AhaP,A Quorum Quenching Acylase from Psychrobacter sp. M9-54-1 That Attenuates Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio coralliilyticus Virulence

Although Psychrobacter strain M9-54-1 had been previously isolated from the microbiota of holothurians and shown to degrade quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules C6 and C10-homoserine lactone (HSL), little was known about the gene responsible for this activity. In this study, we determined the whole genome sequence of this strain and found that the full 16S rRNA sequence shares 99.78–99.66% identity with Psychrobacter pulmonis CECT 5989^T and P. faecalis ISO-46^T. M9-54-1, evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay method, showed high quorum quenching (QQ) activity against a wide range of synthetic N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHLs) at 4, 15, and 28 °C. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS) confirmed that QQ activity was due to an AHL-acylase. The gene encoding for QQ activity in strain M9-54-1 was identified from its genome sequence whose gene product was named AhaP. Purified AhaP degraded substituted and unsubstituted AHLs from C4- to C14-HSL. Furthermore, heterologous expression of ahaP in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 reduced the expression of the QS-controlled gene lecA, encoding for a cytotoxic galactophilic lectin and swarming motility protein. Strain M9-54-1 also reduced brine shrimp mortality caused by Vibrio coralliilyticus VibC-Oc-193, showing potential as a biocontrol agent in aquaculture.     

Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sponges: Fundamentals and Applications

Marine sponges are sessile invertebrates that can be found in temperate, polar and tropical regions. They are known to be major contributors of bioactive compounds, which are discovered in and extracted from the marine environment. The compounds extracted from these sponges are known to exhibit various bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antitumor and general cytotoxicity. For example, various compounds isolated from Theonella swinhoei have showcased various bioactivities, such as those that are antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal. In this review, we discuss bioactive compounds that have been identified from marine sponges that showcase the ability to act as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-malarial and antifungal agents against human pathogens and fish pathogens in the aquaculture industry. Moreover, the application of such compounds as antimicrobial agents in other veterinary commodities, such as poultry, cattle farming and domesticated cats, is discussed, along with a brief discussion regarding the mode of action of these compounds on the targeted sites in various pathogens. The bioactivity of the compounds discussed in this review is focused mainly on compounds that have been identified between 2000 and 2020 and includes the novel compounds discovered from 2018 to 2021.     

Preliminary Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Super Hybrid Rice P88S/0389

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration.     

细菌群体感应抑制剂研究进展

多重耐药菌的出现已成为农业防治植物病害的一大难题,目前急需发展新的防治策略。群体感应 (quorum sensing, QS) 是一种微生物之间普遍存在的依赖于菌体密度的沟通协调机制,控制着细菌的生长、增殖、致病性、生物被膜形成及相关群体活动行为。群体感应抑制剂在抑制细菌毒性基因表达时不会对细菌生长产生压力,从而避免了细菌耐药性的产生。这一新颖的抑菌机制使其在开发新型农药方面有很大潜力。本文着重介绍了细菌群体感应机制、天然的及合成的细菌群体感应抑制剂种类及其应用。     

凡纳滨对虾养殖体系中群体感应淬灭菌的筛选、安全性评估及发酵条件优化

从凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamai)养殖体系中筛选得到具有群体感应淬灭(Quorum quenching, QQ)活性的潜在功能菌,并对菌株进行16S rDNA鉴定、安全性评估及发酵条件优化。采用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens) A136液体X-gal法进行活性菌株筛选,发现2株细菌(BDZ5和W1B)的发酵液对信号分子己酰基高丝氨酸内酯(C6-HSL)具有显著的降解作用,但经沸水浴处理后均丧失降解活性。经16S rDNA基因序列分析,菌株BDZ5和W1B分别被鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和科贝特氏菌属(Cobetia)。安全性评估结果显示,菌株BDZ5和W1B均无溶血性,且对多数抗生素具有敏感性,注射2株活性菌未提高凡纳滨对虾死亡率,且对凡纳滨对虾血清免疫酶活性无显著影响。单因素条件优化结果显示,在起始pH为7.0、盐度为20、0.0005%的MnCl2条件下培养48 h后,菌株BDZ5达到最大生长量;在起始pH为6.0、盐度为40、0.05%的CaCl2条件下培养48 h,菌株W1B达到最大生长量。2株菌的最适信号分子C6-HSL降解条件与其生长条件有所不同,在起始pH为7.5、盐度为30、0.0005%的MnCl2条件下培养48 h,2株活性菌对信号分子C6-HSL的降解率达到最大值。研究表明,菌株BDZ5和W1B可作为益生菌应用于水产养殖,为基于QQ角度防治对虾细菌性病害提供优良菌种。     

申氏杆菌37-1中群体感应淬灭内酯酶AiiS的功能分析

许多植物病原细菌通过群体感应(quorum sensing,QS)系统调控相关毒性因子的表达,而群体感应淬灭(quorum quenching,QQ)是通过干扰QS系统,达到防治植物细菌性病害的重要策略之一.本研究利用原位培养法分离得到2000多株不同菌株形态的植物根围细菌,结合QS系统信号分子检测平板筛选到7株具有Q...     

群体感应分子——法尼醇与白色念珠菌的相互作用

群体感应最早在细菌中发现,近年来也陆续发现存在于真菌中。群体感应中的关键信号分子被称为群体感应分子,是由微生物自身所分泌、感知、响应并作用于其自身,在引起反应的浓度时对其自身没有毒性的一类物质。法尼醇是白色念珠菌的群体感应分子,影响白色念珠菌的耐药性、菌丝形成、黏附力和凋亡;影响白色念珠菌宿主机体的免疫及宿主细胞的凋亡。此外,白色念珠菌对法尼醇具有高于其他真菌的耐受性,但这种机制尚不明确。目前对群体感应分子法尼醇的作用机制缺乏了解,本文就群体感应分子法尼醇与白色念珠菌之间的相互作用展开综述。     

铝合金挤压型材淬火模拟研究及工艺参数的改进

为了解决“U”形铝合金型材在喷水淬火过程中因冷却速度不均匀而导致型材截面变形的问题，基于FLUENT和ANSYS-WORKBENCH软件平台，建立了“U”形挤压型材在喷水冷却过程的有限元模型.分析了3种不同喷嘴速度大小方案下型材淬火冷却过程的温度场、残余应力和变形等变化规律.结果表明:经工艺参数优化后，型材截面上不同部位喷嘴速度大小设计更合理，淬火冷却过程中型材的温度场和等效应力分布更均匀,最大等效应力最小,型材的变形最小.通过有限元分析能较好地改进型材淬火冷却过程中喷嘴速度大小及分布,为实际挤压生产过程提供指导.     

PSII photochemistry is the primary target of oxidative stress imposed by ozone in Tilia americana

Trees are essential in the urban environment not only because of their aesthetic and social values, but also for their effects on air quality. Data of the present experiment show some of the integrated mechanisms that may confer sensitivity/tolerance in Tilia americana saplings exposed to ozone treatment (120 ppb, 5 h day^?1 for 45 consecutive days) in order to improve the management of green spaces responding to oxidative stress. At the end of exposure, plants do not exhibit any foliar symptoms. Profiles related to membrane injury, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, pigment content and enzymes/metabolites linked to the synthesis of phenylpropanoids show a vulnerability in terms of: (i) change in the ionic and solute reactions of the membrane cells (maximum value of +34%, 28 days after the beginning of fumigation, compared to controls); (ii) inhibition of the carbon assimilation (?41%), mostly as a consequence of non-stomatal limitation of assimilation rate; (iii) progressive inhibition of the Calvin cycle, as demonstrated by decreases in Rubisco carboxylation efficiency and regeneration capacity (?35 and ?21%, respectively, at the end of exposure), quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII and in the fraction of energy passively dissipated as heat and fluorescence (?34% and ?31%); (iv) senescence process (decline in demand for reducing power and energy at the end of treatment); (v) damage to the chlorophyll pigment system. However, the activation of xanthophylls cycle and phenylpropanoid metabolism, that can be considered a strategy in plants in order to regulate light absorbed energy and to scavenge reactive oxygen species does not preserve PSII photochemistry from impairment at the end of exposure.     

Production of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease toxin is affected by addition of cell‐free supernatant prepared from AI‐2‐producing Vibrio harveyi mutant

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) causes massive mortality in shrimp ponds within the first month poststocking. The causative agent is a specific strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP_AHPND) that has acquired the capability to produce virulent binary toxins called ToxA and ToxB. This study aims to test the effect of the addition of an autoinducer‐2‐containing cell‐free supernatant (CFS) from the mutant Vibrio harveyi (VH) on growth and toxin production of VP_AHPND. The relative AI‐2‐like activity in CFS was detected by luminescence assay. The effect of CFS (5 and 9%) on growth and toxin production of VP_AHPND was evaluated. Compared to the control culture (without CFS‐VH addition), the addition of either 5 or 9% CFS‐VH affected the growth at the initial stage of VP_AHPND. Similar growth profiles of VP_AHPND were found with the addition of CFS‐VH at both concentrations. Western blot analysis suggests that the addition of CFS‐VH affected the production of both toxins. ToxA could be detected at the early hour post‐CFS‐VH inoculation, whereas the high amount of ToxB was detected when 5% CFS‐VH was added. However, interfering with the AI‐2 function with furanone, the AI‐2 antagonist resulted in a slight delay in the production of both toxins. Results from this study will help to design a novel strategy to control AHPND in shrimp culture.