水稻病原菌Burkholderia plantarii群体感应和群体淬灭研究进展

植物伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia plantarii是引起水稻秧苗细菌性立枯病的重要病原菌之一,其侵染性、繁殖力及适应性均很强,严重威胁中国水稻生产。文章围绕B.plantarii的发生、危害及致病机理,着重论述了细菌群体感应系统(quorum sensing,QS)的生理功能及其在B.plantarii致病力调控方面的最新研究进展,并进一步从根际微生物互作角度,综述了种间信号分子对病原菌群体淬灭(quorum quenching)的作用机制,同时结合种间信号分子的独特性,展望了其在新型微生物杀菌剂研发中的重要性和应用潜力。     

Marine-Derived Quorum-Sensing Inhibitory Activities Enhance the Antibacterial Efficacy of Tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bacterial epiphytes isolated from marine eukaryotes were screened for the production of quorum sensing inhibitory compounds (QSIs). Marine isolate KS8, identified as a Pseudoalteromonas sp., was found to display strong quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) activity against acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-based reporter strains Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 and CV026. KS8 supernatant significantly reduced biofilm biomass during biofilm formation (−63%) and in pre-established, mature P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms (−33%). KS8 supernatant also caused a 0.97-log reduction (−89%) and a 2-log reduction (−99%) in PAO1 biofilm viable counts in the biofilm formation assay and the biofilm eradication assay respectively. The crude organic extract of KS8 had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mg/mL against PAO1 but no minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was observed over the concentration range tested (MBC > 16 mg/mL). Sub-MIC concentrations (1 mg/mL) of KS8 crude organic extract significantly reduced the quorum sensing (QS)-dependent production of both pyoverdin and pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa PAO1 without affecting growth. A combinatorial approach using tobramycin and the crude organic extract at 1 mg/mL against planktonic P. aeruginosa PAO1 was found to increase the efficacy of tobramycin ten-fold, decreasing the MIC from 0.75 to 0.075 µg/mL. These data support the validity of approaches combining conventional antibiotic therapy with non-antibiotic compounds to improve the efficacy of current treatments.     

全自动链轴高频淬火机床设计

根据锯链链轴热处理的技术要求,设计出全自动链轴高频淬火机床.其采用机械手握持链轴送进淬火,气压传动实现工序动作,并由电脑编程的主控制器来控制全部工序过程.实践表明,使用该机床后劳动生产率和链轴淬火质量都有显著提高.     

Microbial regulation in gorgonian corals

Gorgonian corals possess many novel natural products that could potentially mediate coral-bacterial interactions. Since many bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) signals to facilitate colonization of host organisms, regulation of prokaryotic cell-to-cell communication may represent an important bacterial control mechanism. In the present study, we examined extracts of twelve species of Caribbean gorgonian corals, for mechanisms that regulate microbial colonization, such as antibacterial activity and QS regulatory activity. Ethanol extracts of gorgonians collected from Puerto Rico and the Florida Keys showed a range of both antibacterial and QS activities using a specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS reporter, sensitive to long chain AHLs and a short chain N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHL) biosensor, Chromobacterium violaceium. Overall, the gorgonian corals had higher antimicrobial activity against non-marine strains when compared to marine strains. Pseudopterogorgia americana, Pseusopterogorgia acerosa, and Pseudoplexuara flexuosa had the highest QS inhibitory effect. Interestingly, Pseudoplexuara porosa extracts stimulated QS activity with a striking 17-fold increase in signal. The stimulation of QS by P. porosa or other elements of the holobiont may encourage colonization or recruitment of specific microbial species. Overall, these results suggest the presence of novel stimulatory QS, inhibitory QS and bactericidal compounds in gorgonian corals. A better understanding of these compounds may reveal insight into coral-microbial ecology and whether a therapeutic potential exists.     

40Cr亚温淬火研究进展

文章简述了40Cr钢的亚温淬火工艺对力学性能及组织的影响,并重点论述了亚温淬火工艺提高力学性能的机制。     

模拟冷链温度波动对CdTe量子点荧光淬灭性能的影响

为了探索CdTe量子点在冷链储运过程中的荧光淬灭性能,分别研究了贮藏温度(25、4、-5和-20℃)、温度波动幅度(4℃波动至25℃和40℃)以及波动频率(每30min和60min波动)等因素对其的影响程度.研究结果表明,贮藏温度及时间对量子点荧光淬灭有显著影响(P＜0.05),贮藏温度越高,量子点荧光淬灭速度越快;冷链环境模拟试验发现冷链温度波动幅度越大、波动频率越高,量子点荧光淬灭速度越快,这与食品品质变化特点极其相似;且贮藏温度、温度波动幅度和频率对量子点HSV值有显著影响.研究结论表明,CdTe量子点在食品冷链储运监控方面具有一定的应用潜力.     

克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌群体感应系统缺失对合成2,3丁二醇的影响

通过同源重组技术敲除克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌的luxS基因,使其群体感应系统失活,研究突变株在2,3-丁二醇发酵培养基中的生长状况及对2,3-丁二醇合成的影响;同时检测对其他副产物合成的影响,通过对野生株和luxS突变株发酵合成2,3-丁二醇的结果进行研究发现,与野生株相比,失去了群体感应功能的luxS突变株利用同样质量浓度的葡萄糖合成2,3-丁二醇的能力提高了47.75%,同时琥珀酸、乳酸和乙醇等主要副产物的质量浓度大幅降低。     

N-己酰高丝氨酸内酯对马铃薯生长及抗软腐病能力的影响

[目的]研究细菌个体间通讯信号N-己酰高丝氨酸内酯（C6-HSL）是否可以影响植物的生长和抗病能力。[方法]以马铃薯脱毒苗为试验材料,C6-HSL为诱导剂研究了经不同浓度C6-HSL处理后,马铃薯生长、抵抗胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌浸染的情况,特别研究了C6-HSL对植株标志性防御酶活性和H2O2含量的影响。[结果]不同浓度的C6-HSL能明显抑制马铃薯的出根率和生根数。而对株高、茎节数及叶片大小没有影响;植物标志性防御酶类中POD和SOD的活性以及H2O2的产生量经C6-HSL诱导后显著提高,而PAL和PPO的活性则没有明显变化;抗痛试验中,经C6-HSL诱导的马铃薯植株能有效抑制胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌的侵染,发病率明显低于对照组。[结论]细菌AHL有可能成为一种新的植物抗病激活剂。     

链球菌生物膜形成中的群感效应

链球菌是一群种类多样的革兰氏阳性细菌,定殖在人的表皮、粘膜及牙齿表面。许多链球菌由感受态刺激肽（competence-stimulating peptide,CSP）介导的群感效应（quorum sensing,QS）与形成遗传转化的感受态有关。近期研究表明许多细菌的CSP与细胞密度适应性反应（如感受态与生物膜的形成）直接相关。本文综述了由群感效应介导生物膜形成的链球菌,充分阐明CSP功能,从感受态的形成到其它与细胞密度有关的表型,包括对生物膜形成的影响,以便对CSP的作用有新的理解,为研发新型抗生物膜感染药物、提出有效的生物膜感染防制策略提供理论基础。     

免耕播种机开沟圆盘水射流淬火工艺数值模拟及验证

针对免耕播种机开沟圆盘整体淬火后硬度不足且易翘曲变形的问题,该文提出一种水冲击射流淬火方法,利用DEFORM软件对开沟圆盘淬火过程中的硬度和翘曲变形量进行数值模拟,分析了射流阵列参数(喷嘴间距、喷嘴直径和射流速度)对淬火结果的影响,并对工艺参数的优选数值进行了试验验证,二者显示了较好的一致性。结果表明:喷嘴间距是关键工艺参数,当喷嘴间距取4~5 mm时,开沟圆盘可以整体淬透,硬度达到45~49 HRC。开沟圆盘的变形量与喷嘴间距呈抛物线关系,当喷嘴间距取5~6 mm时,变形量达到最大值1.80×10-2~3.30×10-2 mm,淬透后变形量较小。随射流速度的增大,开沟圆盘硬度及变形量均增加,当射流速度为1~6 m/s时,增幅较大,当射流速度6 m/s时,增幅趋缓。在喷嘴直径为4~12 mm范围内,开沟圆盘硬度及变形量均随喷嘴直径加大而增加。优化后的工艺参数为:喷嘴间距为4~5 mm,喷嘴直径为6~8 mm,射流速度为3~6 m/s;此时,开沟圆盘硬度可达45~49 HRC,变形量为1.28×10-2~2.49×10-2 mm。