北亚热带区红三叶自毒效应潜势初探

试验以昆明小哨示范牧场红三叶种子为受体,分别选取红三叶茎、叶、花3个部位,设计了0.025g/mL、0.05g/mL、0.075g/mL、0.10g/mL、0.15g/mL、0.20g/mL不同浓度的浸提液,研究了红三叶不同部位不同浓度浸提液对其自身种子下胚轴长、幼苗长和幼根长的化感影响。结果表明：红三叶存在具有浓度效应的自毒作用,且不同部位不同浓度的浸提液化感作用强度不同;红三叶浸提液对下胚轴长产生促进作用;而对幼根长和幼苗长产生不同程度的抑制作用,且对幼根的抑制作用更明显。     

3种豆科牧草山地红壤适应性评价

在山地红壤中对印尼大绿豆、印度豇豆和白扁豆等3种豆科牧草进行适应性种植评价试验，结果表明印尼大绿豆具有生育期长（201d），鲜草产量高（59774．4kg／hm^2），粗蛋白含量高（16．92％），生长表现良好，饲用价值高特点，便于推广利用。     

不同类型小肽产品对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验研究了3种不同类型的小肽产品等蛋白取代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对21d断奶仔猪的生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。选用体重近似的192头(21±1)d断奶的皮杜长大四元杂交仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复栏8头猪。4个处理日粮分别为:添加2%喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉的对照组和分别添加2%小肽产品A、B和C等蛋白取代血浆蛋白粉的T1、T2和T3试验组。试验期为21d。试验结果表明,添加3种不同肽产品等蛋白取代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪的生产性能和血液生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05),小肽产品可以部分等蛋白取代断奶仔猪日粮中的血浆蛋白粉。     

Comparison of Blood Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Two Kinds of Minipigs in Different Altitudes

This study was designed to compare the blood physiological and biochemical parameters between plateau Juema minipigs and plain Bama minipigs,and provide a theoretical basis for Juema minipigs served as experimental animals in the future.The blood samples of Juema minipigs were taken in Gannan,and the blood samples of the Bama minipigs were taken in Xi'an,24 blood physiological and biochemical parameters were tested using an automatic analyzer of blood cells and biochemistry.Between the plateau Juema minipigs and Bama minipigs,there were significant differences in PLT,RDW-CV and RDW-SD (P< 0.05) and extremely significant differences in RBC,HGB,HCT,MCH,MCMH,GGT,GLU and CRE (P< 0.01).The plateau Juema minipig had an altitude acclimatization,so it was better than Bama minipig in plateau medical science.     

断母乳日龄对犊牛营养物质消化和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同断母乳日龄对犊牛营养物质消化和血清生化指标影响。试验选用新生红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛60头,根据日龄和体重随机分成5个处理,每个处理12头犊牛,公母各占1/2,试验组分别在28、42、56和70日龄进行断母乳(分别为28A、42B、56C、70D组),随后人工哺乳代乳品至90日龄;对照组( CK组)随母哺乳至150日龄。试验时间为出生至150日龄,期间测定体重(0、70、90、150日龄)和血清生化指标(70、90、150日龄)的变化。每个处理选取6头犊牛分别在断奶前(85~90日龄)和断奶后(145~150日龄)进行2期消化代谢试验。每期6 d,其中2 d预试期,4 d正试期。结果显示：1)试验全期体重各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)断奶前各组犊牛营养物质消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),断奶后28A、42B组犊牛干物质消化率显著高于56C、70D组( P<0.05),有机物消化率显著高于70D组( P<0.05),其中42B组消化率略高。3)150日龄试验结束时,28A和42B组血清葡萄糖、总蛋白、甘油三酯、尿素氮、胆固醇、结合珠蛋白、白细胞介素-2、胰岛素样生长因子-1、免疫球蛋白M含量与CK组相比差异不显著( P>0.05),血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A含量分别显著低于、高于CK组( P<0.05),其中42B组略高。由此可见,红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛的断母乳时间以42日龄较为适宜。     

冷季放牧补饲对甘肃高山细毛后备母羊瘤胃代谢参数及瘤胃微生物数量的影响

旨在筛选出甘肃高山细毛羊后备母羊科学合理的补饲料,改变牧区由于营养供给不足导致甘肃高山细毛羊2.5岁才能配种的饲养方式。试验选择甘肃高山细毛羊(12月龄)48只,随机分为试验a(1号料)、b(2号料)、c(3号料)组和对照组(不补饲),进行90 d放牧补饲试验。结果表明,1)瘤胃pH试验a组和b组差异极显著(P<0.01)、c组显著(P<0.05)低于对照组,瘤胃氨态氮、蛋白氮、总氮浓度试验组均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),总挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)试验a组和b组均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),b组显著高于c组(P<0.05);乙酸和丙酸摩尔比a组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),b和c组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);丁酸摩尔比a组极显著高于c组(P<0.01);乙/丙b组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)瘤胃纤维降解菌和原虫数目试验组均极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)高于对照组。综上所述,补饲均能正向影响甘肃高山细毛羊后备母羊瘤胃代谢参数及瘤胃微生物数量,以1号料补饲效果最优,2号料也能起到理想效果。     

Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing KLH binding natural antibodies and specific antibody response to Newcastle disease in Kenyan chicken populations

This study aimed at investigating the influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on immune traits to inform on possibilities of genetic improvement of disease resistance traits in local chicken of Kenya. Immune traits such as natural and specific antibodies are considered suitable indicators of an individual's health status and consequently, used as indicator traits of disease resistance. In this study, natural antibodies binding to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH-NAbs) was used to measure general disease resistance. Specific antibodies binding to Newcastle disease virus (NDV-IgG) post vaccination was used to measure specific disease resistance. Titers of KLH-NAbs isotypes (KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG and KLH-IgA) and NDV-IgG were measured in 1,540 chickens of different ages ranging from 12 to 56 weeks. A general linear model was fitted to determine the effect of sex, generation, population type, phylogenetic cluster, line, genotype and age on the antibody traits. A multivariate animal mixed model was fitted to estimate heritability and genetic correlations among the antibody traits. The model constituted of non-genetic factors found to have a significant influence on the antibody traits as fixed effects, and animal and residual effects as random variables. Overall mean (±SE) concentration levels for KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG, KLH-IgA and NDV-IgG were 10.33 ± 0.04, 9.08 ± 0.02, 6.00 ± 0.02 and 10.12 ± 0.03, respectively. Sex, generation and age (linear covariate) significantly (p < 0.05) influenced variation across all the antibody traits. Genotype effects (p < 0.05) were present in all antibody traits, apart from KLH-IgA. Interaction between generation and line was significant (p < 0.05) in KLH-IgM and NDV-IgG while nesting phylogenetic cluster within population significantly (p < 0.05) influenced all antibody traits, apart from KLH-IgA. Heritability estimates for KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG, KLH-IgA and NDV-IgG were 0.28 ± 0.08, 0.14 ± 0.06, 0.07 ± 0.04 and 0.31 ± 0.06, respectively. There were positive genetic correlations (0.40–0.61) among the KLH-NAbs while negative genetic correlations (−0.26 to −0.98) were observed between the KLH-NAbs and NDV-IgG. Results from this study indicate that non-genetic effects due to biological and environmental factors influence natural and specific antibodies and should be accounted for to reduce bias and improve accuracy when evaluating the traits. Subsequently, the moderate heritability estimates in KLH-IgM and NDV-IgG suggest selection possibilities for genetic improvement of general and specific immunity, respectively, and consequently disease resistance. However, the negative correlations between KLH-NAbs and NDV-IgG indicate the need to consider a suitable approach that can optimally combine both traits in a multiple trait selection strategies.     

不同CBI日粮对牦牛瘤胃发酵参数、血清生化指标和养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在探究不同碳水化合物平衡指数(Carbohydrate balance index,CBI)日粮对牦牛瘤胃发酵参数、血清生化指标和养分消化率的影响,选取3种不同CBI(1.17,2.45,5.67)日粮,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,通过一系列指标测定,明确牦牛最优日粮CBI水平。结果表明：不同CBI牦牛日粮瘤胃发酵参数均不显著;CBI=1.17与CBI=5.67牦牛日粮的白蛋白/球蛋白差异不显著,但均显著高于CBI=2.45的牦牛日粮(P<0.05);CBI=2.45牦牛日粮干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率显著高于CBI=1.17和CBI=5.67(P<0.05);CBI=2.45与CBI=5.67牦牛日粮的中性洗涤纤维消化率差异不显著,但均显著高于CBI=1.17(P<0.05)。综上所述：牦牛日粮的CBI=2.45更有利于其瘤胃发酵和养分消化利用。