Effect of Pesticides On Certain Soil Biological and Biochemical Indices of a Paddy Soil

A 21-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of pesticides (Triazophos, Butaehlor and Jinggangmycin) on a paddy field soil health under controlled moisture (flooded soil) and temperature (25℃ ) conditions. The electron transport system (ETS)/dehydrogenase activity displayed a negative correlation with pesticides concentrations, and the activity was affected adversely as the concentration of the pesticides increased. The higher doses of pesticides,5 and 10 folds field rates, significantly inhibited ETS activity, while lower rates failed to produce any significant reducing effect against the control. The relative toxicity level of pesticides in decreasing the ETS activity was in the following order:Triazophos＞Jinggangmycin＞Butachlor, irrespective of their rates of application. The pesticides caused an improvement in the soil phenol content and it increased with increasing the concentration of agrochemicals. The pesticide incorporation did not produce any significant change in soil protein content. The response of biomass phospholipid content was nearly similar to ETS activity. The phospholipid content was decreased with the addition of pesticides in the given order of Triazophos＞Jinggangmycin＞Butachlor; and the toxicity was in the order: 10 FR (times of field rate)＞5 FR＞1.0 FR＞0.5 FR＞control.     

生物技术在水稻蛋白质改良上的应用

稻米是我国人民的主要食品，但其蛋白质含量低、质量差，满足不了人们对蛋白质总量的需求。长期以来。人们一直采用传统的育种方法来选育高蛋白质的水稻新品种。但收效不大。近年来，随着生物技术的飞速发展和不断完善，应用生物技术方法改良水稻蛋白质已逐步变为现实，并显示出了诱人的前景。本文根据近年来研究报道的资料。分析了水稻蛋白质改良的必要性，综述了应用基因工程、细胞工程等生物技术方法在水稻蛋白质改良方面的研究进展，并对今后的研究提出建议。     

Preparation nutritional value and acceptability of barleyrabadi — an indigenous fermented food of India

Rabadi fermentation of barley flour-buttermilk mixture (fresh and autoclaved) at 30, 35 and 40°C for 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 h lowered pH, enhanced titratable acidity and did not change fat and total mineral (Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and P) content. Protein content of fermented fresh as well as autoclaved barley flour-buttermilk mixture either decreased or remained unchanged.Rabadi prepared from both types of barley flour at different temperatures and time periods was acceptable; but that which was fermented at 40°C for 48 h was less acceptable in terms of taste.     

Effect of fermentation on sorghum protein fractions and in vitro protein digestibility

Changes in pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and proteins ofDabar sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (Linn) Moench.) during naturalfermentation at 37 ^°C for up to 36 h were monitored. The pH ofthe fermenting material decreased sharply with a concomitant increase in the titratable acidity. Total soluble solids increased with progressivefermentation time. The crude protein and non-protein nitrogen slightlyincreased during the last stages of fermentation. The in vitroprotein digestibility markedly increased as a result of fermentation.The globulin plus albumin fractions increased significantly (p 0.05)during the first 8 h of fermentation. Kaffirin fraction decreasedduring the first 8 h of fermentation but increased sharply as fermentationprogressed. Cross-linked kaffirins fluctuated during the fermentationprocess. Glutelin like protein, which was the minor fraction, trueglutelins, the second most abundant fraction, together with non-extractableproteins fluctuated during the fermentation process.     

Buckwheat Seed Milling Fractions: Description, Macronutrient Composition and Dietary Fibre

The structure of the mature buckwheat achene and groat is discussed in relation to milling fractions and nutritional composition. Whole groats contain 55% starch, 12% protein, 4% lipid, 2% soluble carbohydrates, 7% total dietary fiber (TDF), 2% ash, and 18% other components (organic acids, phenolic compounds, tannins, phosphorylated sugars, nucleotides and nucleic acids, unknown compounds). The composition of the milling fractions reflects the relative abundance of seed tissues. Starch is concentrated in the central endosperm. Protein, oil, soluble carbohydrates and minerals are concentrated in the embryo. Commercial «Fancy» flour, a light-coloured flour, is mostly central endosperm and contains 75% starch, 6% protein, 1% lipid, 1% soluble carbohydrates, 3% TDF, 1% ash, and 13% other components. Although the embryo traverses the central endosperm, during milling parts of the embryo separate with the aleurone and seed coat in the bran fraction. Bran, with little central endosperm, contains 18% starch, 36% protein, 11% lipid, 6% soluble carbohydrates, 15% TDF, 7% ash, and 7% other components. Buckwheat bran also is a rich source of TDF and soluble dietary fibre (SDF), particularly bran with hull fragments (40% TDF of which 25% is SDF), while bran without hull fragments has 16% TDF of which 75% is SDF.     

绿色荧光蛋白基因在植病研究中的应用

综述了绿色荧光蛋白基因在植物病害研究中的应用及进展。重点分析了绿色荧光蛋白基因在病原菌的检测、侵染与定殖、致病基因的表达及构建抗性植株的筛选中的应用,提出了绿色荧光蛋白基因在应用中存在的问题以及在植物病害研究领域展现出的巨大潜力。     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1株OmpA基因表达与抗原性鉴定

为了研究禽多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)外膜蛋白A(Omp A)的免疫原性,根据C48-1菌株Omp A基因序列设计一对特异性引物,采用PCR方法扩增去信号肽的成熟Omp A基因.将去信号肽的成熟Omp A基因扩增片段双酶切后,克隆到p GEX-6p-1表达载体中,构建重组表达质粒p GEX-Omp A,转化宿主菌BL21并经异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达.SDS-PAGE的结果显示,融合蛋白GST-Omp A大小约为63 ku,与预期的分子质量相符.免疫印迹分析结果表明,该融合蛋白与鸡抗Pm血清具有明显的免疫反应,说明Omp A具有良好的抗原性,这为禽Pm Omp A在免疫防御研究中的应用奠定了基础.     

稻瘟菌粗毒素对水稻幼苗生理生化的影响

为了检验不同稻瘟菌株粗毒素对杂交水稻生理影响的差异,以稻瘟菌XP、MY菌株不同浓度的粗毒素浸根处理水稻冈优725和B优827的幼苗,并对其防御酶POD和可溶性蛋白进行分析比较。结果表明:稻瘟菌2个菌株的不同毒素浓度均对水稻幼苗的POD活性和可溶性蛋白含量有明显影响,POD均表现出先升高后降低的变化规律;高浓度的毒素处理后,2个水稻品种的可溶性蛋白含量随时间的推移明显降低,但是B优827的可溶性蛋白含量明显高于冈优725,其POD变化与冈优725相比较平缓;B优827对稻瘟菌粗毒素的耐受力强于冈优725。     

Bt杀虫蛋白基因在转基因油菜中的动态表达与其抗虫性研究

采用ELISA方法检测Bt杀虫基因在转基因油菜植株中的表达。试验结果表明：在第3至9叶期Bt杀虫蛋白基因在转基因油菜植株中稳定、高效地表达,Bt杀虫蛋白的表达量为170ng/25mg-260ng/25mg鲜叶,占植物可溶性蛋白的0．067％－0．105％,其抗早效果高达42．5％－80．0％。但从第11叶期后Bt杀虫蛋白表达量显著地降低,只有7ng/25mg-50ng/25mg鲜叶,占植物可溶性蛋白的0．03％－0．02％。