安康市核桃果实害虫种类调查研究

采用生长期定点定株定期果实害虫调查和贮藏期室内常温贮藏观测法,对安康市核桃果实害虫种类进行了调查。结果为安康市核桃果实生长期害虫有13种,隶属5目11科;核桃果实贮藏期害虫有3种,隶属2目3科;核桃生长期危害较大的果实害虫主要是核桃举肢蛾、核桃长足象、双鬃尖尾蝇和桃蛀螟;贮藏期危害较大的果实害虫是印度谷螟;首次发现并记录了角斑古毒蛾幼虫为害核桃幼果。     

日粮能量水平对牦牛生产性能、肉品质和瘤胃菌群的影响

为了探讨冷季能量补饲对牦牛生产性能、肉品质和瘤胃菌群的影响。本研究选取30头((269.75±35.46) kg)2岁大通公牦牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,分别饲喂低、中、高3个综合净能水平(5.51 MJ·kg^-1,6.22 MJ·kg^-1,6.94 MJ·kg^-1)日粮,经15 d预饲期和90 d正试期后屠宰,测定牦牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、瘤胃发酵参数瘤胃微生物区系。结果表明：高能量组牦牛试验末重、干物质采食量、宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积显著高于中、低能量组(P<0.05),瘤胃异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸含量显著高于中、低能量组(P<0.05);高能量组牦牛肉色L^*值显著低于中、低能量组(P<0.05);高能量组牦牛瘤胃细菌Chao1和ACE指数显著低于中、低能量组,普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)相对丰度显著高于中、低能量组,理研菌科RC9菌属相对丰度显著低于中、低能量组(P<0.05)。综上,冷季饲喂高能量(6.94 MJ·kg^-1     

不同品种早籼稻制备的鲜湿米粉的品质差异

为科学合理地选用米粉专用早稻品种,以15份早籼稻品种为原料,采用隶属函数、主成分分析和聚类分析法,探讨供试水稻制备的鲜湿米粉的蒸煮品质、质构指标、感官评分的差异。结果表明：不同原料制备的鲜湿米粉的品质差异显著,以株两优4026及煜两优22为原料制作的鲜湿米粉品质较好,断条率和吐浆值低,硬度大,弹性好,咀嚼性强,黏附性低,感官评分较高,分别为78.2、79.2;相关性分析结果表明,蒸煮品质、感官品质与质构品质各指标之间呈极显著相关(P<0.01);主成分分析结果表明,吐浆值、断条率和黏附性为负向评价指标,硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、感官指标及评分为正向评价指标;结合聚类分析,将15个早籼稻品种制作的鲜湿米粉分为品质较优、品质一般和品质较差3大类,其中株两优4026和煜两优22适宜加工成高品质鲜湿米粉。     

Effect of Soaking on Nitrate Concentrations in Teff Hay

Soaking can affect respirable dust particles and the concentrations of some nutrients in alfalfa and cool season grass hays. However, the effect of soaking on nitrates in hay has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soaking on teff hay, a warm season annual grass, that contained high concentrations of nitrate (>2.0%). Six bales of teff hay were used for the study. Six 0.5 kg samples were taken from each bale and assigned to one of six soaking treatments: no soaking (control), cold water immersion for 10 seconds, warm water immersion for 10 seconds, cold water soaking for 1 hour, warm water soaking for 1 hour, and cold water soaking for 8 hours. After soaking, hay was dried, ground, and submitted to a commercial laboratory for analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance as a block design. When the main effect of treatment was significant (P < .05), means were separated by Tukey's honest significant difference test. Soaking for 1 or 8 hours decreased water-soluble carbohydrate (P < .0001). Phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc concentrations were reduced by soaking for 1 hour or longer (P, K, Na: P < .0001; Zn: P = .003). Nitrate concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) to safe levels for horses (≤0.5%) by soaking hay for 1 hour or longer but soaking also reduced the concentrations of some nutrients in the hay. Minimal differences were observed between cold and warm soaking temperatures.     

民优5338早季栽培综合措施试验初报

为摸索杂交稻品种民优5338相配套的早季高产栽培技术措施,采用正交设计法开展民优5338早季栽培的三因素(插植规格、每667m~2施纯N量、N肥施用方法)试验,结果表明:采用插植规格20 cm×20 cm、每667m~2施纯N量16 kg和N肥施用方法(基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥=5∶3∶2)组合的栽培效果最佳,适宜生产推广。     

An Evaluation of Blueberry Cultivars Grown in Plastic Tunnels in Douglas County,Oregon

Abstract

Growing fruits and vegetables in plastic tunnels is known to accelerate maturity and protect quality. There are several studies on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) that demonstrate the ability of row covers to advance or delay crop maturity depending on how they are manipulated. Accelerating or delaying harvest time can prove to be very lucrative for producers. However, before producers start putting plastic tunnels over their crops it is important to know how blueberry cultivars will behave when grown under plastic. Six cultivars of southern highbush blueberry and eight cultivars of northern highbush blueberry were grown in a high hoop plastic tunnel for two seasons. Blueberry plants were grown under plastic from February 1 until their harvest was completed each year. After harvest, the plastic covering over the hoops was removed to help the blueberry plants develop fruit buds and meet winter chill requirements. On February 1 the plastic covering was returned to the high hoop tunnel after chilling requirements were met. As expected, fruit maturity dates were 1-3 weeks earlier for all the highbush blueberries grown inside the tunnel versus the same cultivars grown outside. The difference in maturity dates between cultivars grown under plastic and outside did change from one year to the next because of variation in the weather. Despite potential for poor pollination of blueberries in plastic tunnels, yields were significantly enhanced for four cultivars when grown under plastic tunnels. ‘Toro’, ‘Nui’, ‘Legacy’, and ‘Misty’ showed yield gains ranging from 1 to 4 times when grown under a plastic tunnel. Seed numbers per fruit were not significantly impacted by growing plants inside our tunnel.     

呼伦贝尔市2011年大豆生长季气候影响分析

2011年呼伦贝尔市大豆种植62.62万hm2,比2010年增加4.68万hm2。通过2011年气候资料的统计分析,得知在大豆生长季气温稍低,降水正常或局部偏多,大部分地区光照偏少,光、水、热匹配较好,尤其是水分条件对需水较多的大豆生长较为有利。     

Temporal and spatial dynamics of mineral levels of forage,soil and cattle blood serum in two semi-arid savannas of South Africa

In this study, we examined temporal and spatial dynamics of minerals of forage, soil and cattle serum in two savannas (valley and plain) of South Africa. The aims were to explore the relationships between ecosystem components, and plan communal grazing and fodder flow for sustainable livestock production. In each area, grazing sites near, at intermediate distance from (middle) and far from homesteads were selected. In the valley land, site interacted with season to influence local variations (P<0.05) of soil calcium and microelements. In the plain lands, local variations occurred for soil phosphorus and magnesium. At the large scale, most macro-minerals showed differences between the valley and plain lands. In the valley areas, forage calcium differed (P<0.05) locally in the dry season, whereas in the plain areas, potassium and phosphorus showed local variations (P<0.05) in the wet season. Seasonal variations of most forage elements were significant within each local site of both study areas. All forages were deficient in phosphorus and copper. Cattle serum from the valley area had low iron concentrations. The study concluded that biotic and abiotic factors may influence the distribution of soil and forage elements, but their effects may vary between the two areas. Rangeland improvement and supplementation strategies are suggested to sustain animal production.     

基于WAP的农时农事系统设计

以系统工程原理和网络平台为基础,以计算机编程技术、数据库技术、网络技术为研究工具,以WAP技术、3G移动技术为桥梁,开发农时农事系统.该系统可实现农时农事随时随地登记和查询,为实现农牧产品质量安全追溯打下基础.     

Performance of rainy season greengram as influenced by land configuration and phosphorus application

A field experiment was carried out for 2 crop years (July‐October) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of land configuration and phosphorus levels on the growth and yield of rainy season greengram under limited irrigation facility. The crop sown on 2 meter wide broad bed and furrow (BBF) showed higher growth attributes, nodulation, yield attributes and yield compared to flat bed (FB) sowing. Application of 30 and 60 kg P₂O₅ha_‐1 showed significant increase in growth attributes, nodulation, yield attributes and yield as compared to no phosphorus application. The moisture status in the soil determined the optimum dose of phosphorus needed for greengram. The combination of BBF sowing and application of 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 recorded the highest grain yield among all the combinations of land configuration and phosphorus levels.