Effects of Cyclic Electron Flow Inhibitor （Antimycin A） on Photosystem Photoinhibition of Sweet Pepper Leaves upon Exposure to Chilling Stress Under Low Irradiance

In chloroplast, there were two pathways involved in the cyclic electron flow around photosystem 1 （PS 1）. One was the NADH dehydrogenase （NDH）-dependent flow and the other was the ferredoxin quinone reductase-dependent flow. It was proposed that the NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow around PSI was related to the xanthophyll cycle-dependent non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） at chilling temperature under low irradiance （CL）. The function of the chloroplastic cyclic electron flow around PS 1 was examined by comparing sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） control with its antimycin A （AA）-fed leaves upon exposure to CL stress. During CL stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS2 （Fv/Fm） decreased markedly in both controls and AA-fed leaves, and P700＋ was also lower in AA-fed leaves than in controls. These results implied that cyclic electron flow around PS 1 functioned to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from CL stress. Under such stress, NPQ and PS2-driven electron transport rate were different between AA-fed leaves and controls. The lower NPQ in AA-fed leaves might be related to an inefficient proton gradient across thylakoid membranes （ApH） because of inhibiting cyclic electron flow around PS 1 under CL stress.     

三种枣树叶绿素荧光参数的日变化

以沾化冬枣、龙枣、黄河枣王三种不同的枣树为材料,研究其叶绿素荧光参数的日变化。结果表明:黄河枣王的量子产量(Yield)、相对光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、非光化学淬灭系数(qN或NPQ)均高于龙枣和沾化冬枣,说明其能通过增加热耗散来尽量降低光抑制程度,对当地环境较为适应;而沾化冬枣各个数值普遍偏低。随日间光照强度的增加,三种枣树的Yield逐渐减少,ETR增加,非光化学淬灭系数NPQ上升,黄昏时,各参数都恢复到接近早晨的水平,表明未发生光合机构的破坏。     

超级稻P88S/0389光合特性初探

[目的]通过比较超级稻P88S/0389与其亲本P88S和R0389剑叶的光合特性,探索P88S/0389高产的光合机理。[方法]采用W ellburn和Lichenthaler的方法测定剑叶叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量,并使用便携式光合测定仪测定光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数。[结果]杂交种的叶绿素含量居于双亲之间,生育期前期偏母本而后期偏父本;同时,杂交种有较强的光能吸收、转化和碳固定能力,其剑叶的净光合速率(Pn)、PSⅡ活性(FV/FO)和PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(FV/Fm)、叶绿素荧光光化学猝灭系数(qP)等参数均高于亲本,且下降速率都比亲本慢,非光化学猝灭(qN)较亲本低,上升速率也比亲本慢,表现出不易早衰等超亲优势。[结论]杂交种P88S/0389吸收的光能主要用于光化学反应,热耗散较少。在水稻生产中,选择同时具有较高光合速率和较长的光合速率高值持续期的品种对水稻的高产尤为重要。     

铜胁迫对芥菜光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

通过水培试验研究了铜胁迫对芥菜叶片光合特性与叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明,所有铜浓度处理均能降低芥菜胞间CO2浓度(ci)和光化学淬灭系数(qP).低浓度的Cu2+(≤1μmoL·L-1)能提高芥菜叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量以及净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cs)和蒸腾速率(Tr);高浓度的cu2+(≥10μmol·L-1)使得芥菜叶片叶绿素(Chl)、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量以及净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)下降.叶绿素荧光分析表明,当铜浓度低于1 μmol·L-1时,PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和子叶产量(Yield)升高,当铜浓度高于10 μmol·L-1时降低,而最小荧光(Fo)和非光化学淬灭系数(qN)变化趋势与之相反.叶绿素a/b值在铜浓度低于10 μmol·L-1时升高,但比值随胁迫继续加剧而下降,两者间呈显著负相关(P<0.05);Car/Chl值在铜浓度小于50μmol·L-1时随浓度的增加而增大,之后则随铜浓度的增加而下降,两者呈极显著负相关(P<0.01).铜浓度与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量、Fv/Fm、qP和Yield均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与Pn、Cs、Tr呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而铜浓度与Fo和qN分别呈显著和极显著正相关.     

缺磷胁迫对温州蜜柑光合作用的光抑制研究（二）

 用不同磷水平的营养液处理温州蜜柑后,测定其叶绿素荧光的非光化学猝灭3组分和505 nm光吸收的模拟日变化,对比了DDT处理温州蜜柑叶片后的初始荧光、电子传递速率、量子产量及与光抑制有关的qNs. 结果表明,缺磷胁迫加重了光合作用的光抑制,并且光合机构主要通过非光化学猝灭中依赖叶黄素循环方式和跨内囊体膜的质子梯度方式耗散过剩光能。     

Assessment of Photochemical Reflectance Index as a Tool for Evaluation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Cotton and Peanut Cultivars Under Water Stress Condition

The relationships between photochemical reflectance index （PRI） and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were examined to assess suitability of PRI as a remote-sensing tool for the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using cotton and peanut crops under water stress condition. Five cotton and six peanut cultivars were grown using Andosole soil in pots maintained at two water levels; the control and water stress treatment （WS） of 100 and 50% of the daily transpiration, respectively. Higher non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） was exhibited by peanut than that of cotton by the water stress. On the other hand, the decreases of the actual quantum yield of photosystem II （△F/F＇m） and PRI by the water stress in cotton were larger than those in peanut. There were positively significant correlation coefficients between PRI and △F/F＇m in cotton at noon and in the afternoon including the control and WS. The correlations of PRI with NPQ were negatively significant at noon and in the afternoon for cotton, and in the afternoon for peanut. No clear relationship was found among these parameters in the morning probably due to the diurnal increase in global solar radiation. It was concluded that there would be a possibility to detect the effects of water stress on △F/F＇m and NPQ by PRI with some exceptions, although PRI could not note varietals differences in △F/F＇m and NPQ for each treatment.     

番茄凝集素荧光光谱学研究

用内源荧光测定和不带电荷的极性淬灭剂丙烯酰胺以及带电荷的I-离子、Cs+对番茄凝集素内源荧光进行淬灭研究,以揭示凝集素与小分子物质相互作用以及凝集素荧光生色基团的分布情况。结果表明,天然番茄凝集素在280nm和295nm激发时均显示λmax为332nm的荧光发射光谱,表明凝集素荧光生色基团位于相对疏水的环境中;中性淬灭剂丙烯酰胺对凝集素分子的荧光生色基团Trp残基的可接近程度为93.41%,而对阳离子淬灭剂Cs+离子的可接近程度为57.14%,阴离子淬灭剂不能淬灭凝集素的内源荧光,表明番茄凝集素荧光氨基酸残基约43%位于分子内部的疏水核心,57%位于分子近表面的疏水袋中,且氨基酸残基周围有大量的碱性氨基酸分布。     

牙轮失效分析研究

研究在使用过程中钻井牙轮提前断裂的原因.牙轮的材料为20Ni4Mo,热处理工艺为气体渗碳再进行780℃淬火+低温回火.利用化学分析、金相检验、硬度计及扫描电镜等方法对20Ni4Mo渗碳钢制矿用牙轮的断裂原因进行了分析.结果表明:牙轮断裂的主要原因为渗碳及热处理工艺不当,另一原因是牙轮基体存在硫化物等非金属夹杂物.为了检验牙轮的淬火工艺,将20Ni4Mo钢原材料分别在780和850℃进行淬火实验,结果证明780℃淬火工艺不合理.     

铝合金挤压型材淬火模拟研究及工艺参数的改进

为了解决“U”形铝合金型材在喷水淬火过程中因冷却速度不均匀而导致型材截面变形的问题,基于FLUENT和ANSYS-WORKBENCH软件平台,建立了“U”形挤压型材在喷水冷却过程的有限元模型.分析了3种不同喷嘴速度大小方案下型材淬火冷却过程的温度场、残余应力和变形等变化规律.结果表明:经工艺参数优化后,型材截面上不同部位喷嘴速度大小设计更合理,淬火冷却过程中型材的温度场和等效应力分布更均匀,最大等效应力最小,型材的变形最小.通过有限元分析能较好地改进型材淬火冷却过程中喷嘴速度大小及分布,为实际挤压生产过程提供指导.     

一类二阶半线性椭圆方程边值问题正解的熄灭现象

讨论了一类二阶半线性椭圆方程u″（t）＋ρ（t）f（u（t））=0的第一类边值问题：μ″（t）＋ρ（t）f（u（t））=0,u（t0）=u（t1）=0,0〈t0〈t1〈＋∞的径向正解的熄灭现象。在假设条件f∈C1（0＋∞）,f（t）／tλ在（0＋∞）上非增,λ∈[0,1）下通过变量代换与构造积分等式得到该问题的径向正解出现熄灭现象的充要条件。