量;3种玉米新种子引发后的发芽率与对照无显著差异,但超甜3号陈种子处理低于对照.pH5.1壳聚糖引发处理后,苏玉1号和超甜3号幼苗的POD活性显著提高,MDA含量显著降低;超甜3号陈种子POD活性显著降低,MDA含量处理与对照没有显著差异;玉米幼苗的CAT活性与对照无显著差异.表明,壳聚糖可作为一种新的引发剂用于处理玉米种子,同时两种酸度壳聚糖溶液引发处理间无显著差异,均可提高玉米种子的活力.     

Chemically induced sterility in wheat for hybrid seed production

Summary The gametocidal effects of RH-531, RH-532, and RH-2956 were studied with three rates and times of foliar application on two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, Anza and Yecora 70. RH-531 and RH-532 applied at or before booting stage caused rather large reduction in plant height while RH-2956 had a small effect on height. Application of any of the three chemicals on Anza at meiotic stages reduced self-pollination (SP) fertility by 97–99%. If 90% SP fertility reduction is acceptable, the application time could vary from premeiosis to postmeiosis for Anza. Yecora 70 was less sensitive than Anza to gametocide treatments. The lowest SP fertility obtained in Yecora 70 with RH-531, RH-532, and RH-2956 was by treatment at booting (4 kg/ha), at premeiosis (2 kg/ha), and heading (8 kg/ha), and the corresponding SP fertility reductions were 74, 89, and 71%. Pollen stainability-determined by aceto-carmine, IKI, and Alexander's stains-was not affected by gametocide treatment and was not useful in evaluating sterility induced by these chemicals. For the RH-531-treated Anza and Yecora 70 and the RH-532-treated Anza, more than 94% of the seeds produced by open-pollination on treated plants were from self-or sib-pollination as determined by progeny testing. However, RH-532-treated Yecora 70 and RH-2956-treated Anza and Yecora 70 did result in more crossed seeds, with a maximum of 20% outcrossing. It was believed that spike compactness induced by the chemicals and the related poor flower opening were the major limitations for outcrossing. Artificial pollinations made to the test varieties showed that RH-531 induced both male and female sterility and was undesirable for practical use. RH-532, however, could be applied at the booting stage to avoid severe female sterility, and RH-2956 clearly was the best of the three chemicals, with the female fertility very close to those of the untreated checks of both Anza and Yecora 70. Of the three chemicals, RH-2956 gave the highest percentage of hybrid plants in the progeny of hand-or open-pollinated spikes. Its practical use for hybrid seed production, however, will depend largely on improvement of methods to increase cross pollination in wheat.     

Variation in the storage proteins of peas in relation to sulphur amino-acid content

Summary A cellulose acetate electrophoretic technique has been used to characterise the storage proteins present in pea seeds in order to try and determine the proportions of proteins present which are enriched in sulphur amino-acids. Some of the eight varieties examined were shown to differ in their proportions of the various storage proteins. When the proteins were separated and estimated quantitatively and also characterised by their sub-unit composition, it was shown that cellulose acetate electrophoresis of crude protein extracts or of whole globulins did not give the degree of resolution required. The procedures which have to be undertaken in order to obtain this information are considered, and the difficulties of incorporating them into a plant breeding programme discussed.     

水稻两用温敏核不育系孟S的选育与应用

孟S是广西绿田种业有限公司选育的温敏核不育系,具有农艺性状稳定、败育彻底、开花习性好、米质优、可恢复性好、配合力高等特点,于2010年5月通过广西农作物品种审定。孟S制种繁殖技术要点：确定合理的播种期、育性转换敏感期和抽穗扬花期;选择自然隔离条件好、背风向阳、田块连片的山冲田;科学管理水肥,培育高产群体。     

一种土壤微生物总DNA的高效提取方法

获得高浓度、大片段、多样性程度高的土壤微生物总DNA 是研究土壤微生物群落结构的分子生态学基础。本文采用间接法(菌体细胞回收法)提取红壤地区两种土壤类型的土壤微生物总DNA,定量计算其回收率,并与直接法(细胞原位裂解法)比较了提取效率和纯度。结果表明:红壤地区2种土壤每克干土的总DNA提取量,间接法约为0.34和0.53礸/g干土,直接法约为13.62和24.32礸/g干土;间接法的提取效率低于直接法,但所得DNA片段较大,且Sau 3AⅠ 酶切和16 S rDNA通用引物PCR扩增结果显示,间接法比直接法更能有效地去除土壤中的某些抑制剂,所得总DNA的纯度更高,有利于后续操作。     

湿地松种子园无性系间开花结实差异分析

湿地松种子园内无性系间的生长，开花和结实等性状存在着显著差异，无性素水平和单株水平上的性状相关分析结果基本一致，雌花量与结实量，球果长与宽有较密切的相关关系，而无性素的雌花量与雌花量存在负相关关系。     

内窝孔式棉花精量穴播轮的试验

目前,新疆棉花种植广泛采用半精量穴播轮,其原理是勺式取种,存在下种量大、重播率高、下种不均匀、后续工作量大等缺陷,已不适应当前棉花产业发展要求。气吸式精量穴播轮可实现一穴一粒,准确率高,但气吸式棉花穴播机结构复杂、造价高,对机具维护、使用者技能以及整地有较高要求。另外,作业时拖拉机须保持高速运转,能源消耗大,因而限制了气吸式精量穴播轮的普及和推广。为此,将内窝孔取种原理应用于棉花精量取种,介绍了内窝孔式穴播轮的结构和工作过程,并进行了排种试验和分析。由试验得知,内窝孔式取种原理可用于新疆棉花的精量取种。     

两系杂交粳稻两优2887母本直播高产制种技术

两优2887（NC228S/R187）是湖北省农业科学科院粮食作物研究所育成的两系杂交粳稻组合。根据两优2887多年多点制种实践,并结合双亲的主要特征特性,总结了该组合母本直播高产制种技术。     

中国兰花远缘杂交及杂交种子萌发的研究

以兰属，文心兰属，蝴蝶兰属的兰花为材料，对中国兰花远缘杂交及其杂交种子的萌发进行了研究，结果表明：（1）国兰类各种间杂交易成功，结果率为80％以上；（2）墨兰和大花蕙兰杂交，结果率和杂交种子数量胡品种和正反交不同而异；（3）兰属和其他属兰花杂交，结果率较低，且的杂交种子量很少；（40兰花杂交种子萌发形成的中间繁殖全的种类和数量，随杂交组合不同而不同，墨兰和大花蕙兰的杂交种子萌发后形成原球茎，其余组合产生根状茎，通过原球茎和根状茎途径已生产兰共杂种试管苗近万株，并对中国兰花远缘杂交育种和杂种试管苗生产进行了讨论。