月季CBF 转录因子基因的克隆及表达分析

 根据CBF（C-repeat binding factor）AP2/EREBP 保守区设计1 对简并引物,采用PCR 方法对月季‘寒锦4 号’（Rosa hybrida‘Hanjin 4’）CBF 转录因子基因中间片段进行克隆;再根据中间片段区域设计了两对特异引物,采用反向PCR 方法对该基因的5'和3'端的序列进行克隆,将中间片段与反向PCR 产物拼接得到CBF 基因全长序列,命名为RhCBF,GenBank 注册编号为EF582843;该基因序列长758 bp,ORF 为603 bp,编码200 个氨基酸;同时,根据基因序列设计1 对特异引物,利用荧光定量PCR分析月季CBF 在不同逆境胁迫下的表达情况。结果显示低温和盐均可以诱导RhCBF 的表达,而干旱处理不能诱导其表达。     

月季皮刺的组织结构与化学组成

 以月季‘伊丽莎白女王’的幼嫩皮刺为试材,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、傅里叶红外光谱分析等技术,研究皮刺的组织结构及化学组成。结果表明：（1）皮刺具有组织层次,表面角质化并被厚蜡质;表皮层细胞较小,呈方形,排列紧密,细胞壁较厚,细胞腔较大;紧靠表皮层内侧的1 ~ 2 层细胞,其形态类似形成层的分生细胞,细胞较小,排列紧密;再向内的5 ~ 7 层细长形细胞,细胞内腔为多孔的柱状结构;皮刺中心部为薄壁细胞组织,其细胞大而圆,细胞壁薄,排列疏松,细胞间隙大。（2）皮刺基部存在着由3 ~ 5 层细胞组成的“似离区”,与叶柄离区相比,其胞间连丝和叶绿体、线粒体及内质网等细胞器丰富且细胞间隙较多;在乙烯诱导下,“似离区”不形成离层,皮刺不脱落。（3）皮刺的化学成分主要是木质素、木栓质、纤维素及半纤维素,皮刺外部组织比内部组织木质素和木栓质含量高,“似离区”下部组织的木质素及木栓质含量较上部组织高。     

月季（Rosa chinensis）丁香酚合成酶基因RcEGS1的克隆及其表达分析

 根据GenBank 发表的丁香酚合成酶（EGS）基因的蛋白保守序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR结合RACE-PCR 技术,从古老月季（Rosa chinensis）品种‘月月粉’盛开期的花瓣中获得了1 个新的丁香酚合成酶基因RcEGS1,GenBank 登录号为JQ522949。该基因全长为1 171 bp,开放阅读框（ORF）951bp,编码317 个氨基酸;蛋白质理论分子量为35.64 kD,等电点为7.36。氨基酸同源性分析表明,RcEGS1与矮牵牛PhIGS1 的氨基酸同源性达到70%,与罗勒ObEGS1 的同源性为59%,与月季RhEGS1 的同源性仅为48.2%。运用实时荧光定量PCR 法分析RcEGS1 在不同组织部位和不同开放时期花瓣中的表达,发现其在叶片和茎段中没有表达,在花瓣和萼片中有表达,在盛开期的花瓣中表达量最高。     

玫红色一串红新品种‘红粉佳人’

 一串红‘红粉佳人’是玫红色一串红植株在内蒙古赤峰市农家连续择优种植,后于北京历经3个世代混合选种选育出的玫红色新品种。株高34 ~ 38 cm,冠幅40 ~ 49 cm,花萼及花冠玫红色。花序长15.5 ~ 19.5 cm;单个花序花朵数平均达50余朵。该品种与原种相比花期与花序数量不受夏季高温影响。不易发生疫病和花叶病,较耐热,在北京地区夏季高温时基本不落叶,不黄叶,能正常开花。     

控释复合肥配施保水剂的盆栽月季节水保肥效果

该文旨在探究肥料配施保水剂对土壤节水保肥能力的影响及其在盆栽月季中的实际应用效果,为其科学施用提供依据。采用土柱模拟和盆栽月季试验,研究普通复合肥与包膜型控释复合肥搭配0、0.25‰和0.5‰土壤质量的保水剂对土壤水、氮、钾淋失率及月季生长生理性状的影响。结果表明:土柱淋溶条件下,与普通复合肥配施等量保水剂处理相比,控释复合肥处理的氮、钾淋失率分别降低了72.4%~75.6%和81.5%~84.2%;普通复合肥两处理间的氮淋失量无差异,但随着保水剂用量的增加,钾淋失量显著减少11.6%~26.3%;月季盆栽试验中,与普通复合肥配施等量保水剂处理相比,控释复合肥配施保水剂的处理使月季初花期提前5~7 d,盛花期延长5~10 d,株高增加12.8%~36.0%,茎粗增加5.4%~15.2%,分别提高了月季叶片的超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶POD活性12.6%~33.0%和14.5%~31.1%。控释复合肥配施0.25‰土壤质量保水剂能显著提高土壤节水、保肥能力和盆栽月季观赏价值,更能满足盆栽月季的生长及生理需求。     

藤本月季多特蒙特组培快繁技术

以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度6-BA、IBA、KT植物生长调节剂,对藤本月季多特蒙特的组培快繁技术进行了研究,同时进行了试管苗移栽基质筛选试验。结果表明,适宜的诱导发芽培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L;增殖培养基以MS+KT 1.0 mg/L+IBA 1.0 mg/L效果最好,以上培养基且使芽生长健壮;适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L,生根率可达92.5%,且根粗壮发达;在移栽试验中,适宜的移栽基质为蛭石+泥炭(1∶1),在每年5、6和9月适宜进行试管苗移栽,其移栽成活率可高达94.5%。     

热带地区食用玫瑰露地栽培技术

根据食用玫瑰的植物学特性和生长习性,在海南热带海洋性气候条件下栽培种植,通过选地、整地、品种筛选、种植要求、田间管理、修剪管理、花期调控、病虫害防治等,总结出一套适应海南热带地区玫瑰花的栽培技术。     

月季RhPR10.2基因克隆及生物学功能分析

为解析月季PR-10家族基因RhPR10.2在月季花瓣衰老中的生物学功能,采用Real-Time PCR、RACE PCR、异源过表达、VIGS(病毒诱导的基因沉默)等生物技术方法,分析了月季RhPR10.2基因在月季不同开放阶段花瓣中的表达谱,克隆了RhPR10.2基因全长,构建了pSuper1300-RhPR10.2异源过表达载体以及pTRV2-RhPR10.2VIGS载体.结果表明,RhPR10.2基因的表达受月季花瓣衰老显著诱导,其开放阅读框为483bp,编码160个氨基酸,含有PR-10家族特有的P-loop基序;蛋白分子式为C796H1250N204O239S2,分子量为17 566.02,等电点(pI)为6.07;RhPR10.2蛋白与葡萄VvPR10.1亲缘关系最近;与拟南芥野生型植株(WT)相比,异源过表达RhR10.2基因的拟南芥T2代纯合子植株表现出显著延迟叶片衰老的表型,伴随着更高的叶绿素含量以及更低的离子渗透率;此外,与TRV2对照相比,沉默RhPR10.2基因的月季花瓣表现出加速衰老的表型,伴随着更高的离子渗透率以及衰老marker基因RhSAG12的表达.     

华南地区冬季温室补光对微型月季扦插及生长发育的影响

【目的】探讨华南地区温室冬季微型月季扦插母株补光对其扦插繁殖和生长发育的影响,为微型 月季的商业化栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以一年生微型月季品种粉佳人为试材,采用完全随机试验,补光处 理的扦插母株于生长期每天 4：00~9：00 和 16：00~20：00 两个时段给予 50 μmol/m2·s 的 LED 红蓝光灯照射 9 h,对照在自然光下生长,观察补光对微型月季扦插品质和生长发育的影响。【结果】补光处理和对照的最长 根长分别为 8.97、8.42 cm,平均根长分别为 7.92、7.64 cm,根系数量分别为 18.5、19.3 条,以上指标两处理 间无显著差异;补光处理微型月季扦插苗的根鲜重、根干重、叶鲜重、叶干重、地上部鲜重和地上部干重分别 比对照增加 26.55%、85.71%、40.68%、50%、38.37% 和 42.86%;株高为 14.37 cm、茎粗为 2.25 mm、叶面积 为 16.74 cm2、节位数 8.07 个,而对照分别为 11.91 cm、1.97 mm、3.49 cm2、6.33 个,二者差异极显著;微型月 季的单花花期约为 28 d,补光处理可显著提高盆花的成花率和产量,降低盲枝的发生率,并提早花期约 10 d。【结 论】华南地区冬季温室微型月季扦插母株补光可提高插穗扦插品质,同时可提高初花的成花率和商品率,并且 提早花期。     

Phenotype Character Analysis and Evaluation of Modern Rose Cultivars

【Objective】The objective of this study was to analyze 11 phenotype indexes of 60 rose cultivars and to illustrate the variation rules and the genetic diversity coefficient of each index and the correlation between them. The principal component analysis was used to select an optimal evaluation and calculation method to provide reference for rational clustering of rose cultivars. 【Method】Taking 11 statistical characters of 60 modern rose cultivars in field as the research object, the variation index and Shannon-wiener genetic diversity index of each character data in rose cultivars were analyzed with SPSS19.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007, and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of each character were carried out. Based on the composite score of principal components and each principal component score, the clustering of the rose cultivars were done.【Result】The statistical results of phenotypic traits showed that, the majority of the tested roses were erect and expanded shrubs, which accounted for 53% and 35% of the total cultivars respectively. The number of leaflets of mature leaves was 5, accounting for 68% of total cultivars. The average whole leaf length, top leaflet width, internode length and average flower diameter of 60 rose cultivars were 11.6, 3.2, 3.6 and 7.6 cm, respectively. The variation coefficient of each quantitative index ranged from 21% to 25%, which was not large. The main color of rose was pure color, accounting for 82% of the total. Among them, purple and yellow flowers were the most. The cultivars with successive flower heads accounted for 65% of the total number, and the flower shapes were mainly ball-shaped and cup-shaped, accounting for 33% and 32% of the total cultivars, respectively. The main senescence modes of rose flowers were petal abscission and flower withering, accounting for 47% and 43% of the total cultivars, respectively. The variation range of the genetic diversity coefficient of each index was between 0.62 and 3.73, among which the diversity index of 8 traits was above 1, the highest was the whole leaf length, and the lowest was the leaflet number. The genetic diversity coefficient of flower color among qualitative traits was the highest. There was an extremely significant positive correlation between whole leaf length and the top leaflet width, the internode length and the whole leaf length, the internode length and the top leaflet width. The flower head number was very significantly negatively correlated with the internode length. There was a significantly positive correlation between the senescence type and the growth habit, the number of flower heads was significantly positive correlated with the number of leaflets and the flower type, but significantly negative correlated with the flower diameter. The results of principal component analysis showed that the 11 phenotype indexes could be simplified into 4 principal component factors, and the variance contribution rate of the 4 principal components was up to 63.28%, among which the variance contribution rate of the first principal component was up to 21.1%. Each principal component factor mainly represented the index variables, such as leaf shape, flower shape, number of flower heads, number of petals and flower aging mode. Based on the composite score of principal components and each principal component score, the 60 cultivars of roses were clustered, and the distribution range of the composite score of principal components of each cultivar was from -1.878 to 1.522. The rose cultivars could be divided into 4 clusters according to the scores, and each cluster was represented by 8, 36, 15 and 1 cultivars, respectively. The classification of each cluster reflected the comprehensive performance of roses in the field. 【Conclusion】Modern rose had a rich diversity of flower color and leaf shape indexes, and some flower shape indexes were significantly related to leaf shape or growth habit. The conclusions would contribute to rose breeding and selecting. The four principal component indexes and the clustering of cultivars selected in the study provided theoretical basis for the preservation and application of the existing rose cultivars.