古园林遗址公园建设实践初探——以泉州释雅山公园的恢复重建为例

古典园林是历史文化名城重要的生态、文化、旅游资源。文章以泉州市释雅山公园结合古城保护环境整治工程,遵循传承历史文脉、丰富创新意境、完善综合功能的理念,利用荒废的古典园林遗迹采用传统造园手法建设城市公园,这对于古城景观及城市肌理的保护具有重要意义。同时此类绿地构成了人口密集、绿地偏少的古城区绿地系统的核心内容,发挥了良好的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益。     

萍乡采矿废弃区退化森林的恢复与重建技术

借鉴国内外采矿废弃区退化森林的恢复重建经验,阐述了萍乡采矿废弃区退化森林的恢复、重建技术,并总结提出了萍乡采矿废弃区退化森林的恢复、重建的措施。     

襄垣北石底山的林业复垦与生态重建研究

依托国际先进的宫胁造林法,襄垣北石底山林业复垦基础工程和植被恢复工程取得阶段性成果。简要阐述了襄垣北石底山的环境概况,重点介绍了林业复垦基础工程的再造技术,植被重建工程的植物筛选以及建植技术和管护技术。实践证明,侧柏纯林,侧柏、灌木混交林,油松、栎类、灌木混交林这3种林分结构在太行山的废弃石灰岩生态重建中比较合理,侧柏作为先锋树种为改善微环境和恢复森林植被创造了有利条件。     

Accuracy of pairwise methods in the reconstruction of family relationships, using molecular information from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Many estimators and algorithms have been developed to infer the genealogical relationships from molecular marker data when there is no pedigree information. Most pairwise methods provide estimates in a continuous range that needs to be converted into genealogical relationships (namely full-sibs, half-sibs and unrelated) if there is a previous knowledge of the population structure. Transformations are usually based on arbitrary thresholds, but the possibility of correcting the coancestry estimates via explicit pedigree reconstruction methods has been suggested. Using molecular data for ten highly polymorphic microsatellite loci on a population of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with a known genealogy, the behaviour of four pairwise marker-based coancestry estimators and the molecular coancestry has been evaluated. The population consisted on 138 families with 4 full-sib individuals each and one family with 8 full-sib individuals (up to 15 half-sib families were also present due to the sharing of parents between some of the full-sibs families). Our results suggested that transforming the pairwise estimators and the molecular coancestry to family relationships through the establishment of thresholds performs slightly better than the explicit pedigree reconstruction method, when accuracy is measured in a pairwise basis. However, if joint relationships between more than two individuals were tested at a time, the threshold methods led to a high percentage of incongruous triads of full-sib individuals, with Mendelian incompatibilities appearing in congruous full-sib families (more than 70% and 60% in our study, respectively). The explicit pedigree reconstruction approach, due to its nature, is free from such problems. Therefore, the pedigree reconstruction approach seems to be a valuable tool to provide a congruent and compatible pedigree when the pairwise marker-based coancestry matrices or the molecular coancestry need to be transformed.     

刍议乡村振兴与乡村生活重建间的关系

党的第十九大报告曾提出,实施乡村振兴战略,为新时期乡村建设提供了方向。乡村振兴不 仅包含农村产业振兴,也包括乡村生活的重建。本文对乡村振兴与乡村生活重建进行分析。我国自 古以来就是一个农业大国,所以建设美丽乡村离不开对乡村生活的建设。     

以树木年轮密度资料重建鄂尔多斯中部地区6至10月降水量的变化

【目的】研究鄂尔多斯中部地区未来气候环境的变化,探讨树木年轮生长与气候环境的响应关系。【方法】对鄂尔多斯中部地区油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)树木年轮样本进行了树轮密度指标的分析,结果表明,研究区树木年轮最大密度指标与树木生长期6-10月降水量有显著的正相关关系,相关系数为0.582(P>0.001)。利用油松树木年轮最大密度指数,对研究区1888年以来6-10月的降水量变化进行了重建,重建序列方差解释量为0.339。【结果】重建结果分析表明,鄂尔多斯中部地区过去115年中有明显的干湿变化特征,降水较多的湿润时段有:1888-1896年、1903-1908年、1934-1953年、1984-1993年;降水较少的干旱时段有:1897-1902年、1920-1933年、1954-1958年、1994-2000年。功率谱分析表明,重建降水量变化序列有2年、7年以及11年左右的周期变化。【结论】该地区降水变化与区域气候变化相一致,降水变化可能受大尺度气候环境变化的控制与影响。     

Extensive dispersal of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) inferred from genetic marker data

The dispersal ecology of most stream fishes is poorly characterised, complicating conservation efforts for these species. We used microsatellite DNA marker data to characterise dispersal patterns and effective population size (N_e) for a population of Roanoke logperch Percina rex, an endangered darter (Percidae). Juveniles and candidate parents were sampled for 2 years at sites throughout the Roanoke River watershed. Dispersal was inferred via genetic assignment tests (ATs), pedigree reconstruction (PR) and estimation of lifetime dispersal distance under a genetic isolation‐by‐distance model. Estimates of N_e varied from 105 to 1218 individuals, depending on the estimation method. Based on PR, polygamy was frequent in parents of both sexes, with individuals spawning with an average of 2.4 mates. The sample contained 61 half‐sibling pairs, but only one parent–offspring pair and no full‐sib pairs, which limited our ability to discriminate natal dispersal of juveniles from breeding dispersal of their parents between spawning events. Nonetheless, all methods indicated extensive dispersal. The AT indicated unrestricted dispersal among sites ≤15 km apart, while siblings inferred by the PR were captured an average of 14 km and up to 55 km apart. Model‐based estimates of median lifetime dispersal distance (6–24 km, depending on assumptions) bracketed AT and PR estimates, indicating that widely dispersed individuals do, on average, contribute to gene flow. Extensive dispersal of P. rex suggests that darters and other small benthic stream fishes may be unexpectedly mobile. Monitoring and management activities for such populations should encompass entire watersheds to fully capture population dynamics.     

基于分形插值的三维路面重构与分析

原始精细的路面谱是研究车辆与路面耦合的重要基础,对车辆的通过性和噪声、振动及不平顺性NVH(noise,vibration and harshness)分析有重要的应用价值。为了构建与原始路面相同或相近的路面谱,利用非接触式激光路面不平度仪测量沥青路面、水泥路面、比利时路面和砂石路面的三维路面不平度;基于分形理论,采用迭代函数法重构这四种路面谱;结合路面不平度的统计特性评价指标和分形维数对四种路面的原始谱和重构谱进行评价。研究结果表明:重构前、后路面谱的平均值、标准差、峰度系数以及分形维数变化范围在±5%以内,除水泥路面的偏态系数变化范围均在±9%以内,重构路面谱与原始谱具有一致性;重构路面谱保持了原始路面的结构特性,并具有路面的细微结构。     

城镇化发展中的小城镇特色建设问题研究

集中发展小城镇是我国城镇化发展的一个重要选择。当前我国小城镇特色建设面临着特色挖掘不突出、特色彰显能力弱、基础设施公共服务功能弱、创新精神不足以及缺乏活力等问题。小城镇特色建设必须坚持以适合人民生活为宗旨，以大中城市周边合理布局为基础并注重乡土重建，充分发挥原住民在小城镇特色挖掘上的主体作用，注重通过创新精神去激活发展动力，在保护和开发并重的前提下发挥政府搭建平台、城镇居民共同参与、开发资本“走进来”的三方协同作用来加强小城镇特色建设。     

目标差异化导向下南方丘陵地区农村居民点空间重构

随着城镇化进程的不断加快,农村居民点面临多元分化和重组。科学划分农村居民点类型,确定不同空间优化模式,对于实现乡村振兴,推进城乡融合发展具有重要意义。该研究以江西省乐平市为例,在筛选丘陵地区优势居民点\