常见易混淆园林植物的识别

在园林绿化工程中很可能因不能准确识别植物种类而造成工程质量不符合合同要求,从而带来巨大损失。工程中出现品种混乱的原因很多,文章着重论述华中地区一些常见易混淆园林植物的分辨要点。     

温度对小球藻生长量和溶氧量影响研究

采用梯度法研究温度对小球藻生长量和溶氧量的影响.结果表明:小球藻对温度的适应范围较广,5～30℃期间小球藻均可正常生长,25℃为小球藻生长的最适温度,此时小球藻的生长速度与溶氧量增长速度达到最大,结果可为小球藻生长量和溶氧量的研究提供参考依据.     

自动控制补偿电容器柜的工作原理及应用

常用的电动机、变压器等电器设备功率因数较低,会造成大量的无功损耗。通过并联电力电容器,可补偿无功功率,提高系统功率因数。介绍自动控制补偿电容器柜并联补偿3种方式的补偿原理,并用实例说明电力电容补偿容量的确定方法。     

Application of the Tweedie distribution to zero-catch data in CPUE analysis

We focus on the zero-catch problem of CPUE (catch per unit effort) standardization. Because the traditional CPUE model with a log-normal error structure cannot be applied in this case, three methods have often been utilized as follows:

(1) Ad hoc method adds a small constant value to all response variables.

(2) Catch model with a Poisson or negative-binomial (NB) error structure.

(3) Delta-type two-step method such as the delta-normal model (after estimating the ratio of zero-catch using a logit or probit model, a model such as CPUE log-normal or Catch-Poisson is applied to CPUE without zero-data).

However, there are some statistical problems with each of these methods.In this paper, we carried out the CPUE standardization mainly using the Tweedie distribution model based on the actual by-catch data (silky shark, Carcharhimus falciformis, in the North Pacific Ocean caught by Japanese training vessels) including many observations with zero-catch (>2/3rd) and tuna fishery data as a target (yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the Indian Ocean caught by Japanese commercial vessels) where the ratio of zero-catch is not so high (<1/3rd). The Tweedie model is an extension of compound Poisson model derived from the stochastic process where the weight of the counted objects (i.e., number of fish) has a gamma distribution and has an advantage of handling the zero-catch data in a unified way.We also compared four candidate models, the Catch-NB model, ad hoc method, Delta-lognormal model (delta-type two-step method) and Tweedie distribution, through CPUE analyses of actual fishery data in terms of the statistical performance. Square error and Pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated based on the observed CPUE and the corresponding predicted CPUE using the n-fold cross-validation.As a result, the differences in the trend of CPUE between years and model performance between the ad hoc method and Tweedie model were found to be not so large in the example of yellowfin tuna (target species). However, the statistical performance of Tweedie distribution is rather better than Delta-lognormal model, the Catch-NB distribution and ad hoc method in the example of silky shark (by-catch species). Standardized CPUE year trend of ad hoc method was found to be quite different from that of the Tweedie distribution and other two models. Model performance of the Tweedie distribution is good judging from the 5-fold cross-validation using the fishery data if including many zero-catch data such as by-catch species.     

Spatial integration of freshwater fish markets in the Northern Baltic Sea area

Freshwater fish species and Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) are important to small-scale fisheries in Finland and Sweden. The formerly local markets for these species have expanded as trade has been opened up to international competition. In this study we use cointegration analysis to test the spatial integration of freshwater fish markets in Finland and between Finland and Sweden. The analysed fish species are salmon, perch (Perca fluviatilis), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), European whitefish (Goregonus lavaretus) and pike (Exos lucius), and the data covers ex-vessel prices from 1993 or 1995 to 2004. We found that the regional prices in Finland were cointegrated. This indicates that the prices are determined on a single market in Finland. Moreover, the study suggests that Finnish and Swedish markets in Baltic salmon, whitefish, pikeperch and perch were partially integrated, while integration of pike markets could not be found. The political implication is that an essential part of the local small-scale fisheries’ operational environment is determined outside the national borders.     

8种木兰科树种苗期在呈贡的适应性研究

从2004年至2009年在昆明市呈贡县进行了绒叶含笑、马关木莲、状丽含笑、香木莲、小果含笑、大果木莲、金花含笑、单性木兰8种木兰科树种的苗期适应性研究。5年多的育苗试验结果表明:单性木兰、金花含笑、大果木莲为该地区不适宜育苗用的木兰科树种。现存的5个木兰科树种苗木的保存率顺序是:绒叶含笑香木莲状丽含笑马关木莲小果含笑。适应性差或抗寒力弱的单性木兰等3个树种的苗木已在逐年的霜冻中被冻死。现存树种是苗期抗寒力较强的树种,其苗木的抗寒力的排序是:绒叶含笑马关木莲小果含笑状丽含笑香木莲。由于树种间苗木的抗寒力差异和生长差异,现存5个木兰科树种苗木的主要生长指标排序是:绒叶含笑马关木莲状丽含笑香木莲小果含笑。绒叶含笑与各树种间其苗木的苗高生长均具有极显著差异或显著差异,地径生长差异也较大;故绒叶含笑是昆明市园林、庭园绿化的一个首选树种,其次是马关木莲、状丽含笑。     

Classification of Tomicus Species

Both morphological characters and a portion of of 28S rDNA sequences were used to identifying Tomicus species.The specimens were classed into groups with the following characters: 1) granules or punctures on interstria 2 on the declivity of the elytra;2) length of the elytral interstrial hairs and hairs arising from punctures;3) arrangement of pronotal punctures and hairs.These characters could be clearly examined under a binocular microscope at 30×magnification and they were applicable and valuable for the forest entomologists to identify Tomicus species.The phylogenetic tree established with difference in 28S rDNA sequence of D2 region revealed that the specimens of each group identified by morphological characters were also grouped together.The genetic distances of intra-species, inter-species and inter-genus were not overlapped. Genetic divergence of 28S rDNA was also useful for identifying Tomicus species.     

YS型小麦温敏不育系A3314育性转换过程中叶片和幼穗酶活性的变化

为研究YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系的育性转换机制,在不同育性条件下,测定了YS型小麦温敏不育系A3314及其原同型保持系TSP3314不同发育时期叶片和幼穗中过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果表明,两种育性条件下,A3314幼穗中酶的变化较叶片对其育性影响大;同一发育时期SOD、POD、CAT活性基本呈现不育条件下比可育条件下低的趋势,特别是在减数分裂期后表现更加明显.MDA含量与SOD、POD、CAT活性变化趋势相反.这些结果说明YS型小麦温敏不育系中酶活性与花粉育性密切相关.     

大叶类卷曲形绿茶加工工艺的优化研究

以福鼎大毫茶为原料,以摊放程度、杀青方式、二青方式为因素,进行3因素2水平L4(23)正交试验,从感官品质、生化成分含量、茶汤色度值和滋味化学鉴定得分等品质指标探讨微波杀青、微波二青工艺对大叶类卷曲形绿茶品质的影响。结果表明,微波工艺对提高绿茶"清汤绿叶"品质和滋味鲜爽度有益,能够显著提升卷曲形绿茶的色泽、明亮度、绿度、鲜度和总体品质。综合感官审评结果和品饮习惯,认为卷曲形绿茶的优选工艺流程为:"摊放减重率20%~25%→微波杀青→揉捻→炒二青→搓团提毫→烘干"(即Q4),制出的卷曲形绿茶外形色泽绿润、梗鲜绿,与传统工艺的品质风格迥然不同,香气清纯、滋味鲜爽、汤色绿艳、叶底绿亮均匀。