消落带植物南川柳对干旱胁迫的生理响应

为了探明消落带植物南川柳(Salix rosthornii Seemen)的耐旱特性,为消落带种群构建和植物选择提供理论依据,在盆栽条件下,对南川柳1年生幼苗采用控水方式进行干旱胁迫处理,同时设置对照组进行正常灌溉,并测定叶片相对含水量(RWC)、电解质渗漏(EL)、丙二醛(MDA)等一系列与植物耐旱能力相关的生理指标以及抗氧化性酶活性的变化,系统讨论了南川柳对干旱的生理响应。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下南川柳幼苗叶片具有较强的水分保持能力,并且在复水后有相对较快的恢复能力;10天和20天的干旱胁迫对南川柳叶片电解质渗漏的影响与对照相比差异不显著,随胁迫时间的持续,EL和MDA都显著升高。在干旱胁迫下,南川柳幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性整体呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中CAT对胁迫最为敏感,而POD响应相对较为缓慢;在复水20天后3种酶活性有所恢复,但均未恢复到对照的水平。     

阿魏酸对2种野生杜鹃种子萌发的化感作用

为探究化感物质阿魏酸对马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子萌发的化感作用,本研究采用不同浓度阿魏酸分别处理马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子,利用单因素方差对其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和化感指数进行差异性分析.结果表明:阿魏酸显著抑制马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子的萌发,对2种杜鹃种子的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增加.阿魏酸对马缨杜鹃和露珠杜鹃种子均具有显著的化感作用,化感效应的最强浓度为1 000 μg/mL.     

弹性轴-轴承系统动力学行为研究

以弹性轴的多柔体动力学分析为基础,通过ADAMS与Matlab联合仿真,研究了弹性轴-轴承系统在径向正弦载荷作用下的动力学特性.研究表明,在所研究的频率范围内,弹性轴-轴承系统存在两阶自然频率.其一阶频率与轴承的动力学特性有关,而二阶频率则取决于弹性轴的动力学特性.在二阶频率的正弦载荷作用下,弹性轴-轴承系统的最大油膜压力远大于刚性轴-轴承系统,而其最小油膜厚度则远小于刚性轴-轴承系统.     

Atfad8叶绿体转基因烟草对冷胁迫的生理响应

摘 要：采用5℃低温处理,研究Atfad8叶绿体转基因烟草对冷胁迫的生理响应。结果表明:随着低温胁迫时间的延长,烟草幼苗的丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈增加趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先上升后下降。 Atfad8叶绿体转基因烟草的MDA含量明显低于对照植株,而抗氧化酶活性明显高于对照植株。Atfad8基因的导入提高了烟草幼苗的耐冷害能力。     

天冬氨酸激酶工程菌发酵条件的响应面优化研究

对天冬氨酸激酶工程菌的生长情况及发酵的最佳条件进行了系统研究,探讨了发酵温度、发酵液pH值、摇床转速、接种量等因素对发酵的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,利用中心组合试验和响应面分析法确定了天冬氨酸激酶工程菌发酵的最佳条件为:发酵温度37℃,发酵液pH值7.5,摇床转速180 r/min,接种量2%。天冬氨酸激酶活性达到最大值201 U/mL。     

鸭血中SOD的提取及稳定性研究

为充分利用鸭血资源,以新鲜鸭血为原料,利用响应面分析法对鸭血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的提取工艺进行优化,并初步研究了SOD在不同条件下的稳定性。结果表明,乙醇与氯仿的体积比4∶5,溶血球与沉淀剂的体积比1∶1,静置时间25.5 min,SOD比活为1 000.91 U/mg;在pH值4.0～6.0,50℃温度以下SOD具有良好的稳定性。     

猪中性粒细胞中抗菌肽的提取及体外抗菌活性研究

抗菌肽是生物体内诱导表达具有广谱抗菌活性的小分子多肽。这些多肽是生物体非专一性的免疫应答产物,是生物体内免疫系统的重要成分。目前国内关于猪源抗菌肽的研究,主要针对于猪的小肠中的抗菌肽,而猪血中抗菌肽的提取及抗菌活性研究在国外虽已有少量报道,在国内却未见报道。由于猪血液中白细胞是免疫系统中起主要作用的免疫细胞,而其中性粒细胞约占白细胞总量的70%,从猪血液中性粒细胞中分离提取抗菌肽也就比较合理。因此本实验采用从猪血液中性粒细胞中分离提取小分子多肽,根据小分子多肽抗菌活性特点进而分离鉴定出抗菌多肽。同时,通过优化提取工艺,提高抗菌肽的得率和含量。     

The drought response of landraces of wheat from the northern Negev Desert in Israel

Summary Diverse landraces of wheat, collected from the semi-arid (150 to 250 mm of total annual rainfall) Northern Negev desert in Israel were considered as a potential genetic resource of drought resistance for wheat breeding. These materials were therefore evaluated for their reponses to drought stress in agronomical and physiological terms. Up to 68 landraces, comprising of Triticum durum, T. aestivum, and T. compactum were tested in two field drought environments, in one favourable field environment, under post-anthesis chemical plant desiccation which revealed the capacity for grain filling from mobilized stem reserves, under a controlled drought stress in a rainout shelter and in the growth chamber under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Biomass, grain yield and its components, harvest index, plant phenology, canopy temperatures, kernel weight loss by chemical plant desiccation, growth reduction by PEG-induced drought stress and osmotic adjustment were evaluated in the various experiments.Landraces varied significantly for all parameters of drought response as measured in the different experiments, which was in accordance to their documented large morphological diversity. Variation in grain yield among landraces under an increasing drought stress after tillering was largely affected by spike number per unit area. Kernel weight contributed very little to yield variation among landraces under stress, probably because these tall (average of 131 cm) landraces generally excelled in their capacity to support kernel growth by stem reserve mobilization under stress. Yield under stress was reduced with a longer growth duration of landraces only under early planting but not under late planting. Landraces were generally late flowering but they were still considered well adapted phenologically to their native region where they were always planted late.Landraces differed significantly in canopy temperature under drought stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was negatively correlated across landraces with grain yield (r=0.67^**) and biomass (r=0.64^**) under stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was also positively correlated across landraces (r=0.50^**) with canopy temperature in one stress field environment. Osmotic adjustment in PEG-stressed plants was negatively correlated (r=–0.60^**) with percent growth reduction by PEG-induced water stress. It was not correlated with yield under stress in any of the experiments. In terms of yield under stress, canopy temperatures and stem reserve utilization for grain filling, the most drought resistant landrace was the Juljuli population of T.durum.     

基于响应面和遗传算法的尾座式无人机结构参数优化

设计了一种垂直起降尾座式无人机,利用中心组合试验(Central composite design,CCD)对无人机的翼展长、后掠角、小翼高和小翼厚4个结构参数进行设计,构建了25组样本点。利用ANSYS CFX进行升阻比和阻力数值模拟,通过Design-Expert软件建立无人机结构参数与升阻比、阻力的响应面模型,其中升阻比随着翼展长和小翼高的增加而增大,后掠角和小翼高对升阻比的影响较小,当攻角为4°～8°时,升阻比随小翼厚的增加而减小,当攻角为10°～12°时,升阻比随小翼厚的增加而增大;阻力随着翼展长和小翼厚的增加而增大,随小翼高的增加而减小,随后掠角的增加先增大后减小。以升阻比最大和阻力最小为优化目标,采用多目标遗传算法进行结构参数优化,得到最优结构参数为:翼展长1 123 mm、后掠角34°、小翼高39 mm、小翼厚3 mm,与原始样机相比升阻比提高了12. 4%,阻力降低了5. 3%。采用风洞试验对响应面模型进行了验证,其中升阻比和阻力的数值模拟相对误差小于8. 0%,响应面模型相对误差小于3%,表明响应面模型具有较高的精度和良好的通用性,可用于垂直起降尾座式无人机的优化设计。     

一品红不同品种叶片叶绿素荧光特性比较

 利用叶绿素荧光技术测定了一品红4个品种‘金多利’、‘圣诞天使’、‘索诺拉飞雪’、‘旗帜’叶片光强依赖的叶绿素荧光特性。结果表明: ‘金多利’初始荧光( F_o ) 、最大荧光( F_m ) 和可变荧光( F_v ) 值极显著高于其它3个品种。在各个光强( PAR, 0～2 171μmol·m^{- 2} ·s^{- 1} ) 下, 表观电子传递速率( rETR) 、实际光化学效率(Yield) 和光化学淬灭( q_P ) 的变化趋势一致, 均为‘金多利’ > ‘圣诞天使’ > ‘索诺拉飞雪’ > ‘旗帜’, 在高PAR下这种差异更明显。拟合参数最大潜在相对电子传递速率( rETR_max ) 、半饱和光强( Ik) 和光抑制参数(β) 也同rETR等具有一致变化。说明‘金多利’有较高的PSⅡ活性, 耐强光; 而‘旗帜’则光化学效率较弱, 高光强下易受光抑制。