农田优化灌溉动态管理基本程序与方法研究

从土壤———作物———大气连续体角度出发 ,利用田间试验资料和气象资料 ,分析了影响优化灌溉方案制定的有关因子 ,确定出春小麦、春玉米不同生长阶段土壤水分控制下限标准 ;在土壤水分平衡理论的基础上 ,建立了时域滚动预报灌溉日期的方法 ;并以春小麦、春玉米农田为例进行了检验 ,结果比较理想     

特种优质水稻灌溉技术的试验研究

为了达到节水、改土和增产的目的,通过研究灌溉方式对耗水量、灌溉定额、灌水次数和特种优质水稻生长发育及其产量的影响,水文年型和品种对耗水量的影响,优选出了特种优质水稻最适宜的田间水分控制模式。     

灯泡贯流式水轮发电机定子三维温度场的研究

建立了发电机定子三维温度场计算的数学模型，以水轮发电机的半齿、半槽为计算区域，用有限元方法对5500kW／6471kVA灯泡贯流式发电机定子的温度场进行了求解，得到了发电机定子的温度场、各部件温度最高点及分布。通过求解定子机座和定子轭部的体平均温度，为机组的设计提供参考。     

中国水稻栽植机械的发展

我国水稻生产历史悠久，在世界粮食生产中扮演着非常重要的角色。因此，选择一种适合于我国水稻种植的机械已成为当前及今后水稻生产中的主要问题。为此，阐述了我国水稻栽植机械化所面临的问题；同时，分析了几种水稻栽植技术模式，以对我国水稻栽植机械的发展提供依据和参考。     

进气道布置对两气门柴油机进气门口空气运动的影响

在稳流模拟试验台上，利用研制的柴油机试验缸盖、气门口三维流速测量装置，用热线风速仪测量了不同进气道布置方案下的进气门口三维流场，分析了进气门口三维流场产生的缸内空气动量矩流率，揭示了进气道的布置对柴油机进气门口空气运动影响的变化规律。进气道布置角度的变化对柴油机气门口流场及动量矩流率产生很大影响。各速度的大小和切向速度分布曲线发生较大变化，并随升程的增大而更加明显；对螺旋气道的动量矩流率影响较大，随升程的增加影响增大；对切向气道的动量矩流率影响更为明显，随着升程的增加影响减小。     

对不规则形地块作业的研究

由于有锐角地头存在，作业时机器回转时间过长、作业效率低。通过作业地块的反复田间试验和锐角地头的面积损失分析，研究出两种作业方法。经论证，这两种作业方法为在不规则形地块作业的最佳田间行走方法。     

Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa

Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and “modern” (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having “modern” architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed.     

石津灌区适宜田间灌水技术试验研究

为了研究石津灌区适宜的田间灌水技术，在对石津灌区现有灌水技术调查的基础上，对不同的田间灌水方法进行了田间试验，结果表明，储水灌溉既实现了高产，节水的目的，又适应灌区的运行管理，是今后灌区渠道灌溉地区田间灌水发展的重点技术之一；小畦灌和低压管道输水灌溉，灌水灵活，在井灌或井渠结合地区具有较大的发展潜力。     

垫层浇筑完工后停工时长对坝体温

水利水电混凝土坝工程施工过程中，经常由于基坑开挖、导截流施工、固结灌浆施工及其它不可见因素，导致垫层混凝土浇筑完工后停工数日。针对金安桥碾压混凝土重力坝8号厂房坝段在垫层浇筑完工后停工时长不同的情况下，利用三维有限元分析方法对坝体温度和温度应力进行敏感性分析，结果表明，停工时间越长，对坝体的温控防裂越不利，越容易产生裂缝，从而提出了减少停浇时间甚至不停工，即间歇3d进行施工的建议，而且此方案能缩减工期。     

Effects of alternative water distribution rules on irrigation system performance: a simulation analysis

Based on a simulation model reflecting physical and economic conditions typically found in rice irrigation systems in Asia, the irrigation performance implications of alternative water distribution rules for dry season irrigation are evaluated under varying degrees of water shortage. The rules examined reflect differing water distribution strategies designed either to maximize conveyance efficiency, economic efficiency, or equity; or to achieve a balance between efficiency and equity objectives. Irrigation performance is evaluated using several efficiency measures reflecting the physical, agronomic and economic productivity of water, and one measure of equity. Economic efficiency and equity among farmers within the portion of the irrigation system that is on in any given season are shown to be complementary, and not competing objectives. Economic efficiency and equity among all farmers within the command area of the irrigation system are largely complementary strategies at the lower levels of water shortage, but with increasing shortage, significant tradeoffs develop between these objectives. An operational rule for water distribution under a goal of maximizing economic efficiency is developed, and the data requirements for its implementation are shown to be modest. Under the model's assumed conditions of dry season rice production dependent solely on surface irrigation for water, the distribution strategy designed to maximize conveyance efficiency results in only modestly lower levels of economic efficiency and equity than could be achieved by the strategy designed to maximize economic efficiency.