福安市马尾松林分密度效应的研究

运用随机抽样法抽取马尾松成熟林分50个小班,调查胸径、树高、单位蓄积量及密度等测树因子,运用回归分析法进行测树因子相关性分析,结果表明,林分蓄积量对于密度、胸径、树高之间存在显著线性关系,其相关性数学模型可用三元线性回归方程y=b0+b1x1+b2x2+b3x3表示,其中,密度是影响林分蓄积量的主导因素。相关性变化趋势分析表明,在兼顾林分产量和林木径级的情况下,合理保留密度每667 m2为105株。     

不同栽植密度和施肥量对艳椒425产量的影响

以单生朝天椒新品种艳椒425为试材,采用复式裂区试验设计,研究了3种不同栽植密度（主处理）和3种不同施肥量（副处理）对其产量的影响。结果表明,栽植密度和肥料施用量：是影响艳椒425产量的主要因素,其中在中等肥力的土壤中,较低密度（2200株／667m^2）和中等施肥量（50kg／667m^2三元复合肥＋2500kg／667m^2腐熟人畜粪）处理下的艳椒425产量最高,达2084．38kg／667m^2,与其他处理差异达显著或极显著水平。     

密度和磷钾肥配比对棉花盛花期主要害虫和天敌种群的影响

以转Bt基因抗虫棉科棉 1号为试验品种 ,调查了盛花期棉田主要害虫和天敌的种群数量。结果表明 :棉铃虫、棉花卷叶螟和棉叶蝉的百株虫量在低密度条件下较低 ,高密度条件下较高 ;随磷钾肥配比的提高而增加。盲蝽在高密度中配比和低密度高配比条件下发生量较高 ,在高密度低配比和低密度中配比条件下发生量较低。瓢虫和叶蝉的发生基本一致 ,两者具有追随关系 ;寄生蜂和盲蝽的发生也基本一致 ,两者间相关系数达极显著 ,具有明显的追随关系。盛花期棉叶生理活性与主要害虫和天敌种群数量具有密切关系 ,表明棉株营养是影响转Bt基因抗虫棉田害虫和天敌发生的重要因素 ,对棉田害虫进行综合防治必须考虑到棉花的种植密度和肥料运筹。     

山东临沂地区杨树人工林密度及经济效益的研究*

密度在人工林集约栽培中是一个重要问题,一旦确定在林分整个生长过程中都起作用,对采伐年龄和产量影响很大。合理的密度应保证林木群体结构最大限度地利用空间,达到最高产量,同时还应注意到所培育木材的径级的价格。 本研究总结了短轮伐期集约栽培下各种密度杨树人工休的生长规律及产量;探索间伐是     

畦田自然要素时空变异性及其对灌水质量的影响

土壤入渗参数、田面糙率、坡度等自然要素是畦灌方案设计的基础参数,其变异性是导致灌水质量远低于预期的重要原因。为揭示畦田自然要素时空变异特征及其对灌水质量的影响,该研究在11组畦田上开展了4 a畦灌观测试验,通过实测数据全面研究了灌前自然要素的畦内空间变异性、畦间空间变异性和年际时间变异性,并结合WinSRFR地面灌溉模型,模拟分析了自然要素时空变异性对畦灌水流运动过程及灌水质量的影响。结果表明：对畦灌灌水质量影响最大的3个自然要素依次是入渗系数、入渗指数和糙率,三者空间变异系数平均值分别为11.00%、4.05%和7.94%,时间变异系数平均值是分别为26.87%、7.73%和21.86%。畦田自然要素变差导致灌水质量整体下降,自然要素的时间变异性对灌水质量的影响大于其空间变异性的影响。入渗参数和糙率的变异性对畦田后半段的水流消退过程影响较大,忽视其年际时间变异性会加大畦尾积水风险。该研究结果可为畦灌方案设计提供指导,为精细地面灌溉发展提供科学依据。     

Fine earth soil bulk density at 0.2 m depth from Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) soil 2018

Soil Bulk Density (BD) is an extremely important variable because it is an important site characterization parameter, and it is highly relevant for policy development because it is mandatory for calculating soil nutrient stocks. BD can influence soil chemical properties, land-use planning and agronomic management. The 2018 Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) saw the unprecedented collection of BD core analysis in a subset of the locations in Europe and the United Kingdom where soil physical and chemical properties were analysed in the 2009 and the 2015 sampling campaigns. Here, we integrated the LUCAS 2018 BD sampling campaign with the mass fraction of coarse fragments previously determined in LUCAS 2009–2015 in order to provide a dataset of the volume fraction of coarse fragments and the BD of the fine earth and improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stock estimation accuracy for topsoil. BD data sampled at 0–10 and 10–20 cm were averaged to harmonize the BD with the mass fraction of coarse fragments measured in 2009, 2012 and 2015. Samples were from cropland, grassland and woodland soils, which accounted for 41%, 21% and 30%, respectively, of the total number of selected sites (n = 6059); ‘bareland’, and ‘shrubland’ accounted for 3% of the sites each, whereas ‘artificial land’ accounted for <1%. Only six samples were classified as ‘wetland’. The dataset was produced assuming the mass density of the coarse fraction to be constant across all LUCAS soil samples. We also estimated the SOC stocks associated with LUCAS 2018 BD and SOC content measurements and showed that correcting the BD by the coarse mass fraction instead of the coarse volume fraction generates SOC stock underestimation. We found the highest deviations in woodlands and shrublands. We showed that, when SOC stock is computed with coarse mass fraction, the error compared with the computation by volume may vary depending on the SOC and coarse mass fraction. This may imply a SOC stock underestimation for European soils. This dataset fits into the big framework of LUCAS soil properties monitoring and contributes both to soil awareness and soil research and assessments, which are two important objectives of the Soil Strategy and the European Soil Observatory (EUSO).     

Particle arrangement and internal porosity of coarse fragments affect water retention in stony soils

Information about water retention in stony soils lags behind due to methodological difficulties. We applied a new strategy to measure the water retention in soils with coarse fragments (CFs) and to get insights into the effect of CFs porosity on water retention. Water retention at zero, 10, and 150 m suction, bulk density, and the mass fraction of six particle size classes were measured in undisturbed blocks from soils with variable CFs contents, originating from three parent materials. The results showed that some soils contain porous CFs (2–250 mm) with a water holding capacity as high as the fine fraction (<2 mm). The water held in the suction range of 1–150 m in a soil with porous CFs was twice as high as in soils with non-porous CFs. Multilinear regressions revealed that both the water retention capacity at 1 m suction and in the range 1–150 m were more dependent on bulk density than on the fraction of CFs and fine particles. In the soil with porous CFs, there was no correlation between their fraction and soil water retention. These results show that the bulk water retention capacity of soils with CFs is underestimated when not considering the internal porosity of the CFs. A better understanding of the effect of the porosity of CFs on bulk soil porosity and water retention is important to propose suitable pedotransfer functions and refine physically-based hydraulic functions for stony soils.     

贵农玉889不同播期、种植密度及施氮量研究

采用正交设计,选取播期、种植密度及施氮量(N)3个试验因子,对贵农玉889半紧凑型玉米品种进行研究。结果表明4月10日播种、种植密度57 000株/hm2、施氮量375kg/hm2的产量明显高于其它组合。     

马铃薯加工专用品种大西洋适宜密度试验研究

为探讨加工专用马铃薯品种大西洋适宜密度,进行了不同栽培密度田间试验。结果表明：不同密度对商品薯率、淀粉含量影响不明显,对生育期影响不大,对产量及其农艺经济性状均有影响。在张掖市种植的最佳密度为9．09万株／hm2,平均产量达42924kg／hm2,田间种植垄株距为110cm×20cm;适宜密度范围为8．33万-9．09万株／hm2,相应的田间种植垄株距为（120～110cm）×20cm。     

品种、密度及播种期对烟后玉米产量的影响

为探讨普洱烟后玉米获得高产的最佳种植模式,进行了烟后玉米不同品种、不同密度和不同播种期的试验研究,结果表明最佳种植模式为：种植玉米杂交种品种甘优1790,密度60000株／hm2,8月10日前播种。