Effects of addition of a bird repellent to fish diets on their growth and bioaccumulation

The effects of adding the nonlethal bird repellent methyl anthranilate (MA), at levels of 100 and 1000 mg kg^?1, to fish feed on the bioaccumulation and growth of juvenile (10 g) hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis) and juvenile (1 g) African cichlid fish Aulonocara jacobfreibergi were investigated under laboratory conditions. The bird repellent did not have any effect on the fish growth or survival over a period of 6 weeks. MA residues at low levels of 11.2±2.6 μg g^?1 were found in lipophilic tissues (liver) of MA‐fed fish. Control fish, which had no MA added to their diet, had a much lower level of 0.6±0.3 μg g^?1 MA in their liver. Fish muscle was found to contain negligible MA residues, while the outer body surface mucus did not contain any MA. Following a 6‐week depuration period, during which the previously MA‐fed hybrid striped bass were fed a feed to which no MA was added, the levels of MA residues detected were reduced by one order of magnitude.     

玉米赤霉烯酮的生殖毒性研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮是一种特殊毒性的生物毒素,它的强雌激素样作用对动物机体的伤害很大,不仅引起动物流产、死胎、低产仔率等生殖机能异常,还可以导致繁殖功能下降、不育、畸形等.已有研究表明,ZEA对肝脏、肾脏、生殖系统和免疫系统产生明显的损伤,对细胞和遗传性也有毒性作用.目前,虽然国内外学者做了大量的研究,来揭示玉米赤霉烯酮损害机体生殖功能的机制,但关于它影响机体的生殖性能更详尽的机制还亟待进一步的研究.文章主要针对玉米赤霉烯酮的生殖毒性进行了综述,总结出ZEA对生殖系统的毒性机制,从而为临床预防及治疗繁殖疾病提供理论依据.     

Marine Low Molecular Weight Natural Products as Potential Cancer Preventive Compounds

Due to taxonomic positions and special living environments, marine organisms produce secondary metabolites that possess unique structures and biological activities. This review is devoted to recently isolated and/or earlier described marine compounds with potential or established cancer preventive activities, their biological sources, molecular mechanisms of their action, and their associations with human health and nutrition. The review covers literature published in 2003–2013 years and focuses on findings of the last 2 years.     

神农香菊化学成分及药理作用研究进展

介绍了神农香菊主要化学成分的研究成果,比较了花、茎、全草和叶等不同组织中主要活性成分的异同,并综述了其抑菌能力、抗氧化能力以及药用价值的最新研究进展。     

植物病原效应蛋白功能研究方法

植株病原会分泌一些与植物相互作用的效应蛋白,这些蛋白在病原菌与寄主植物互作过程中起着重要作用。结合几种细菌、真菌分泌的效应蛋白研究进展,介绍了用于病原菌效应蛋白研究的试验方法及其独特之处,包括图位克隆、异源表达分析等,提出研究一个单一效应蛋白需要多种分析方法。     

把握《纲要》特点 确保食物安全

国务院办公厅新发布的《中国食物与营养发展纲要(2014—2020年)》,是一个具有民本性、科学性、宏观性、创新性和食安性的纲领性文件。在新形势下,要全面把握新《纲要》的"五性"特点,确保中国食物安全,推动食物与营养健康发展。     

枯草芽孢杆菌CN620菌株制剂对板栗烂果病的防治及病原的抑制作用初报

从板栗树体上分离得到枯草芽孢杆菌 [Bacillussubtilis(Ehrenberg)Cohn]CN62 0菌株。室内测定其菌株制剂对Glomerellasp .、Alternariaalternata、Trichotheciumroseum、Pestalotiasp .和Fusariumsp .5种板栗烂果病主要病原的抑制作用均为 1 0 0 % ,而CN62 0菌株 50倍培养液 ,对上述 5种病菌的抑制效果为 86.5%～ 96.6%。其抑菌机理主要是使病菌孢子和菌丝畸变 ,细胞壁溶解 ,原生质泄漏。 1 997年和 1 998年连续两年两点对板栗烂果病进行小区防治试验的防治效果分别为 87.7%和 87.6% ,明显高于化学农药处理的 30 .4 %和 31 .7%的效果     

基于师范类高校学生阅读行为调查的思考——以天津师大和上海师大为例

从调查上海师大与天津师大本科学生阅读动机出发,分析师范类高校学生阅读需求的价值取向以及阅读需求的特点,并探讨由此引发的师范类高校图书馆馆藏建设的困惑,即如何合理分配专业文献和文化素养类文献在馆藏结构中的比例。     

吐温-80对紫露草微核的诱变检测

利用紫露草微核技术，对吐温-80（Tween-80）进行了诱变检测，结果表明，当吐温-80浓度达5％及以上时．对植物细胞才有明显的资变效应。在5％以下时，微核率与阳性对照之间无显著意义。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.