NaCl胁迫对沼泽小叶桦光合特性的影响

为研究沼泽小叶桦的耐盐强度,以其新疆特有种05年生实生苗叶片为试材,测定不同质量浓度NaCl胁迫对其叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明：盐胁迫后,沼泽小叶桦的PSⅡ 最大光能转换效率 (Fv /Fm)、光化学猝灭系数 （qP） 和非循环光合电子传递速率 (ETR) 总体上均随NaCl质量浓度的增大而逐渐减小,与NaCl质量浓度呈负相关;而非光化学猝灭 （NPQ） 随着NaCl质量浓度的增大而增大,且随着胁迫时间的延长呈显著变化。沼泽小叶桦具有较强的耐盐性。     

铈盐引发阔叶浆与GMA接枝共聚的研究

研究了铈盐引发体系引发漂白化学桉木浆与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)的接枝共聚.用接枝率、环氧基含量和环氧基水解率评价了体系pH值、反应温度和时间、引发剂浓度和单体浓度对接枝效果的影响,并用红外光谱对接枝产物进行了分析鉴定.结果表明:控制体系pH值在1.3,适当提高反应温度、延长反应时间、增加引发剂浓度和单体浓度,都能提高接枝率;在适当的条件下,可合成接枝率高碄100%、环氧基含量达1.4～2.7mmol/g的接枝纤维;与此同时接枝纤维也存在一定程度的环氧基开环水解反应.     

呼和浩特市硫酸盐化速率变化规律及防治对策和研究

依据2002年~2006年的监测数据,对呼和浩特市大气硫酸盐化速率的时空变化规律及趋势进行分析,为防治二氧化硫污染制定相应对策提供科学依据。     

盐胁迫对刺槐幼苗叶绿素荧光及叶片解剖结构的影响

为了研究盐胁迫对刺槐幼苗光合作用以及细胞形态结构的影响,探索刺槐耐盐胁迫的生理机制和不同品种之间的差别,为干旱盐碱地区生态树种推广提供技术支撑。本研究采用盆栽实验,以“豫引1号”和“3-I”两个刺槐品种的幼苗为试验材料,对其进行0nmol/L,200nmol/L,400nmol/L三个浓度梯度的NaCl胁迫处理,利用dualPAM-100叶绿素荧光仪研究NaCl胁迫对刺槐幼苗叶绿素荧光特性的影响,同时通过显微电镜观察研究NaCl胁迫对刺槐幼苗叶片解剖结构的影响。结果表明在受到不同浓度NaCl胁迫后,“豫引1号”和“3-I”的差异十分显著,两个品种的F_m值和叶片解剖结构在不同浓度胁迫之间存在显著差异。综合分析,“3-I”受NaCl胁迫影响较大,受害较重,而“豫引1号”具有一定的抗盐能力,在400nmol/L NaCl胁迫下表现出较强的适应性。     

抗盐野生大豆(Glycine soja)颉颃盐逆境根结构演化研究

采用石蜡切片和光学显微技术,对生长在白城郊区和长春市不同生态环境下的001号和010号野生大豆(Glycine soja Seib.et Zucc).,进行同步栽培试验、同步结构比较研究。结果发现,生长在白城郊区的野生大豆根演化出比长春市生长的野生大豆较高级的抗盐结构。盐渍环境下白城郊区的野生大豆001号和010号的根变粗、周皮厚度增大、次生木质部导管孔径大、数量多,木质部管孔链多,长春市的野生大豆根较细,单管孔多。试验结果表明,野生大豆植物在盐碱环境胁迫下,根已经演化出颉颃逆境结构,这些变化证明盐胁迫直接影响了野生大豆植物体根形态结构的形成。     

11个审定苜蓿品种种子萌发期耐盐性评价

为确定苜蓿（Medicago sativa）种子萌发期耐盐性鉴定的质量分数标准,明确不同盐质量分数对苜蓿种子萌发的影响规律,从而科学、准确、快速地鉴定我国苜蓿品种的耐盐性,分析比较了不同NaCl质量分数下的11个苜蓿审定品种的发芽势、发芽率、苗高、根长等指标的差异。结果表明,在NaCl质量分数1.25%时各品种间的发芽势、发芽率、苗高、根长差异均极显著,且品种间各指标差异最大。聚类分析表明,1.25%可作为苜蓿种子萌发期耐盐性鉴定的最佳NaCl质量分数。NaCl质量分数为0.30%时促进苜蓿根的生长,质量分数为1.00%时促进作用消失,1.25%时则抑制苜蓿根的生长。     

Salt (NaCl)‐Induced Modulation in some Key Physio‐Biochemical Attributes in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Salt (NaCl)‐induced regulation of some key physio‐biochemical characteristics in two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cultivars (Nirali and Posa Sawni) was examined under greenhouse conditions. Plants of both cultivars were subjected for 30 days to sand culture salinized with four salt levels [0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl] in Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Salt stress significantly reduced the shoot and root fresh weights, transpiration rate, chlorophyll b content, net CO₂ assimilation (A), transpiration rate (E), while enhanced leaf and root Na⁺ and Cl^– concentrations in both cultivars. In contrast, chlorophyll a content, stomatal conductance (g_s), leaf internal CO₂ (C_i), C_i/C_a ratio, water‐use efficiency (A/E) and fluorescence characteristics such as photochemical quenching (qP), non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), efficiency of PS‐II (F_v/F_m), proline contents, and leaf and root K⁺, Ca^{2 +} and N contents remained almost unaffected in both lines due to salt stress. The efficiency of PSII (F_v/F_m), A, chlorophyll b, root fresh weight and root N were higher in relatively salt tolerant cv. Nirali, whereas leaf Na⁺ and root Cl^– were higher in cv. Posa Sawni. The relatively more reduction in growth in the cv. Posa Sawni was found to be associated with higher accumulation of Na⁺ in its leaves and Cl^– in roots.     

Growth Properties and Ion Distribution in Different Tissues of Bread Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) Differing in Salt Tolerance

Four bread wheat genotypes differing in salt tolerance were selected to evaluate ion distribution and growth responses with increasing salinity. Salinity was applied when the leaf 4 was fully expanded. Sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺) concentrations and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in different tissues including root, leaf‐3 blade, flag leaf sheath and flag leaf blade at three salinity levels (0, 100 and 200 mm NaCl), and also the effects of salinity on growth rate, shoot biomass and grain yield were evaluated. Salt‐tolerant genotypes (Karchia‐65 and Roshan) showed higher growth rate, grain yield and shoot biomass than salt‐sensitive ones (Qods and Shiraz). Growth rate was reduced severely in the first period (1–10 days) after salt commencements. It seems after 20 days, the major effect of salinity on shoot biomass and grain yield was due to the osmotic effect of salt, not due to Na⁺‐specific effects within the plant. Grain yield loss in salt‐tolerant genotypes was due to the decline in grain size, but the grain yield loss in salt‐sensitive ones was due to decline in grain number. Salt‐tolerant genotypes sequestered higher amounts of Na⁺ concentration in root and flag leaf sheath and maintained lower Na⁺ concentration with higher K⁺/Na⁺ ratios in flag leaf blade. This ion partitioning may be contributing to the improved salt tolerance of genotypes.     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

宁夏黄河灌区盐碱地不同苜蓿品种种植试验

为选择更为耐盐的苜蓿Medicago sative品种,在宁夏黄河灌区0～60 cm土层全盐含量为0.47%的盐碱地种植8个苜蓿品种,并进行了试验田土壤盐分含量、参试品种物候期、株高、分枝数、主根长、侧根数、出苗率、保苗率、苗期至翌年返青期不同阶段田间苜蓿株数、鲜草产量、干草产量等测定.结果表明:宁苜1号齐苗率、保苗率、成株期田间株数和鲜、干草产量显著高于其他品种,是更具耐盐碱的苜蓿品种.同时阐明:苜蓿在盐碱地种植后的出苗率和保苗率是衡量品种耐盐碱性的一个重要指标.