玉米副产物的饲用价值

本文主要介绍了玉米加工的副产物的种类、数量及常见几种主要玉米副产物的营养价值,并进一步阐述了其饲用畜禽的饲用价值。     

黄花苜蓿的优良特性与开发利用

本文简要介绍了苜蓿属植物黄花苜蓿的分布、生境以及饲用价值高、抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱等优良特性,并对其与紫花苜蓿相比所占的优势、对苜蓿育种的贡献及在草地改良中的生态价值进行了评述。在简述目前我国黄花苜蓿国研究现状的同时,提出要大力开发利用这一牧草资源,它必将对我国畜牧业生产、退化草地改良及水土保持等发挥重要作用。     

玛曲高寒沙化草地植物生态位特征研究

研究高寒沙化草地植物群落特征和演替状况,对恢复生态环境、提高草地生产力具有重要意义。本文采用样方法对玛曲高寒沙化草地20个样地的植物种群进行系统调查,并计算其主要植物的重要值、生态位宽度和生态位重叠值。结果表明:该草地当前的优势种为异针茅(Stipa aliena);生态位宽度最大的是亚优势种高山唐松草(Thalictrum alpinum)和乳浆大戟(Euphorbia esula),为0.974,而优势种异针茅仅0.941,说明优势种并不具有最强适应能力和竞争力,在群落中的地位也不稳定;生态位宽度大的物种之间具有大的生态位重叠值,其中高山唐松草和乳浆大戟生态位重叠值最大,达0.987,与其他种群之间的竞争也较强,表明高寒沙化草地的演替方向将是杂类草取代禾草的优势地位,如不及时治理,草地将进一步退化。     

桑枝枯菌核病病原菌的生物学特性研究

从发病桑树上分离到桑枝枯菌核病病原菌的纯菌种 ,并对该菌的培养性状和生物学特性进行了调查和研究。结果表明 :桑枝枯菌核病病原菌适于在PDA培养基和桑叶汁培养基上生长 ,其生长温度范围为 8～ 30℃ ,最适生长温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃ ,生长pH值范围为 1～ 12 ,最适生长pH值为 5～ 8,菌丝与菌核的生长情况大致相同 ;菌核在适宜的温湿度条件下能够产生子囊盘和子囊孢子 ,子囊孢子椭圆形 ,大小 7～ 14 μm× 3～ 7μm。     

黄土丘陵区白羊草与达乌里胡枝子混播草地土壤呼吸日变化特征

土壤呼吸是反映土壤质量和肥力性状的重要指标,阐明禾―豆混播草地土壤呼吸作用的变化规律及其影响因素,可以为准确评估混播草地的环境效应及响应提供依据。在2011和2012年6月份,采用动态密闭气室分析法,比较了白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)与达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)不同比例间作混播草地总土壤呼吸速率的日变化特征、混播植物贡献率以及温度敏感性等。结果表明,不同混播比例草地的总土壤呼吸速率日变化为单峰型曲线,峰值出现在12:00~14:00。总土壤呼吸速率日均值高低顺序为单播白羊草白羊草和达乌里胡枝子间作单播达乌里胡枝子。不同间作比例草地的总土壤呼吸速率与白昼气温相关显著(P0.05),而与5、10和15 cm土层白昼土壤温度关系不明显;单播条件下,白羊草草丛的土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性高于达乌里胡枝子;各草地土壤呼吸Q10值的变化范围为1.48~2.61,以单播白羊草最高,单播达乌里胡枝子和两者间作混播草地间无显著差异(P0.05)。     

基于近红外光谱的北京市全株玉米原料康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系组分分析与预测

本试验旨在基于康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)建立北京市全株玉米原料营养成分数据库,并利用近红外光谱(NIRS)方法建立其营养价值预测模型。试验采集北京市18个牧场89份全株玉米原料样品,测定其营养成分,利用CNCPS 6.5计算各样品碳水化合物(CHO)和蛋白质组成。定标集和验证集根据4∶1的配比关系,分别选用71份和18份全株玉米原料样品作为定标集和验证集评价NIRS模型。结果显示:1) NIRS分析技术对全株玉米原料常规营养成分、CNCPS中蛋白质组成和CHO组成均具有较好的预测能力,且精确度较高。2)干物质(DM)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、淀粉(Starch)、中性洗涤不溶蛋白质(NDIP)、酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质(ADIP)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)、CHO、非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)、可溶性纤维(CB2)、可消化纤维(CB3)、不消化纤维(CC)、可溶性真蛋白质(PA2)、难溶性真蛋白质(PB1)、纤维结合蛋白质(PB2)和非降解蛋白质(PC)的定标决定系数(1-VR)均>0.80,验证决定系数(RSQv)均≥0.84,这些模型均可用于日常快速检测分析。DM、Ash、EE、NDF、ADF、ADL、Starch、NDIP、CHO、NFC、CB2、CB3、PC和PB1的NIRS模型参数均采用二阶导数处理,CP、SP、ADIP、CC、PA2和PB2的NIRS模型参数均采用标准正态变量+二阶导数处理。综上所述,本研究提供了全株玉米原料的基础化学分析数据,并通过NIRS分析技术建立了主要营养成分的快速预测模型,有利于养殖场青贮前对全株玉米原料质量的快速评估。     

The use of eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine in mice (Mus musculus) for tail vein injections

ObjectiveTo investigate a topical local anesthesia technique as a means to prevent and/or diminish pain in mice in a laboratory setting associated with tail vein injections performed by personnel in training.Study designProspective, randomized experimental trial.AnimalsThirty six adult female, 23–28 g CD-1 mice from an in-house training colony. They were acclimated to routine training and handling classes.MethodsEutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine) or a bland ointment control (n = 18) was applied on the tail prior to intravenous injection. The injections were performed by novices, who had never attempted the procedure, and experienced personnel. All participants were blinded to treatment groups. Three injection attempts were allowed per animal. The mice were observed and scored by blinded evaluators for behavioral and physiological changes, including respiratory rate, vocalization, tail flick, and escape behaviors, during and after the injection.ResultsThis study demonstrates that aversive behaviors induced by lateral tail vein injection were not changed by the preemptive application of EMLA cream. The aversive behaviors associated with lateral tail vein injection were significantly affected by the number of injection attempts and the individual's experience level.Conclusions and clinical relevanceTopical EMLA cream did not reduce signs of aversive reaction to tail vein injection and thus we did not find support for its use in mouse training programs for tail vein injections.     

Impact of preanaesthetic echocardiography on the planned anaesthetic management of cats

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of preanaesthetic echocardiography on the subsequent intended anaesthetic management plan in cats with incidental clinical findings that may indicate cardiac disease.Study designClinical study involving cats undergoing echocardiography and subsequent anaesthesia.AnimalsA total of 40 client-owned cats.MethodsEchocardiography was performed in conscious cats and the information was used to plan anaesthesia or sedation. An information sheet including relevant history, temperament, body condition score, clinical examination findings, current medication and results of any relevant tests such as haematology, biochemistry or Doppler blood pressure measurement was sent to three specialist anaesthetists and virtual case management plans were designed for each cat in two steps: step 1) anaesthetists were unaware of echocardiography results; and step 2) anaesthetists were aware of echocardiography results. In the second step the anaesthetists documented any changes to their original management plan, as either ‘step-up’ or ‘step-down’.ResultsOf the 40 cats, 26 had murmurs, four had a gallop rhythm, four had both findings and six had other findings. Pathology of potential haemodynamic significance was found on echocardiography in 23 cats, 17 of which anaesthetists had correctly identified as having disease before echocardiography. A proportion of cats with murmurs were subsequently deemed to have no significant pathology after echocardiography. Echocardiography findings in these cases were: dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (DLVOTO) without hypertrophy; DLVOTO without hypertrophy + dynamic right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (DRVOTO); DRVOTO; valvular dysplasia; normal. In a median of 26/40 (range 16–38) of cases, the anaesthetic plan was changed after provision of further information; in 15/40 (8–20) cases, this was a ‘step-up’ in care and in eight/40 (6–23) it was a ‘step-down’ in care. In cases with atrial enlargement (left atrium to aortic ratio of >1.6) and deemed at risk of cardiac failure, alpha-2 agonist use changed considerably with availability of echocardiography findings.Conclusionand clinical relevance Where there are abnormal cardiac findings on clinical examination in cats, echocardiography is required to accurately assess anaesthetic risk . The availability of echocardiographic information positively influences anaesthetic management.     

水利信息化技术在农业灌溉用水精准计量中的应用价值

随着我国当前社会与经济的快速发展,国家在经济迅速提升过程当中,越来越重视农 业经济的发展情况。我国当前的农业在进行种植过程当中开始应用灌溉技术,但是在我国当前 农业灌溉用水精准计量工作开展过程当中,存在一定的问题,所以为了能够更好的解决此类问 题,部分地区已经开始将水利信息化技术应用到该项工作当中。因此,本文将会就水利化信息 技术在农业灌溉用水精准计量中的应用价值进行仔细分析。     

玉米酒精糟的营养价值及其对生长育肥猪肉品质的影响

玉米酒精糟(corn distillers dried grains with solubles,DDGS)是燃料乙醇工厂以玉米为原料发酵生产酒精的副产品,含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、有效磷和维生素,是一种良好的饲料原料。近年来,随着燃料乙醇工厂数量的增多、规模的扩大及加工工艺的改进,玉米DDGS的产量和质量也不断提高,并且被越来越多地用于养猪生产中。但是其中过高的脂肪含量,特别是不饱和脂肪酸,导致生长育肥猪的肉品质下降,对猪肉的货架期及深加工造成了一定的负面影响。作者综述了玉米DDGS的营养价值及其对猪肉品质的影响。