中华补血草和德国补血草的耐盐性比较

【目的】比较中华补血草(Limonium sinense Kuntze)和德国补血草（Limonnium tataricum）的耐盐能力。【方法】以中华补血草和德国补血草为试材,设置1.66 （对照CK）,4,6,8,10,12,14 mg/g NaCl胁迫处理,分析不同处理下2种补血草的生长情况及叶片中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和电解质外渗率等指标变化,并比较2种补血草叶片的盐腺分布特征。【结果】在1.66～8 mg/g NaCl胁迫下,2种补血草植株外部形态无明显变化;在10～14 mg/g NaCl胁迫下,随盐胁迫程度的加剧,2种补血草盐害症状加重,且德国补血草比中华补血草盐害程度深,出现盐害症状时间早。在 1.66～10 mg/g NaCl胁迫下,2种补血草叶片中的MDA含量变化小,德国补血草在NaCl含量为12 mg/g时、中华补血草在NaCl含量为14 mg/g时,MDA含量上升;SOD活性均随NaCl含量的增加而先升后降,中华补血草增幅大,而德国补血草降幅大;2种补血草细胞电解质外渗率均随NaCl含量的增加而总体呈上升趋势,德国补血草上升幅度大。中华补血草叶表皮分布的盐腺直径极显著小于德国补血草,分布密度极显著大于德国补血草,盐腺面积所占比例较德国补血草大。【结论】中华补血草能耐NaCl含量为14 mg/g的土壤,德国补血草能耐NaCl含量为12 mg/g的土壤,中华补血草的耐盐性强于德国补血草。     

乳腺特异表达载体缺失片段的鉴定与修复

通过对pBC1中的乳腺特异表达启动子成分进行分析,鉴定了位于β酪蛋白启动子上游两个EcoRⅠ位点(-89~-94和-120~-125)之间的缺失片段,31bp的缺失使得该载体中的一个乳控盒元件(-112~-141)和一个乳腺因子识别序列(-92~-102)遭到破坏,并使得位于TATA框上游的所有启动子成分发生了位置改变。通过与山羊β酪蛋白启动子序列进行比较,设计并合成了缺失片段,经一系列的酶切和连接处理,使得该缺失得到了修复,修复后的载体具有所有乳蛋白表达需要的启动子调控原件。本试验结果为利用修复后的乳腺特异高效表达载体进行乳腺生物反应器的研究奠定了分子生物学基础。     

饮高碘水对肉仔鸡生产性能及组织器官碘含量的影响

试验用艾维茵肉仔鸡１２０只，随机分为４组，分别饮用每千克含碘量为１５ｍｇ，２５ｍｇ，４５ｍｇ和０ｍｇ的饮水，饮用３７ｄ。结果表明：不同的碘水平对肉鸡生产性能、器官发育均未产生不良影响。但高碘饮水组鸡的组织碘含量均显著高于对照组鸡。     

HIGH-RESOLUTION PARATHYROID SONOGRAPHY

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of parathyroid ultrasonography to differentiate causes of hypercalcemia in dogs. We analyzed qualitative and quantitative ultrasound imaging findings and clinical pathology data from 33 dogs that underwent parathyroid ultrasound examination as part of the diagnostic evaluation for hypercalcemia. Diagnoses of the diseases causing hypercalcemia included parathyroid carcinoma (n = S), parathyroid adenoma (n = 15), parathyroid adenomatous hyperplasia (n = 6), chronic renal insufficiency (n = 3), and hypercalcemia of malignancy (n = 4). All parathyroid lesions were round or oval and hypoechoic compared with surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Adenomatous and adenocarcinomatous glands were 4 mm or larger in longest linear measurement on US examination and were statistically significantly larger than hyperplastic glands. (p < 0.001) Linear measurements of parathyroid glands acquired at the time of ultrasound examination correlated well with direct siz determination after surgical excision. (r²= 0.9, p < 0.0001) Parathyroid lesions <4 mm are highly suspicious for parathyroid adenoma or carcinoma, while US lesions <4 mm most likely represent primary adenomatous hyperplasia or secondary parathyroid hyperplasia. Parathyroid size estimation from ultrasound examination is an accurate predictor of true size.     

昌潍白猪内分泌腺的生长发育规律

系统研究了1～8月龄昌潍白猪(192头)内分泌腺的性状指标,并由此得出了其内分泌腺的生长发育规律及其与体重变化的回归方程.结果表明,肾上腺在1～3、5～6月龄生长速度最快(P＜0.01);甲状腺在1～8月龄有2个生长高峰期,即4月龄和6月龄;胸腺的生长高峰期集中于3～4月龄(P＜0.01),颈部胸腺在1～3月龄生长速度显著快于胸部胸腺,胸部胸腺左侧生长发育明显快于右侧;脑垂体在2～6月龄生长速度较快.肾上腺、甲状腺、胸腺、脑垂体随体重变化的回归方程分别是y=0.019 9x+0.801 6(r=0.975 9,P＜0.01);y=0.163 4x+1.286 8(r=0.976 1,P＜0.01);y=1.760 8x+26.995 0(r=0.946 2,P＜0.01);y=0.002 4x+0.062 0(r=0.908 3,P＜0.01).     

The detection of subclinical mastitis in the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) by somatic cell count and California mastitis test

Milk samples (n=160) from 7 clinically healthy bactrian camels were cultured to detect subclinical udder infection. The samples were assessed by the Californian mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). Bacteria were recovered from 36 (22.5%) of the milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the main organisms found.Infected quarters had significantly higher mean values for the SCC (p<0.01) and CMT (p<0.001) than non-infected quarters. All 7 camels were infected with CNS but only 4 with S. aureus. CMT values for S. aureus-infected camels were significantly higher than for those only infected with CNS. The values for SCC and CMT were significantly influenced by the stage of lactation (p<0.05). No significant difference was found from the effect of the quarters. Both SCC and CMT were of value in predicting the infection status of the udder.Abbreviations CMT California mastitis test - SCC somatic cell count - CNS coagulase-negative staphylococci     

枣粘虫性行为时辰节律的研究

本文利用腺体提取、瓶内收集、触角电位和田间试验等方法对枣粘虫产生和释放性信息素时辰节律进行了研究。其中瓶内收集性信息素的方法,在研究昆虫释放性信息素时辰节律方面报道很少,更重要的是,此法在我们的实验中取得了比较满意的效果。研究结果表明:(1)羽化后1—6天的提取物产生的触角电位无明显差异,说明性信息素在此期间的产生与日龄无关(2)腺体中性信息素的含量高峰在凌晨4点,而从体内往体外释放的高峰在早晨7点。(3)利用处女雌蛾不同时辰的诱蛾量的田间试验也进一步证明了枣粘虫产生和释放性信息素与交配行为在时辰节律上的同步性。     

In vitro development of bovine nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with mammary gland epithelial cells at different passages

In the present study, the effect of passage of nuclear donor cells on the in vitro development of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos was investigated using colostrum‐derived mammary gland epithelial (MGE) cells at different passages (3–30 passages) to find reliable passages for the efficiency of cloning. Development of NT embryos to the blastocyst stage was affected by the number of passages of MGE cells (P < 0.05). Nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with MGE cells at 3–7 passages showed a significantly higher blastocyst development (31.3–48.5%) than those with the cells at 10–30 passages (2.5–12.5%, P < 0.05). No difference in the proportion of the MGE cells with normal diploid was observed among passage of 3, 15 and 30 (P > 0.05). The use of MGE cells at early passages for nuclear donor cells may be advantageous for the production of NT embryos.     

The Effects of Salivary Gland Extracts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Boophilus microplus</Emphasis> Ticks on Mitogen-stimulated Bovine Lymphocytes

The effect of salivary gland extract (SGE) from the tick Boophilus microplus was examined in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. SGE was added to lymphocytes of seven cattle together with the mitogens concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Semi-purified B cells from another seven cattle were stimulated with the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PHA and ConA stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes to the same extent, but the inhibition due to SGE of Boophilus microplus on the proliferative response stimulated by PHA (39.0% ± 9.3%) was less than the inhibition of proliferative response stimulated by ConA (75.4% ± 6.9%). In contrast, SGE of B. microplus stimulated the proliferation of B cells in the presence of LPS in a dose-dependent manner. Enhanced stimulation of B cells by SGE at >4 μg in culture was greater than twice that observed when B cells were stimulated by LPS alone. SGE does not have a direct suppressive effect on bovine B cell proliferation; however, in vivo the effectiveness of B cell responses might be influenced by other immune factors, such as cytokine profiles.     

棉酚及色素腺体对棉花抗枯萎病性的作用

本文对低酚棉与有酚棉的抗病和感病品种及其杂交后代进行了研究。结果表明，在种子中棉酚含量及色素腺体密度与品种的抗枯萎病性没有相关性。在幼苗中，低酚棉幼苗棉酚含量均显著高于有酚棉品种，但它们之间的抗枯萎病性也没有显著差异。在低酚棉与有酚棉品种杂交的Ｆ２代群体中，无色素腺体和稀色素腺体类型苗的抗病性明显高于腺体密度较高的类型苗。对７个杂交组合Ｆ２代中有色素腺体和无色素腺体幼苗的抗病性分析表明，无色素腺体类型苗的病指显著低于有色素腺体类型苗的病指。幼苗人工接种枯萎菌后，棉酚含量表现升高，但抗病品种低于感病品种。