USP14 regulates H2O2 induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells

AIM:To evaluate the effect of inhibiting ubiquitin-specific protease 14(USPl4) activity on oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ of H9c2 cells.METHODS:The H9c2 cells were incubated with H₂O₂ at 25 μmol/L for 2 h to establish the oxidative stress injury model.The cells were divided into control group,H₂O₂ group,IU1 group (25 μmol/L or 50 μmol/L) and IU1+H₂O₂ group.The H9c2 cells activity was measured by MTS assay.The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell survival rate were analyzed by flow cytometry assay.The changes of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family related proteins were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the cell activity and the viability rate in H₂O₂ group were decreased (P<0.05),while the intracellular ROS,the protein levels of Bax/Bcl-2,P53,p-ERK1/2,p-JNK and p-P38 were increased (P<0.05).Compared with H₂O₂ group,the cell activity and the viability rate of the H9c2 cells in IU1+H₂O₂ group were increased (P<0.05),while the intracellular ROS,the protein levels of Bax/Bcl-2,P53,p-ERK1/2,p-JNK and p-P38 were decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Inhibition of USPl4 activity reduces the oxidative stress injury of the H9c2 cells.The mechanism may be related to inhibition of the MAPK signaling and down-regulation of apoptosis related proteins.     

中性蛋白酶制备酪蛋白抗菌肽的研究

为了替代抗生素的广泛使用,防止病原菌耐药性大大提高,开发酪蛋白抗菌肽新型抗菌剂。本研究利用中性蛋白酶水解酪蛋白,以中性蛋白酶浓度、酶解时间、酶解温度、pH值为影响因子,在单因素试验结果的基础上,应用Centure-composite Design中心组合方法进行四因素三水平的实验设计,以酪蛋白水解液抑菌圈直径为响应值,运用响应面法对水解条件进行进一步的优化。结果表明：酶解温度、酶浓度、酶解时间、pH对酪蛋白水解液抑菌圈直径影响显著;酪蛋白抗菌肽制备的最佳工艺为：水解温度为50℃,酶浓度为3.73%,pH 7.9,酶解时间为130 min。回归方程预测酪蛋白水解液抑菌圈直径理论值可达到21.93 mm,3次验证实验的平均抑菌圈直径为21.91 mm,与理论最大值接近,可见该模型能较好地预测酪蛋白抗菌肽制备的最佳条件。     

不同发酵水分及菌酶协同发酵对豆粕品质的影响

[目的]探讨不同发酵水分及菌酶协同发酵对豆粕品质的影响。[方法]①采用单因素试验设计,设置5个不同水分处理组,料水比分别为1∶0.4、1∶0.5、1∶0.6、1∶0.7、1∶0.8,每个处理组3个重复;使用复合益生菌（枯草芽孢杆菌∶酵母菌∶粪肠球菌=1∶1∶1）发酵豆粕,通过测定分析发酵豆粕表观特征、营养指标及活菌含量,确定最适料水比。②采用单因素试验设计,设置5个不同中性蛋白酶添加量处理组,添加量分别为0、100、200、400、800 IU/g,每个处理组3个重复,进一步测定发酵豆粕表观特征、营养指标、活菌含量及蛋白质亚基分布,确定最佳中性蛋白酶添加量。[结果]①不同料水比条件下,各处理组发酵豆粕粗蛋白水平无显著（P=0.074）差异,料水比为1∶0.6时粗蛋白含量最高,较发酵前提高了9.39%;随着初始发酵水分的提高,发酵豆粕pH值极显著（P<0.01）降低,乳酸含量及3种菌的存活量极显著（P<0.01）升高,1∶0.6组发酵后乳酸含量显著（P<0.05）高于1∶0.4组和1∶0.5组;复合菌的存活量在料水比为1∶0.8时最高,总量达到1.43×10⁹ CFU/g。结合上述试验结果并考虑工业化生产条件,选择料水比为1∶0.6作为最适发酵水分开展后续试验。②在料水比为1∶0.6条件下,不同蛋白酶添加水平对各组发酵豆粕粗蛋白含量的影响不显著（P>0.05）,但随着蛋白酶添加量的增加,小分子蛋白水平线性提升,在蛋白酶添加量为800 IU/g的处理组中,<30 kDa范围内的蛋白质水平高达65.56%,较未添加组小分子蛋白质含量提高2.61倍;发酵豆粕中3种菌的存活量随着蛋白酶添加量的增加而降低,100 IU/g处理组枯草芽孢杆菌和粪肠球菌的存活量极显著（P<0.01）高于200、400、800 IU/g处理组,酵母菌的存活量极显著（P<0.01）高于400、800 IU/g处理组。[结论]选择料水比为1∶0.6并在底物中添加100 IU/g的中性蛋白酶协同发酵可有效改善豆粕的品质。     

Effects of dietary coated protease on growth performance,feed utilization,nutrient apparent digestibility,intestinal and hepatopancreas structure in juvenile Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protease on growth performance, feed utilization, whole‐body proximate composition, nutrient digestibility, intestinal and hepatopancreas structure of juvenile Gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (mean weight 8.08 ± 0.18 g). Six diets were prepared, including a positive control diet (dietary protein 350 g/kg, PC), one negative control diet (dietary protein 33 g/kg, NC) and four protease supplementations diets, which were 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg protease NC diet. After 12 weeks of diet feeding in indoor recycle aquarium tanks, no significant difference (p > .05) was found on growth performance between fish fed diet with 75–600 mg/kg protease and the PC group. Compared with the fish fed the NC diet, the specific growth rate of fish fed 300 mg/kg protease increased significantly (p < .05), as well as protein efficiency ratios (p < .05), while feed conversion was the opposite (p < .05). The nutrient digestibility of crude protein and lipid was higher (p < .05) in fish fed 150 mg/kg protease diet than the PC diet. Whole‐body proximate composition of fish was not affected (p > .05) by the dietary treatment. Serum alkaline phosphatase and albumin were significantly affected by dietary protease (p < .05), while the content of total protein, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in serum was not affected (p > .05). Foregut muscular thickness was thinner (p < .05), when the fish fed diets supplementation of protease in 150 or 600 mg/kg diet than the NC diet. Protease activities in hepatopancreas and foregut were higher (p < .05), in the fish fed 150 or 300 mg/kg protease diet than the fish fed the PC diet, but those in the mid‐ and hindgut were not significantly affected (p > .05) by the dietary treatments. Based on the regression analysis of weight gain rate, the optimal dietary inclusion level of protease was 400 mg/kg in the diet for juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio.     

细菌群体感应抑制剂研究进展

多重耐药菌的出现已成为农业防治植物病害的一大难题,目前急需发展新的防治策略。群体感应 (quorum sensing, QS) 是一种微生物之间普遍存在的依赖于菌体密度的沟通协调机制,控制着细菌的生长、增殖、致病性、生物被膜形成及相关群体活动行为。群体感应抑制剂在抑制细菌毒性基因表达时不会对细菌生长产生压力,从而避免了细菌耐药性的产生。这一新颖的抑菌机制使其在开发新型农药方面有很大潜力。本文着重介绍了细菌群体感应机制、天然的及合成的细菌群体感应抑制剂种类及其应用。     

旋毛虫成虫丝氨酸蛋白酶对S774A.1巨噬细胞的毒性作用

为探究旋毛虫成虫排泄分泌抗原(ES)中丝氨酸蛋白酶对宿主免疫调节作用,用PCR扩增出旋毛虫成虫期特异性丝氨酸蛋白酶基因Zh68,克隆至表达载体pET28a,转化到大肠埃希菌BL21( DE3),经诱导表达后的重组蛋白免疫接种动物获取抗血清.将抗体封闭前后的ES分别作用于S774A.1巨噬细胞,CCK-8检测巨噬细胞的增...     

长薄鳅幼鱼消化道指数和消化酶活性研究

测定了长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongate Bleeker)幼鱼(8.0～110.1g)的消化道指数和不同体重组(10 g、30 g、50g)幼鱼的胃、肝胰脏、前肠、中肠、后肠的淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性.结果:(1)长薄鳅幼鱼肝指数平均为(1.400±0.004)％,比肠长平均为(0.418±0.080),体重与体长呈幂函数相关,相关式为:W=0.019L2.8181(R2=0.948,P＜0.01,n=43);鱼体肥满度在30 g组中最高.(2)各部位消化酶活性均以蛋白酶＞脂肪酶＞淀粉酶;各体重组淀粉酶活性在肝胰脏中最高(P＜0.05);蛋白酶活性在胃和中肠中较高;脂肪酶活性沿消化道从前至后升高;(3)各部位淀粉酶活性在各体重组间变化不大,胃蛋白酶、肠段胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随体重增加而下降.本研究认为长薄鳅幼鱼为杂食、偏肉食性,其消化酶活性存在组织特异性,体重30 g左右是其营养需求转变或者生长发育的重要时期.     

桔小实蝇丝氨酸蛋白酶基因（BdorSer）的克隆与表达分析

【目的】克隆桔小实蝇丝氨酸蛋白酶基因（Bactrocera dorsalis serine protease,BdorSer）,研究BdorSer在不同组织和不同发育时期的表达情况,探索其可能参与的生理过程。【方法】采用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)技术克隆BdorSer,对其编码蛋白氨基酸序列信息和进化关系进行分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time PCR）方法,研究BdorSer mRNA在桔小实蝇不同组织及不同发育时期的相对表达量。【结果】克隆获得了BdorSer,该基因ORF全长1 239 bp。氨基酸序列一致性分析表明,BdorSer与拟暗果蝇（Drosophila pseudoobscura）丝氨酸蛋白酶（登录号XP_001352960）氨基酸序列的一致性最高,为65.8%。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,BdorSer mRNA在桔小实蝇雌雄虫的不同组织中都有表达,且在触角中的表达量最高,分别是雌虫胸部的43.6和26.8倍。BdorSer mRNA在生殖节中表现出较大的性别差异表达特征,雄虫生殖节中的mRNA表达量是雌虫的18.25倍。BdorSer mRNA几乎在昆虫发育的各个时期都有表达,其中在卵及1,2,3龄幼虫中的表达量分别是10 d 蛹的 0.68,1.63,4.31和15.8倍。BdorSer mRNA随蛹的发育其表达量逐渐减低,1,4,7 d蛹中的表达量分别是10 d蛹的325,125和41倍。【结论】克隆获得了BdorSer,其表达的BdorSer蛋白可能在雄虫的生殖生理中发挥了作用,同时也可能参与了桔小实蝇的变态发育过程,尤其是1 d蛹的发育过程。     

海洋低温蛋白酶生产菌YS-9412-130原生质体的制备与再生

以海洋低温蛋白酶生产菌株YS-9412-130为研究对象，从传代、菌龄、溶菌酶浓度与酶解时间、甘氨酸与EDTA预处理以及稳定剂对该菌原生质体形成与再生的影响进行研究。结果表明，在相同条件下，第一代菌至第五代菌原生质体的形成率分别为86．9％、70．3％、66．8％、63．4％、60．2％，再生率分别为10．5％、18．6％、17．9％、18．2％、17．8％；取该菌对数生长前期、对数生长中后期、稳定期部分菌液制备原生质体，原生质体的形成率分别为72．1％、70．4％、60．5％，再生率为13．4％、18．9％、10．4％；溶菌酶浓度为2．5mg／mL、5mg／mL、10mg／mL、20mg／mL，酶解60min，原生质体的形成率分别为40．6％、70．8％、81．8％、95．6％，原生质体的再生率为19．0％、19．2％、19．0％、10．6％；使用10mg／mL溶菌酶酶解YS-9412-130菌30min、60min、90min、120min，原生质体的形成率分别为30．8％、81．3％、81．7％、82．9％，原生质体的再生率分别为19．2％、19．3％、16．9％、11．2％；在细菌培养液中添加终质量浓度为5mg／mL、10mg／mL、20mg／mL和40mg／mL的甘氨酸，培养该菌16h后制备原生质体，原生质体的形成率分别为81．0％、81．1％、90．3％、90．8％、90．6％，再生率为19．1％、19．0％、19．3％、12．0％、9．0％；EDTA对原生质体的形成稍有促进作用，但作用超过30min会影响原生质体的再生；分别以0．6mol／L Kcl、0．3mol／L KCl＋0．3mol／L蔗糖、0．6mol／L蔗糖作为稳定剂，原生质体的再生率分别为10．9％、19．6％、25．9％。结论认为，YS-9412-130原生质体制备的最佳条件为选用第2代YS-9412-130菌，在培养基中添加终质度浓度为10mg／mL的甘氨酸培养16h后，再将菌体置于含有0．05mol／LEDTA的高渗溶液中30℃预处理30min，用10mg／mL溶菌酶，30℃酶解60min，再用0．6mol／L蔗糖作为原生质体再生培养稳定剂，比较适合于YS-9412-130原生质体的制备与再生。这一试验结果将为通过原生质体技术对YS-9412-130菌进行遗传改良提供重要参数。     

Involvement of a vascular hypersensitive response in quantitative resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum on tomato rootstock cultivar LS‐89

Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease in Solanaceae spp. Expression of the Phytophthora inhibitor protease 1 (PIP1) gene, which encodes a papain‐like extracellular cysteine protease, is induced in R. solanacearum‐inoculated stem tissues of quantitatively resistant tomato cultivar LS‐89, but not in susceptible cultivar Ponderosa. Phytophthora inhibitor protease 1 is closely related to Rcr3, which is required for the Cf‐2‐mediated hypersensitive response (HR) to the leaf mould fungus Cladosporium fulvum and manifestation of HR cell death. However, up‐regulation of PIP1 in R. solanacearum‐inoculated LS‐89 stems was not accompanied by visible HR cell death. Nevertheless, upon electron microscopic examination of inoculated stem tissues of resistant cultivar LS‐89, several aggregated materials associated with HR cell death were observed in xylem parenchyma and pith cells surrounding xylem vessels. In addition, the accumulation of electron‐dense substances was observed within the xylem vessel lumen of inoculated stems. Moreover, when the leaves of LS‐89 or Ponderosa were infiltrated with 10⁶ cells mL^?1 R. solanacearum, cell death appeared in LS‐89 at 18 and 24 h after infiltration. The proliferation of bacteria in the infiltrated leaf tissues of LS‐89 was suppressed to approximately 10–30% of that in Ponderosa, and expression of the defence‐related gene PR‐2 and HR marker gene hsr203J was induced in the infiltrated tissues. These results indicated that the response of LS‐89 is a true HR, and induction of vascular HR in xylem parenchyma and pith cells surrounding xylem vessels seems to be associated with quantitative resistance of LS‐89 to R. solanacearum.