Cross‐sectional observational survey of serum biochemistry values in a population of 69 adult female alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in South Australia

Blood samples were collected from 69 ‘healthy’ female alpacas aged ≥12 months from 11 properties in South Australia. The 10–90 percentile ranges of the 16/19 analytes measured in this sample population were within the published ranges of four healthy alpaca populations from other geographic locations. Marginal exceptions were glutamate dehydrogenase and bicarbonate. Potassium was notably elevated, probably because of haemolysis of some samples. The sample size was insufficient to provide the appropriate statistical power to define diagnostic references ranges according to international standards. The health status of the sample population of alpacas was presumptive based on a physical examination.     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒低风险参照物质的研制

采用RT-PCR方法扩增黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒的外壳蛋白基因与3,非编码区,并将其构建到马铃薯X病毒(PVX)载体中.重组质粒经线性化及体外转录后接种烟草,获得含有病毒外壳蛋白基因的感病植株.感病组织可用于分子检测的质控,也可作为毒源来繁殖阳性参照物质.基于PVX载体制备的参照物质可降低检疫性病毒的生物安全风险,尤其对稳定性强、可造成严重经济损失的高风险病毒的检疫更具实用价值.     

Effects of variety, cropping year, location and fertilizer application on nutritive value of durum wheat straw

This study was carried out to assess the effects of variety, year, location and level of fertilizer application on chemical composition and in sacco dry matter (DM) degradability of durum wheat straw as well as to understand the relationship between straw quality and agronomic traits of the crop and to assess the possibilities of selecting wheat varieties that combine high grain yield with desirable straw quality. Two local (Arendeto and Tikur sinde) and two improved (Boohai and Gerardo) varieties of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum Desf.) were used in the experiment. The four varieties were grown at two locations (Akaki and Ejere) in the years 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 in 5 x 5 m plots in three replications. Diammonium phosphate and urea fertilizers were applied at four levels (0/0, 32/23, 41/23 and 64/46 kg/ha of nitrogen/phosphorus). Straw quality was assessed based on chemical composition and in sacco DM degradability. Correlation of straw quality with grain and straw yield and with other agronomic characteristics of the crop was determined. The potential utility index (a measure that integrates grain and digestible straw yield) was used for ranking of the varieties. The local varieties had higher crude protein (CP) and lower neutral detergent fibre contents and higher digestibility than the improved varieties. The cropping year and location had significant effect on CP content and degradability of the straw, which could be due to climatic variation. However, the fertilizer level did not have any significant effect on straw quality except that the CP content of the straw tended to increase with increasing level of fertilizer application. Based on the potential utility index the varieties ranked, in a decreasing order, as Tikur sinde > Arendeto > Gerardo > Boohai and the ranking was consistent across years and locations. Except the CP content, straw quality was not negatively correlated with grain and straw yield. This indicates that there is a possibility of selecting varieties of wheat that combine high grain and straw yield with desirable straw quality.     

Plasma biochemical reference values in clinically healthy captive bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and the effects of sex and season

Background: Bearded dragons are one of the most popular pet lizard species, and biochemical reference values are useful for health management of these reptiles. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure plasma biochemical values in healthy captive bearded dragons, determine reference values, and evaluate the effects of sex and season on the results. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 100 captive healthy bearded dragons in Tokyo during the summer and winter. Plasma biochemical measurements were performed using a dry‐slide automated biochemical analyzer. The data were then compared based on sex and season using 2‐way ANOVA. Results: Globulin, cholesterol, and calcium concentrations of females were higher in both summer and winter compared with the values obtained for males. Both males and females had higher uric acid concentrations in winter than in summer. When compared with males, females had a higher chloride concentration in summer and a higher total protein concentration and aspartate aminotransferase activity in winter. Potassium concentration in males was lower in winter than in summer, whereas in females cholesterol concentration was lower in winter than in summer. Conclusions: Biochemical values that differed based on sex and season in bearded dragons were similar to those in other lizards. These differences reflect physiologic differences in reproductive status in females and seasonal changes in temperature and hydration status. Plasma biochemical values established for bearded dragons in this study will be useful in the diagnostic assessment of captive animals.     

葡萄利用结果枝副梢二次结果栽培试验

摘要：在桂林葡萄产区开展利用结果枝副梢促花二次结果的栽培试验,总结在新梢生长期喷多效唑（或矮壮素）、对新梢重度修剪促进冬芽提早萌发是整齐促放葡萄二茬果的关键技术,观测了二茬果果品品质和效益,提出了生产二茬果注意的技术问题。     

轴流泵装置模型断电飞逸过程三维湍流数值模拟

针对轴流泵装置模型断电飞逸过程特点,对应叶轮区所采用的冻结叶轮的变速旋转坐标系方法与基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法（ALE）的变速滑移网格法,构建基于三维非定常RANS方程与Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型的数值模拟方法,采用有限体积法对控制方程组进行离散,时间项采用一阶向后差分隐式格式,方程组中扩散项采用二阶中心差分格式,对流项采用二阶迎风格式,应用SIMPLEC方法进行速度压力耦合求解,采用初始工况的定常计算结果作为非定常计算的初始流场.经过轴流泵装置模型断电飞逸过程的数值模拟,获得了机组到达最大转速时所需时间为20.35 s,以及两种数值方法所得最大飞逸转速分别为1 610,1 989 r/min,装置模型稳态飞逸试验转速1 720 r/min,介于两者之间,同时揭示了机组转速、流量、转矩与测点压力等参数随时间变化规律与装置模型流道子午截面流速场、叶轮叶片压力场的瞬变过程,从而为机组结构优化设计和运行管理提供科学的参考依据.     

半干旱区农田杂草的生活史对策研究

2008-2009年通过利用当地常见的10种杂草种植于不同处理的农田,研究半干早区农田杂草群落结构以及10种杂草群落组分种对环境因子的响应,结果表明,1)同一物种在不同的气候环境下,可以表现出不同的生活史策略.蝇虫实、田旋花和金荞麦2008年生活史策略分别具有竟争型(C)对策属性、胁迫忍耐型(S)对策属性和中间型(C-...     

不同草种草坪蒸散量及各草种抗旱性的研究

对草地早熟禾（午夜）、高羊茅（交战2号）、多年生黑麦草（百客来）、狗牙根（普通型）及结缕草（青岛结缕草）等5种常见草坪草草坪的蒸散量及各草种的抗旱性进行了对比试验研究，发现在土壤水分充足时，冷地型草草坪的蒸散量显著比暖地型草草坪的高（P＜0.01）；3种冷地型草草坪间的差异较小；狗牙根草坪的蒸散量显著比结缕草草坪的高（P＜0.01）。在水分胁迫条件下，暖地型草的抗干旱胁迫能力明显比3种冷地型草坪草的高。黑麦草与高羊茅的耗水量大，土壤含水量变幅大，土壤水吸力值高，叶片相对含水量及水热下降快，萎蔫早，保水性比草地早熟禾的差；在开始萎蔫时高羊茅根系的吸水能力更强，说明它具有更高的抗干旱胁迫能力。     

Relationship between Polyamines and Other Cold‐induced Response Mechanisms in Different Cereal Species

To find a connection between polyamines and various protective effectors involved in the development of cold tolerance, eight different cereal genotypes, including wheat, barley and oat species, were investigated during the acclimation phase to low temperature. Exposure to low temperature induced different changes in the levels of polyamines, and other signalling molecules, such as salicylic acid and abscisic acid, and of other protective compounds, namely flavonols, sugars and antioxidant enzyme activity, and in the lipid composition of certain membrane factions. The most remarkable differences were observed in the oat varieties compared to the other cereal genotypes, which was manifested in the lack of spermidine accumulation and of decrease in trans‐Δ³‐hexadecanoic acid content, in lower initial and not cold‐inducible abscisic acid content and guaiacol peroxidase activity after cold treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that spermidine shows strong positive relationship with flavonols, abscisic acid and ascorbate peroxidase, while was in negative relationship with trans‐Δ³‐hexadecanoic acid. These results suggest that spermidine may have a crucial role in the cold acclimation signalling processes in cereals.