青海省草地鼠害现状及其治理

概述了青海省草地生态系统在当地经济发展、生态环境以及长江、黄河流域生态环境稳定和居民生活安全中的重要地位。结合当前鼠害防治工作的现状，提出了一些合理的鼠害防治策略和举措。     

阿城区森林鼠害及其治理措施

通过多年的森林调查数据,本文查清了阿城辖区内森林鼠类及其分布,并从营林措施,强化法制意识,合理区划、分类施策,建立完善的监测体系四个方面提出了森林鼠害监测预警及防治措施.     

农田生态系统中的鼠类群落管理

农田生态系统内，鼠害的形成是土地农业利用和开发的“副产品”，农业生产格局、作物布局和各种农业措施等都会对鼠类的生存与发展产生影响。不科学的灭鼠不仅不能控制害鼠，而且还会刺激鼠类数量的增长。制定农田鼠类管理措施，除了需要掌握鼠类本身的发生规律、种群动态等生物生态学特性外，应关注农业生产格局对鼠类群落产生的重大影响，充分发挥农业措施对鼠类群落种群发生发展的作用。同时，还应注意人类的经济建设活动对鼠类群落的影响，必须认识到鼠害治理是一项社会性的工程。     

The Response of Cattle and Sheep to Feed Contaminated with Rodent Faeces

On farms where rats and mice are present, unprotected livestock feed may become contaminated with rodent faeces, thereby creating a possible source of infection for cattle and sheep. Livestock unable to avoid contaminated feed may choose to eat it entirely, reject it completely or attempt to reject faeces selectively while consuming some of the feed. Two experiments were conducted to investigate which of these three responses were demonstrated by livestock. Ten cattle and ten sheep were presented individually with three repeats of ten feed treatments. Treatments were based on two feed types (meal and pelleted compound), with three levels of contamination (none, 'low' and 'high'), from one of two rodent species (rat and mouse).Avoidance behaviour was greater for feed contaminated with rat faeces compared to feed contaminated with mouse faeces. At low levels of rat contamination there was evidence that livestock actively rejected faeces whilst consuming feed. At higher levels of contamination animals rejected faeces and feed. Livestock could not actively discriminate against mouse faeces and thus rejection of feed was used to avoid faeces ingestion.Despite rejection of contaminated feed and some discrimination against faeces, significant numbers of rodent faeces were ingested illustrating that livestock feeding behaviour cannot prevent ingestion of rodent faeces. Feed contaminated with rodent faeces therefore poses a significant risk of disease infection to livestock.     

Effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel on populations of plateau pikas, Ochotona curzoniae, in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

BACKGROUND: Plateau pikas ( Ochotona curzoniae , Hodgson, 1858) are viewed as a pest in the Tibetan Plateau meadow ecosystem when their population densities are high. Traditional culling using rodenticides often poses a high risk to non‐target species and even to humans. In this study, an investigation was made of the infertility effects of quinestrol (E), levonorgestrel (P) and a combination of the two (EP, ratio E:P = 1:2) on plateau pikas during 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: Treatment with E or EP significantly decreased the pregnancy rate of female pikas in 2007. In 2008, there was a cross‐year effect that still suppressed male reproduction in treated groups. Treatment with E obviously reduced the reproduction of pikas but not their population abundance in 2007; the reduction in population size was significant in 2008. CONCLUSIONS: Single baiting of quinestrol in early breeding season reduced the reproduction and population size of pikas throughout 2007. The effect of infertility lasted into the next breeding season through a cross‐year effect, which resulted in a significant reduction of population size in 2008. Quinestrol is a very promising non‐lethal approach to managing pika populations; however, several factors need to be investigated further to improve the practicality of this method. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

环形捕鼠器捕获森林害鼠的防治试验

为评价一种新型捕鼠器—环形捕鼠夹的捕鼠效果,用林区常用捕鼠工具铁板夹做对照,采用夹日法进行捕鼠试验,结果表明:试验地环形捕鼠夹捕鼠率比铁板夹平均高1.73%。环形捕鼠夹体积小、重量轻、携带方便,具有布放简单、灵敏度高、捕鼠效果好、不伤天敌、对操作人员安全等优点,适宜在鼠害防治中大面积推广使用。     

莫索湾绿洲鼠类群落结构研究

采用聚类分析方法,对莫索湾绿洲的鼠类群落进行分析。结果表明,该地区的鼠类可划分为6个群落类型：Ⅰ．以大沙鼠＋子午沙鼠为主的梭梭荒漠鼠类群落;Ⅱ．以红尾沙鼠＋子午沙鼠＋小五趾跳鼠为主的生态防护林鼠类群落;Ⅲ．以柽柳沙鼠＋红尾沙鼠为主的棉花田鼠类群落;Ⅳ．以小林姬鼠＋柽柳沙鼠＋小家鼠为主的草地鼠类群落;Ⅴ．以小家鼠十根田鼠为主的麦田鼠类群落;Ⅵ．以褐家鼠＋灰仓鼠＋小家鼠为主的居民区鼠类群落。6种群落相异程度极大（I≤0．3051）,且由无人干扰的原生梭梭荒漠到干扰强度最大的居民区,呈连续过渡排列。群落多样性指数（H）以群落Ⅵ最高（1．27）,群落Ⅲ最低（0．96）,均匀度指数（E）以居民区和农田类人工景观较高（Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ均大于等于0.6）。     

Competing seed consumers drive the evolution of scatter-hoarding: Why rodents do not put all their seeds in one larder

Competition for food resources amongst animal seed dispersers and pilferers has driven dispersers to increasingly innovative seed-caching methods.We determined cache sizes in the field as well as seed cache recovery ability of a scatter-hoarding mouse, Acomys subspinosus, and compared these results to its seed competitor, the seed predator Rhabdomys pumilio.We found that up to 76% of A. subspinosus caches in the field contained one seed and that A. subspinosus was able to find caches of all sizes equally well under wet and dry soil conditions. In contrast, R. pumilio was able to find caches of all sizes in wet soil conditions but recovery success of small caches (single-seed) was poor in dry soil conditions. This suggests that scatter-hoarding may have evolved in A. subspinosus as an anti-pilfering strategy. This strategy would likely work best in dry conditions, where cache pilferers have difficulty locating small caches.     

Rodent abundance triggered switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system of the subtropical island forest

Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions. According to the non-monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated- and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems.