橡胶树MSAP反应体系的建立及其对无性系DNA的甲基化分析

采用改良CTAB法提取橡胶树幼嫩叶片的基因组DNA,通过电泳检测酶切与连接、预扩增和选择性扩增等,建立橡胶树MSAP甲基化敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)分析体系,并利用MSAP技术在基因组水平上对橡胶树幼态优势的形成机理进行研究。结果表明:利用该体系可获得扩增位点多、条带清晰、重复性好的图谱(共扩增出740个条带,404个甲基化位点,平均多态性比例为54.6%),并能有效区分基因组DNA甲基化的状态,为开展橡胶树同一品种不同类型种植材料的表观遗传变异研究奠定了基础。     

鲜胶乳生物凝固液的制备工艺研究

以凝固液的pH值及鲜胶乳的凝固效果为考核指标,研究了生物凝固液的制备工艺,第1次培养生物凝固液其清水∶菌种∶糖蜜比例为100∶0.5∶5,对鲜胶乳进行凝固后所得乳清加糖蜜继续培养生物凝固液,其乳清∶糖蜜比例为100∶5。结果表明,采用乳清制备的凝固液比用清水、菌种、糖蜜制备的凝固液其凝固效果更好,胶乳每次生物凝固所得乳清只加糖蜜重复培养生物凝固液,至少可循环利用20次以上。而温度越高,生物凝固液pH值降低越快,当pH值降至4.0以下,即可用以凝固胶乳。     

微波干燥对天然橡胶硫化胶热氧老化性能的影响

研究3种不同干燥方式所得天然橡胶硫化胶的热氧老化性能。采用TG和DTG测定了空气氛围下干燥后样品硫化胶的热氧降解温度,运用Coats-Redfern方程计算N2氛围下样品硫化胶热降解活化能;采用RPA 2000在应变为0.5 deg下进行频率扫描来评估样品耐热老化性能,并测定了样品硫化胶老化前后的力学性能。结果表明,微波干燥天然橡胶的力学性能明显优于热空气干燥和自然干燥,性能变化率和老化系数更大,样品RPA频率扫描tanδ值的增值更大,微波干燥样品的热降解活化能高于热空气干燥9 kJ/mol,与自然干燥样品接近,说明微波干燥天然橡胶硫化胶的热稳定性好,耐热氧老化性能得到显著提高。     

天然生胶杂质含量测量结果不确定度评定

根据GB/T 8086—2008规定的测定方法,分析了测定过程中的随机效应与系统效应,计算这两种效应对测定过程导致的不确定度和,最终对本方法所产生的不确定度给予综合评定。     

我国橡胶苗木质量调查分析与对策

报道近几年我国天然橡胶良种苗木生产基地出圃苗木质量检测结果,针对存在的主要问题,提出相应的解决途径。     

民营胶园植胶状况调查与初步分析——以海南儋州地区植胶农户调查为例

以儋州市那大镇255户胶农为调查对象, 分别调查品种选择、种植规模、栽培管理技术应用、新技术了解及应用、技术需求等。结果表明：目前种植的主要品种是热研7-33-97(56.82%)和RRIM600(17.21%);有88.78%的农户拟在胶园更新时选择热研7-33-97,有66.84%农户在坡地或丘陵地胶园修筑了环山行;有机肥的施用量普遍不足;4.71%的农户能够做到养树割胶,有52.08%的农户按照自身经验进行胶园施肥,有43.75%的农户不懂如何施肥;农户对围洞法抗旱定植、营养诊断施肥、新割胶技术采用     

成龄胶园间作不同姜科作物对土壤养分与土壤酶的影响

研究成龄胶园条件下间作不同姜科作物对胶园土壤养分和土壤酶的影响,为成龄胶园姜科作物间作合理施肥和土壤培肥提供理论依据。以间作3种姜科作物的胶园为处理,以单作胶园土壤为对照,采用土壤常规分析方法分别测定土壤养分和土壤酶。结果表明：间作的3种姜科作物对胶园土壤的全钾、硝态氮含量（除生姜外）、pH（除生姜外）、酸性磷酸酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性（除草豆蔻外）的影响不显著;显著降低了有机质、全磷、速效磷、全氮（除草豆蔻外）含量、土壤脲酶活性;显著增加了铵态氮（除砂仁外）、速效钾及土壤蔗糖酶活性。这些结果说明,间作姜科作物能改善土壤的土壤硝态氮、铵态氮及速效钾含量,短时期内能提高土壤的供氮、供钾能力,但降低了土壤磷含量和土壤磷的供应能力。由此可见,在成龄胶园内进行间作,必须加强间作物施肥,以实现土壤养分收支平衡,维护土壤功能、保护土壤质量。     

Synthesis and Properties of Fumaropimaric Acid Modified RTV Silicone Rubber北大核心CSCD

Fumaropimaric acid modified aminopropyltriethoxysilane(FA) was prepared by derivative reaction with rosin as raw material and the structure of the product was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Fumaropimaric acid modified room temperature vulcanized(RTV)silicone rubber was prepared by the dealcoholization condensation reaction of crosslinking agent(FA) and hydroxyl end-blocked dimethylsiloxane(PDMS). And the effects of hydrogenated phenanthrene ring of rosin on the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of fumaropimaric acid modified RTV silicone rubber were studied, it was found that fumaropimaric acid modified RTV silicone rubber had better the mechanical and thermal properties compared to the unmodified silicone rubber. The tensile strength and elongation at break were 1.22 MPa and 315%; and The 10% mass loss temperature increased to 472 ℃ (SRFA-1), the greatest rate of mass loss temperature increased to 569 ℃, and the residual rate was 3.88%, respectively. © 2018, Editorial Board of «Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products». All right reserved.     

The household economics of rubber intercropping during the immature period in Northeast Thailand

In order to alleviate poverty in Northeast Thailand, the Thai government has promoted rubber farming, which has expanded at the expense of annual crops. Because of a long immature period, planting rubber represents a loss of income for poor farmers in the very first years. This paper analyzed how rubber intercropping during the immature period helps farmers to compensate for this loss of income. Economic performances of the most widespread rubber farming systems were analyzed using information collected from a questionnaire addressed to 35 farmers in Buriram province. A sub-sample of 22 farmers was further interviewed to estimate the contribution of rubber intercropping in the formation of the total annual income during the immature period. The results showed that interest in rubber intercropping has grown, with cassava and rice as the main associated crops. With additional costs of about 14,169 ?/ha/year over monospecific rubber plantations, rubber-cassava intercropping systems generated a gross margin estimated at 11,340 ?/ha/year for a 3-year period. Compared to a monospecific rubber plantation, rubber-cassava intercropping systems reduced management costs by 59% over the 6-year period of rubber immaturity. The cash-income drawn from intercropping ranged from 0 to 26.8% of the household’s total annual income, which can be of considerable importance for low-income farmers.     

玉米收获机聚氨酯橡胶筛筛分性能仿真与试验

为降低玉米贯流式风筛加工成本、加工难度以及提高筛面物料的分散程度,采用新型聚氨酯橡胶筛代替金属筛,试验测得筛面上各颗粒相与聚氨酯橡胶间的静摩擦因数、碰撞恢复系数等物理参数,并推导出聚氨酯橡胶的剪切模量。利用EDEM建立筛板上的各颗粒相模型,通过CFD-DEM耦合方式对聚氨酯橡胶筛上不同区域的颗粒相数量进行数值模拟分析。聚氨酯橡胶筛的仿真结果表明,相同时间聚氨酯橡胶筛上颗粒相的分散度大于金属筛上颗粒相的分散度,证明聚氨酯橡胶筛更有利于物料的分散,进而提高筛面的使用效率。当喂入量为5 kg/s,玉米清选装置入口风速为12 m/s时,清选装置清选损失率为1.93%,达到玉米收获机国家标准和行业标准要求,聚氨酯橡胶筛使籽粒清洁率达到95.3%,相对于金属筛提高了16.33个百分点。