Autosomal inheritance of deltamethrin resistance in field populations of Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Argentina

BACKGROUND: Triatoma infestans (Klug) is the major Chagas disease vector in the Southern Cone area of South America, and its chemical control is based on the use of pyrethroid insecticides. Resistance to deltamethrin in Salta Province, Argentina, has been detected in field populations since 2002, causing the failure of vector control campaigns in this disease‐endemic area. The inheritance of deltamethrin resistance in T. infestans was evaluated through reciprocal crosses conducted between resistant and susceptible insects. RESULTS: The response of the reciprocally mated insects' progeny to deltamethrin was intermediate between the highly resistant and the susceptible parent colonies. Lack of significant differences between the LD₅₀ and resistance ratios of the reciprocally mated insects indicated no sex linkage on this trait. CONCLUSION: Bioassay results, in addition to degree of dominance calculations, suggest that the resistance to deltamethrin in T. infestans is controlled by semi‐dominant, autosomally inherited factors. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

菊酯类农药残留的快速测定

研究开发出了一种能够简单、快速、准确检测样品中菊酯类农药残留量的方法,可用于甲氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、联苯菊酯的初步测定。通过与色谱法的测定结果比较,验证了该方法的可行性。整个测定时间不超过4h,降低了检测时间,检测效果理想。平均加标回收率能控制在84．0％～115．0％之间,检出限为0．25mg／kg,可用于蔬菜中菊酯类农药的残留量初筛试验。该法使用方便,操作简单、快速,节省时间,节省人力,减少大量工作,加快检测速度。     

蔬菜中菊酯类农药残留量的监测

研究了蔬菜中菊酯类农药残留量的气相色谱监测方法。采用乙腈作为提取剂。蔬菜样品经处理后,注入气相色谱仪中,采用石英毛细管柱,电子捕获检测器检测,用外标法定量。结果表明:甲氰菊酯的回收率为84.2%～100.6%,RSD为1.83%～5.47%;氯氰菊酯的回收率为84.7%～102.7%,RSD为1.05%～4.11%;氰戊菊酯的回收率为87.8%～103.7%,RSD为2.58%～3.87%;溴氰菊酯的回收率为83.0%～101.2%,RSD为1.98%～4.86%。该方法快速、简便、选择性好,监测结果准确可靠。     

拟除虫菊酯类农药在人参中的多残留方法研究

建立了人参样品中氯菊酯、联苯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯7种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的多残留气相色谱分析方法（GC）,用乙腈提取人参样品,石墨炭黑-氨基串联柱净化,经DB-1701石英毛细管柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）分离后,采用GC-μECD测定。结果表明在0.05~1 mg/kg的线性范围内,相关系数（r）分别为0.9993、0.9995、0.9992、0.9996、0.9988、0.9993、0.9993。测定结果高、中、低3个水平的平均回收率在79.1%~103.3%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在3.6~9.7之间,检出限在0.0008~0.03 mg/kg之间。方法简便、快速、净化效果好,适合人参中痕量拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的同时测定。     

菊酯类农药在稻田使用初探（一）——拟除虫菊酯类农药防治水稻害虫药效试验

本文通过小区试验和大田示范,研究拟除虫菊酯类农药在稻田使用对防治稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟、三化螟的药效,并与甲胺磷的防治效果进行比较,为稻田取代高毒农药做有益尝试。     

6个城市的蔬菜农药残留检测分析

采用农药多残留快速检测技术,用气相色谱(FPD和ECD)检测了宜昌等6个城市8个蔬菜品种54个蔬菜样品中有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留.结果表明,有21个样品检出农药,检出率为38.9%.其中有4个样品超标,超标率为7.4%.农药生产销售监管不严是造成蔬菜农药残留超标的主要原因.大力推广无公害、绿色蔬菜生产技术,引导农民合理正确用药是解决问题的重要途径.     

拟除虫菊酯立体异构体的色谱分析研究

将手性菊酸或菊酯制备成非手性的菊酰胺或薄荷醇酯,经荧光硅胶薄层色谱纯化后,在3％QF-1气相色谱柱或Lichrozorb Si-60高效液相色谱柱上,分别实现了3种菊酸、5种菊酯32种立体异构体的分离测定。其最低检出浓度为1～10ppb,保留时间4～34分钟,需分析样品5～200mg。     

Trends in the use of pesticides and pestiside residues on Queensland wool

Objective To determine the amounts of organophosphorous and synthetic pyrethroid residues on Queensland wool sampled between 1995 and 1997, and to study if pesticide use changed during the period.
Design Estimated amounts of residues were obtained from a survey of Queensland wool clips, and information on pesticide use was obtained from a trace-back postal survey of flock managers.
Procedure Trends in amounts of residues over time were assessed using analysis of variance and simple linear regression models, and changes in pesticide use was assessed using x² tests.
Results Significant linear reductions in organophosphorous (P = 0.0012), synthetic pyrethroid (P = 0.0044) and total (P = 0.0002) residues were detected. The proportion of woolgrowers treating for louse infestation (P = 0.0046) treating twice or more (P = 0.0006) and treating more than 4 months after shearing (P = 0.0001) decreased between 1994 and 1997. However, the proportion of growers who treated for blowfly strike (P = 0.0124) and used insect growth regulator pesticides increased (P < 0.0001). The use of handjetting to apply pesticides for blowfly strike control increased and the use of dips decreased (P < 0.0001).
Conclusion Residues of organophosphorous compounds and synthetic pyrethroids reduced in Queensland wool between 1994 and 1997. Although woolgrowers treated for louse infestation less, pesticide use to control blowfly strike increased. The increasing use of insect growth regulators in the industry needs to be monitored.     

Involvement of a sodium channel mutation in pyrethroid resistance in Cydia pomonella L, and development of a diagnostic test

Populations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) have developed resistance to several classes of insecticide such as benzoylureas, juvenile hormone analogues, ecdysone agonists and pyrethroids, but the corresponding resistance mechanisms have not been extensively studied. Knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides has been associated with point mutations in the para sodium channel gene in a great variety of insect pest species. We have studied two susceptible strains (S and Sv) and two resistant strains (Rt and Rv) of C pomonella that exhibited 4- and 80-fold resistance ratios to deltamethrin, respectively. The region of the voltage-dependent sodium channel gene which includes the position where kdr and super-kdr mutations have been found in Musca domestica L was amplified. The kdr mutation, a leucine-to-phenylalanine replacement at position 1014, was found only in the Rv strain. In contrast, the super-kdr mutation, a methionine-to-threonine replacement at position 918, was not detected in any C pomonella strain. These data allowed us to develop a PCR-based diagnostic test (PASA) to monitor the frequency of the kdr mutation in natural populations of C pomonella in order to define appropriate insecticide treatments in orchards.