三道湾水电站正常溢洪洞及泄洪排

试验表明，三道湾水电站原设计存在以下问题：泄洪排沙洞单独全开运行工况下，其进口上方存在贯通性吸气漏斗漩涡；正常溢洪洞进口侧收缩十分严重，泄流量不足，闸后存在水翅、折冲波等不良流态，下游消能效果不佳；针对实际情况，试验通过在泄洪排沙洞进口增设消涡格栅，在正常溢洪洞进口设置椭圆形导墙、延长闸后收缩段，下游采用扩散挑流消能等措施，很好地解决了上述问题。     

Simulation on the Characteristics of Flow Pattern in Sprial uP-flow Reactor

In order to analyze the reason why the Spiral Up-flow Reactor system has excellent removal effect of COD, N and P, the authors use PHOENICS, a computational fluid dynamics program, to investigate the hydraulic characteristics and flow model of the anaerobic part of Spiral uP-flow reactor. The result shows that the fluid in the reactor unit flowed upward by the spiral way, and that flow pattern was combined by plug flow and complete-mix flow, and that the percentage of plug flow was about sixty-five percent. Spiral Up-flow Reactor units the Characteristics of PFR and CSTR, which makes it work well.     

AN ACCELERATION SEARCH METHOD FOR UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION

In order to improve the convergence rate of the algorithms, an acceleration search method along a straight or curve is proposed,and the specific calculation steps of the algorithms are presented. The numerical results in model parameter estimation show that the convergence rate is improved and the calculation accords with the practical demands.     

Pd Pattern Recognition Based on Linear Discriminant Analysis in GIS

According to the character of PD in GIS, the authors design four kinds of GIS defection models. The GIS gray intensity images are constructed based on mass specimens gathered by the ultra - high frequency and high speeds systems, Aiming at the PD characteristics and its defections, A PCA-FDA method is put forward based on PD images. The principal component analysis is employed to condense the dimension of PD images, then the optimal sets of statistically uncorrelated discriminant vectors are extracted, and the minimum distance classifier is constructed as classifier. The identified results show that this method can effectively elevated the discrimination of the four kinds of defects in GIS PD.     

棉花烂铃空间格局及抽样技术研究

本文通过聚集度指标（如：Ｃ、Ｋ、Ｃ＿Ａ、Ｉ、Ｉ＿δ、）测定，以及Ｉｗａｏ’线性回归、Ｔａｙｌｏｒ’ｓＳ￣２一回归和格局纹理分析，结果表明，棉花烂铃空间格而在一切密度下都呈聚集型，且聚集强度随烂铃密度的升高而增加，其空间格局的基本成分是疏松的个体群，其大小约为２～５株棉花，平均约含２．８４个烂铃个体，且个体群内的个体呈随机分布，经μ检验和方差分析，双对角线５点式、棋盘式和平行跳跃式等３种取样方法均适用于棉花烂铃田间调查，尤以双对角线５点式为佳，用双对角线５点式应样法调查的最适抽样数：一般病情普查至少１０个样方（每样方系５株棉花），系统测报和科研调查为２０～３０个样方。最后给出了棉花烂铃平均密度的零频率简易估计模型。     

微喷灌正方形布置时喷头组合间距的确定

本文根据微喷灌系统全湿润喷洒灌溉的试验数据和生产考核,分析了微喷灌为正方形布置时,在相应的组合间距下,达到的均匀度指标。SWP-J,SWP-2折射式微喷头正方形布置时,建议其组合间距a×b采用0.7～0.8R,DLXD1.5离心式微喷头组合间距a×b=0.8～0.9R(风速在0～3.8m/s范围),此时喷洒均匀系数不低于0.85。     

黑龙江省农业经济增长方式转变的实证分析

在分析农业经济增长理论的基础上，运用算术指数法得到黑龙江省农业的全要素生产率。依据全要素生产率对黑龙江省农业改革以来的增长方式做了定量描述，从实证分析的角度，考察各种要素投入的增长及其对农业经济增长的贡献，衡量改革以来科技进步在黑龙江省农业生产中的状况和作用，进而描述黑龙江省农业经济增长方式的演进过程，为黑龙江省确定今后加快实现农业经济增长方式转变的政策和战略提供参考依据。     

基于BAS-PID控制的精准变量施药系统仿真与试验

精准变量施药技术是精准农业的重要内容之一,为解决当前常用的变量施药方式存在的控制精度低、超调量大等不足,提出将天牛须搜索(Beetle Antennae Search,BAS)算法与常规PID控制结合形成BAS-PID控制算法,用于变量施药系统控制。首先建立施药控制系统机理模型并基于Matlab平台进行软件仿真,仿真试验结果表明,BAS-PID算法的超调量为0.024 1,绝对误差为1.14%,均低于常规PID和模糊PID,控制效果更好。在吉林农业大学试验田进行了田间施药试验,根据试验数据分析,BAS-PID、模糊PID以及常规PID的平均施药误差分别为0.016 L/min、0.020 L/min、0.238 L/min,平均超调量分别为0.006 L/min、0.016 L/min、0.238 L/min。BAS-PID控制算法的施药误差仅在0.01~0.02 L/min内,误差范围小,总体而言,该算法的施药误差和平均超调量都低于模糊PID和常规PID,系统应用效果好。试验结果表明:本文提出的BAS-PID算法提高了PID算法的参数适用性,施药控制精度高,超调量小,改善了变量施药系统的施药效果,可为推动精准变量施药技术的发展提供新的技术方案。