高温对黄瓜生殖生长及产量形成的影响

黄瓜不同品系的耐热方式存在多样性。与不耐热品系新泰密刺相比 ,高温下品系EP 6通过较高的雌花节率和较强的单性结果能力耐热 ;品系XC 1通过较多的总生长节位和较高的雄蕊及花粉活力耐热 ;品系NY 1则在上述产量形成的诸因子中均有一定优势。在播种后 10～ 50d内 ,黄瓜遭遇高温的苗龄越小 ,产量下降就越多。高温减少黄瓜雌花的效应具有后作效果。     

EFFECT OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND POLYOLEFIN-COATED UREA ON GROWTH AND NITROGEN UPTAKE OF INDICA RICE

ABSTRACT

Poor water management and high nitrogen (N) losses are the key problems faced by rice farmers under rainfed inland valley systems. There is a need to evaluate different N fertilizers so as to identify one that could withstand these problems. The performance of polyolefin-coated urea (POCU) was therefore compared with conventional urea in a pot experiment with indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR36), using two water management systems: 1) Submerged condition referred to as good water management (GWM), and 2) excessive irrigation (over 4000 mm in 120 days) referred to as poor water management (PWM). The study was carried out during 1997 and 1998 cropping seasons under glasshouse conditions. For PWM in 1997, the pots were subjected to leaching only whereas in 1998, they were subjected to both surface runoff and leaching. For both cropping seasons, POCU-treated plants under PWM had a significantly higher grain yield (377.5 and 343.0 g m^?2) than urea-treated plants (316.5 and 260.5 g m^?2). In addition, POCU-treated plants had a significantly higher number of grains per panicle than urea-treated plants. In 1998, both the partial factor productivity of applied N and the agronomic nitrogen-use efficiency of POCU-treated plants under GWM and PWM were significantly higher than those of urea-treated plants. It can be inferred that (using sandy soils and under PWM), POCU could perform significantly better than conventional urea. This finding is important, considering the usually high nitrogen losses in rice-growing inland valley swamps.     

一种改进的基于混沌吸引子的径流降尺度分析

基于混沌理论，研究水文科学的尺度问题，将混沌分析方法应用于径流的降尺度计算。通过分析大时间尺度的年径流量分解到小时间尺度的月径流量的分解系数的混沌特征量，论证了分解系数具有混沌特性。在此基础上，对分解系数的预测方法提出改进意见并给出具体算法。然后根据预测结果进行月径流量的降尺度计算。实例研究表明，改进的算法用于径流量的降尺度分析具有明显的优点。     

四季蜜龙眼花芽形成相关基因SAM的克隆

以四季蜜龙眼花芽为材料,进行了总RNA的提取与纯化,应用RT-PCR技术扩增其3′端序列,经测序和拼接,获得SAM3′末端,共1 253 bp;序列分析表明,与杨树SAM基因同源性达到96%,为龙眼成花机理的深入研究奠定了基础。     

黄土高原径流林业技术研究

以降水资源环境容量为基础控制林分密度,试验了不同集水技术对林地土壤水环境的改善作用,对林木生长的影响及集水技术的适用性.10年试验研究和大面积示范结果表明,在年降水量410mm左右地区造林,林地坡面经过不同的防渗处理,当每株树具有8m~2的集水面时,可使2m~2的植树带内收集到570～1270mm降水,造林成活率最高达到98%,林木生长量可提高40%～80%.     

The progamic phase and seed formation in Armoracia rusticana

The progamic phase is a period of specific interaction between the male gametophyte and the pistil tissues and is very important for proper seed development in plants. The aims of this study were to investigate the events during the progamic phase in Armoracia rusticana, to examine a plant’s capability of sexual reproduction and to obtain vital seeds under natural conditions. There were very few pollen grains on the stigmas at anthesis stage. The incompatibility reaction between the stigma cells and pollen grains was observed by using fluorescence microscopy. A series of ovary cross‐sections revealed a high accumulation of Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)‐positive globules in all the embryo sacs. About 33% of ovules in the ovary were fertilized, but only 3% of them were able to germinate into seedlings.     

沙漠藻固沙结皮的研究与问题探讨

本文综合分析了沙漠藻结皮研究的现状,并结合自己的研究,探讨了沙漠藻固沙结皮的形成与植被发育的关系、沙漠藻结皮人工接种效果,提出了藻沙粒结皮是沙漠藻结皮的早期形式,探讨了进一步研究沙漠藻固沙结皮的关键技术问题。     

太平湖水库防浪墙裂缝成因及防治措施探讨

本文分析了太平湖水库防浪墙上的裂缝成因，如混凝土干缩、防浪墙基础对墙身的约束作用等，并提出了避免防浪墙开裂的工程措施。     

杜仲叶内杜仲胶的形成积累规律

通过对杜仲叶内杜仲胶形成与积累的动态进行全面系统的研究,探索杜仲叶含胶性状年变化和逐年变化的特点和规律以及不同着生部位叶片含胶率随叶龄变化的规律.结果表明:在一年的不同季节中,叶片含胶率差异很大,春季展叶时,叶片含胶率最低,6月下旬达到最大值,着生在枝条不同部位的叶片虽然展叶时间不同,但是叶片含胶率都是在展叶时最低,在叶龄50~65 d时,含胶率几乎都达到最大值,杜仲叶片含胶率与叶龄的相关性达到了极显著水平;杜仲叶片含胶率随着树龄的增大含胶率总体呈提高的趋势并逐步趋于稳定.     

Changes in carbohydrase activities during vegetative growth and development of fruit-bodies of Hypsizygus marmoreus grown in sawdust-based culture

Carbohydraseproduction of Hypsizygus marmoreus cultured on sawdust rice bran medium by bottle cultivation was investigated to elucidate the carbohydrase utilized as the growth substrate for the fruit-body formation of this fungus. Among the extracellular enzymes assayed, xylanase showed the highest activity. This activity greatly increased during the end of vegetative mycelial growth and fruit-body formation. Among the cellulases. CM-cellulase showed higher activity than avicelase. The activities of -1,3-glucanase, amylase, and chitinase were low. Among the intracellular enzymes, both xylanase and amylase showed higher activity levels than the other carbohydrases. In contrast, -1,3-glucanase, avicelase, and chitinase activities in mycelia were considerably lower. These results suggest that xylanase, CM-cellulase, and amylase play an important role in mycelial maturation and fruit-body growth of H. marmoreus.