樟子松天然母树林疏伐强度与种子产量的关系

通过对樟子松天然母树林的４种不同疏伐强度标准地的林木开花结实与气象因子观测，进行了疏伐强度对母树林种子产量影响的研究。结果表明：（１）疏伐可有效的促进母树林的开花结实；（２）疏伐强度与母树林单位面积产种量相关密切；（３）疏伐促进林木结实其主要影响因素是光照，地面温度等气象因子；（４）樟子松天然母树林定株疏伐的最佳密度为１９０株ｈｍ＾２。     

PP_（333）在杏、李树上的喷施效应

本试验以曹杏、香蕉李为试材，采用喷施方式，研究了在萌芽期、新梢生长初期喷布不同浓度的ＰＰ_（３３３）。结果表明：ＰＰ_（３３３）显著地抑制了新梢的加长生长，新梢的粗度也有所增加，提高了叶绿素合量和光合强度。不同处理比较试验显示，杏树喷施最佳浓度为２５０μｇ／ｇ，最佳喷布时间为新梢生长初期。李树最佳喷施浓度为４５０μｇ／ｇ。     

Sorten-Mischungseffekte in Wintergerstenbestanden in Abhängigkeit von Standort und Produktionsintensität

Cultivar mixture effects in winter barley as dependent on location and production intensity
Grain yields of high-yielding six-rowed winter barley cultivar mixtures were compared with those of pure stands under different production intensities in field trials over two years and two locations. Generally, mixing effects tended to be positive with low and negative with high intensities. Significantly negative mixing effects could be observed each year at both locations with highest production intensity. Significantly positive mixing effects could be observed in one year at one location only- Mixing effects could not be explained by the observed levels of diseases and lodging. There were, however, relatively close correlations between mixing effects on grain yields and on grain numbers/m²     

不同放牧强度下奶牛对多年生黑麦草/白三叶草地土壤特性的影响

本文作者在湖南南山牧场通过放牧试验研究了不同放牧强度下奶牛对多年生黑麦草／白三叶人工草地土壤物理和化学特性的影响。结果表明：放牧强度直接影响着多年生黑麦草／白三叶人工草地土壤的物理结构。随放牧强度增加，奶牛对草地土壤的践踏加剧，导致土壤紧实度增加，容重上升，通气性变差，含水量下降。放牧强度对土壤物理特性的影响随土层深度增加而减轻。土壤中全磷、速效磷、碱解氮和有机质随放牧强度的增加而减少，而全氮、速效钾则随放牧强度的增加而增加。土壤中各养分含量随季节变化波动很大。     

Post-wounding changes in the oxygen consumption by slices from tubers of several potato cultivars

Summary Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars differed markedly in their susceptibility to autolysis during the post-wounding period. Slices from cultivars susceptible to autolysis showed higher respiration rates than those sampled from resistant cultivars. The higher oxygen consumption of these cultivars was inhibited by imidazole. Application of the respiration inhibitors, KCN and SHAM, to the slices showed that the capacity of the alternative electron transport pathway was relatively high during the post-wounding period in fresh slices of cultivars resistant to autolysis. The capacity of that pathway was near zero in the susceptible tissues. Aging promoted the development of KCN-resistant respiration in both types of cultivars.     

海晏牧场草地畜牧业最适载畜量的研究

根据青海省海晏牧场的草地资源，畜牧业生产特点，对草地畜牧业最适载畜量进行了研究。结果表明，不同放牧强度对夏秋草地和冬春草地地上生物量均有不同程度的影响，试验组与对照组对比，Ａ、Ｂ两组生物量分别下降了２５．６６％，２０．５１％，而Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ组分别提高了２６．３９％，２９．４４％，３３．８４％，同时，放牧强度影响草地植被成分和牧草干物质的消化率，由此得出，在不影响草地和家畜生产的前提下，海晏牧场夏秋草     

Perception of light intensity by Haliotis discus discus based on locomotor activity patterns

ABSTRACT:   An apparatus to measure the locomotor activity of aquatic benthic organisms at variable low light levels was developed and the diurnal behavioral pattern of the abalone Haliotis discus discus was measured at various low light intensities. During the experiment, abalone were exposed to 12 h light–dark cycles of complete darkness, 0 µmol/m²/s throughout the 12 h dark cycle and, during periods I (days 1–8) and III (days 19–26), the 12 h light cycles were set at 10 µmol/m²/s. During period II (days 10–17), abalone were exposed to a light level during the 12 h light cycles of 1 × 10⁻⁵, 1 × 10⁻⁶, 1 × 10⁻⁷ or 1 × 10⁻⁸ µmol/m²/s and the changes in locomotor activity assessed. At daytime levels of 1 × 10⁻⁵ µmol/m²/s, typical behavioral patterns were observed of high locomotory activity during the night-time cycle. However, at lower light intensities, the distinction between day and night activity patterns became less clear and, at intensities lower than 1 × 10⁻⁷ µmol/m²/s, the difference between activity during the light and dark cycles became negligible. Based on this, we conclude that the threshold of light level perception in relation to locomotor activity is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁷ µmol/m²/s. The significance of these results in relation to the entrainment of behavior in abalone is discussed.     

静电场中刨花定向运动的研究

本文在刨花静电定向试验的基础上,研究了静电场中刨花极化和定向机理,探索了刨花定向角与电场强度、刨花含水率,刨花形态及极板间距等因素间的相互关系。研究结果表明:一定量的自由离子的存在及其在静电场作用下极化是刨花极化和定向的主要因素;电场强度和刨花含水率对刨花定向程度有显著影响,随着电场强度的增加,平均定向角减小。当电场强度为4KV/cm时,最佳定向角约为19°。     

几种重金属离子对Pistia stratiotes叶绿素含量及光合活性的影响(英文)

对在pH6.5时含不同浓度锰、锌、铁和铅的培养液中,预处理3天的Pistia stratiotes 叶片,进行了O_2的吸收与释放及其叶绿素a,b含量的测定。结果表明:4种金属离子抑制O_2的释放而促进叶片对O_2的吸收。锌预处理可以提高叶绿素a,b的含量,而铅使叶绿素含量减少。用铁和锰处理时,可使叶绿素a积累而叶绿素b减少。上述结果意味着金属离子防碍叶绿素的形成及光合电子的转移。     

Biochemical and physiological parameters and estimated work output in draught horses pulling loads for long periods

A study was undertaken in five draught horses of 648±33 kg body weight to find the effects of continuously pulling loads on their cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic responses. A cart equipped with an odometer, for measuring distance, and a hydraulic dynamometer, for measuring draught force, was used. Heart and respiration rates and rectal temperatures were recorded. Blood samples for measuring arterial and venous pH and blood gases, haemoglobin, glucose and lactic acid concentrations and the serum activity of the enzymes creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were taken before exercise and immediately after each journey (morning and afternoon) of the daily work.Draught exercise, with loads which generated forces of between 0.57 and 0.59 kN, at speeds of 1.60 to 2.11 m/s, for 8 h daily for five consecutive days, with resting intervals of 10 min each hour, was well tolerated. Exercise tolerance was evaluated from the recovery from the changes observed in the biochemical and physiological parameters induced by the work. The analysis of these showed that, when the horses were subjected to prolonged periods of resting, their loss of fitness for work was shown by significant increases in the serum activity of muscle-derived enzymes and in blood lactate concentrations during the first day of work. However, over the following days the horses adapted to the work, so that the decreases in serum enzyme activities and blood lactate concentrations were reduced. Since similar observations have been described for racehorses, the determination of blood lactate concentrations and the serum activities of muscle-derived enzymes, specifically CK, seem to be good indicators of fitness in draught horses.