GIS-based assessment of non-equilibrium pattern between groundwater recharge and irrigation draft in a semi-arid region of Rajasthan,India

Over-exploitation of groundwater for irrigation can result in drastic reduction in groundwater level in Jodhpur district of western Rajasthan, India. In this study, we used the long-term trend analysis of seasonal groundwater level data to predict the future groundwater scenario in 33 villages of Jodhpur district, assessed the impact of water harvesting structures on groundwater recharge and explored the non-equilibrium between groundwater recharge and irrigation draft in the study area. Analysis of groundwater level data from 26 observation wells in 33 villages in the pre-monsoon period showed that groundwater level decreased continuously at the rate of 2.07 m/a. With this declining rate, most of the tube wells(including the well with the maximum depth of 193 m) are predicted to become completely dry by 2050. Behavior of temporal groundwater level data in the study period(from 2004 to 2012) can be explained by different geospatial maps, prepared using Arc GIS software. Statistical analysis of the interpolated maps showed that the area with the maximum positive groundwater recharge occupied 63.14% of the total area during 2010–2011 and the area with the maximum irrigation draft accounted for 56.21% of the total area during 2011–2012. Higher groundwater recharge is attributed to the increase in rainfall and the better aquifer condition. Spatial distribution for the changes of average groundwater recharge and draft(2008–2009 and 2011–2012) showed that 68.50% recharge area was in positive change and 45.75% draft area was in negative change. It was observed that the area of the irrigation draft exceeded that of the groundwater recharge in most of the years. In spite of the construction of several shallow water harvesting structures in 2009–2010, sandstone aquifer zones showed meager impact on groundwater recharge. The best-fit line for the deviation between average groundwater fluctuation due to recharge and irrigation draft with time can be represented by the polynomial curve. Thus, over-exploitation of groundwater for agricultural crops has result in non-equilibrium between groundwater recharge and irrigation draft.     

Scintigraphic evaluation of intra-arterial and intravenous regional limb perfusion of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the normal equine distal limb using (99m) Tc-HMPAO

Reasons for performing study: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are commonly injected intralesionally for treatment of soft tissue injuries in the horse. Alternative routes of administration would be beneficial for treatment of lesions that cannot be accessed directly or to limit needle‐induced iatrogenic damage to the surrounding tissue. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to evaluate MSC distribution after intra‐arterial (IA) and intravenous (IV) regional limb perfusions (RLP) using scintigraphy. We hypothesised that MSCs would persist in the distal limb after tourniquet removal and that both techniques would lead to diffuse MSC distribution. Methods: Six horses were used in the study. MSCs were labelled with hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO) and technetium‐99m. RLP was performed through the median artery of one forelimb and the cephalic vein of the opposite limb under general anaesthesia. The tourniquet was left in place for 45 min. Scintigraphic images were obtained at 0, 45, 75 min, 6 h and 24 h post injection. Results: Distribution of labelled MSCs through the entire distal limb was achieved with all 6 IA RLP, but 3 out of 6 IV RLP showed poor or absent uptake distal to the metacarpus. Mesenchymal stem cell persistence was 39% (30–60%) and 28% (14–50%) (median [minimum–maximum]) at 6 h for IA and IV RLP, respectively. Severe arterial thrombosis occurred in one horse after IA RLP. Conclusions: Both IA and IV RLP of the distal limb result in MSC persistence in perfused tissues. The IA perfusion resulted in more reliable cell distribution to the pastern and foot area. Potential relevance: Regional limb perfusion of MSCs might be used in cases where intralesional injection is not possible or in order to avoid iatrogenic needle damage. Further work is needed to assess the safety of IA RLP before its clinical use.     

浙江东阳木雕和黑龙江木雕特色比较研究

从木雕的艺术形式、地域差异、文化风俗和民族传统等方面对东阳木雕和黑龙江木雕进行比较,研究东阳木雕和黑龙江地域特色木雕的风格特色及其成因,学习借鉴东阳木雕的成功经验,思考龙江木雕艺术的继承与发展。     

西双版纳热带花卉园植物专类园—鸡蛋花园景观设计

分析热带花卉园景区植物专类园现状,探讨鸡蛋花专类园的规划设计,引入"民族森林文化"主题,提出鸡蛋花"主题园"的新思路。     

干旱内陆河流域土地利用程度差异分析——以张掖市甘州区为例

干旱内陆河流域土地自然环境恶劣、生态环境脆弱,人类活动所造成的危害较大。研究干旱内陆河流域土地利用程度及其区域差异,可为土地利用合理开发及土地利用规划提出理论依据。采用G IS技术和土地利用综合分析方法,以甘州区为研究对象,运用土地利用程度综合指数模型、土地利用程度变化模型和土地利用变化区域差异模型对土地利用程度及区域差异进行分析研究。结果表明:2005年全区土地利用程度指数平均为255.25,土地利用程度整体处于一个中等偏上水平,但是各乡镇的土地利用程度参差不齐,土地资源有待进一步开发利用;土地利用处于发展时期,甘州区大部分乡镇土地利用程度变化量和土地利用程度变化率大于零,土地利用变化差异较大;土地利用程度依地形地貌特征差异分布,土地利用程度高的区域集中于中部平原,而南北两侧山地区域的土地利用程度较低。     

Effect of intraperitoneal or incisional bupivacaine on pain and the analgesic requirement after ovariohysterectomy in dogs

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) or incisional (INC) bupivacaine on pain and the analgesic requirement after ovariohysterectomy in dogs.Study designProspective, randomized clinical study.AnimalsThirty female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE).MethodsDogs admitted for elective OHE were anesthetized with acepromazine, butorphanol, thiopental and halothane. Animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 10 per group). The treatments consisted of preincisional infiltration with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) or bupivacaine with epinephrine and/or IP administration of the same solutions, as follows: INC and IP 0.9% NaCl (control group); INC 0.9% NaCl and IP bupivacaine (5 mg kg^?1, IP group); INC bupivacaine (1 mg kg^?1) and IP 0.9% NaCl (INC group). Postoperative pain was evaluated by a blinded observer for 24 hours after extubation by means of a visual analog scale (VAS) and a numeric rating scale (NRS). Rescue analgesia (morphine, 0.5 mg kg^?1, IM) was administered if the VAS was >5/10 or the NRS >10/29.ResultsAt 1 hour after anesthesia, VAS pain scores were [medians (interquartile range)]: 6.4 (3.1–7.9), 0.3 (0.0–2.6) and 0.0 (0.0–7.0) in control, IP and INC groups, respectively. VAS pain scores were lower in the IP compared to the control group. Over the first 24 hours, rescue analgesia was administered to 7/10, 5/10 and 3/10 dogs of the control, INC and IP groups, respectively. Total number of dogs given rescue analgesia over the first 24 hours did not differ significantly among groups.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntraperitoneal bupivacaine resulted in lower pain scores during the first hour of the postoperative period and there was a trend towards a decreased need for rescue analgesia after OHE in dogs.     

云南省第十轮甘蔗品种区试结果评价

通过对14个甘蔗材料9个参试点两年新植一年宿根试验结果的收集整理,分析结果表明,参试品种中,表现为高产的品种材料有：德蔗03-83、云蔗03-103、云蔗02-2332等;表现为高糖的品种材料有：云蔗02-588、德蔗03-68、云蔗99-91、云蔗03-422等;单位面积含糖量较好的参试品种有：德蔗03-83、云蔗03-103、云蔗02-588、云蔗02-2332等。多年多点试验为甘蔗品种的推广应用提供了科学依据。     

洋麻在甘肃引种区域性试验研究

洋麻Hibiscus cannabinus是近2年从美国引入甘肃的新型牧草,同时也是一种新型的工业原料,先后在甘肃省11个县(市)试种成功.对其生物学特性、栽培技术进行了广泛的区域性试验研究,同时对洋麻各生育期的营养价值及利用方向进行了有益的探索,结果表明其各种性状表现良好,在甘肃河西地区气候条件下具有较强的适应性.     

菊苣在贵州的区域性试验

2001-2003年以3个菊苣Cichorium intybus品种在罗甸、独山、大方等地区进行区域性试验.试验结果表明:品种间及试验区域间的产草量、再生性及种子产量呈极显著差异(P＜0.01),品种以普那菊苣表现最好,欧洲菊苣次之、美国菊苣最差,区域表现以罗甸最好,独山居中,大方较差.物候期测定表明,参试品种在各试点均能正常开花结实,适应性较强,可作为贵州不同生境条件下推广的优良饲草.