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101.
102.
Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production of straw from four different varieties of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum) were studied. Kinetics of fermentation of straws from 19 different accessions of chickpea was also evaluated using gas production technique. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the yield of straw [from 1041 to 1174 kg dry matter (DM)/ha] from different varieties. The proportion of seed/straw from different varieties varied from 0.61 to 0.93. Crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre content of straw ranged from 28.1 to 35.8, 598.6 to 645.4 and 459.2 to 473.4 g/kg DM respectively. Organic matter digestibility was different (p < 0.05) among varieties and varied from 471.4 to 535.5 g/kg DM. Potential gas production (A), the rate constants (c and d) and lag times of straws from different chickpea varieties were not different (p > 0.05). However, the rate constants (c and d) and lag times were different (p < 0.05) among accessions. Potential gas production (A) differed (p < 0.05) approximately twofold among different accessions. The results emphasized that in any evaluation of chickpea varieties or accessions, where straw of this legume seed is used as an animal feed, not only seed yield but also yield and quality of straw should be taken into consideration. 相似文献
103.
本研究以黑羽番鸭为试验素材,探讨填饲期血浆生化指标的变化规律,以及血浆生化指标与产肝性能的关系。结果显示,随着填饲时间延长,黑羽番鸭有关血液生化指标显著升高(P<0.05);填饲组血液生化指标浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);公番鸭胴体重和肝脏重均极显著高于母番鸭(P<0.01),公、母番鸭多个血液生化指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);公、母番鸭肝脏重与血浆中ALT呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与血浆中GGT和CHO呈正相关,与血浆中ApoB和LDL-C呈负相关。 相似文献
104.
Bart Schultz 《Irrigation and Drainage》2001,50(4):261-277
The development and management of irrigation, drainage and flood protection schemes are confronted with rapidly changing conditions, especially in the least and emerging developing countries. Issues at stake are the need to increase food production significantly, the development of water shortages, pollution of water resources, the increased requirement for flood management and flood protection schemes, the need for sustainable development and possible impacts of climate changes. In this paper focus is on how these issues may play a role in the development of irrigation, drainage and flood protection measures and schemes under different climatological and socio‐economic conditions. In line with this the Strategy for Action of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) is presented, showing the contributions the ICID is making in answer to these challenges. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Improvement in winter wheat productivity through regulating PSⅡ photochemistry,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence under deficit irrigation conditions
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Deficit irrigation is critical to global food production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions with low precipitation. Given water shortage has threatened agricultural sustainability under the dry-land farming system in China, there is an urgent need to develop effective water-saving technologies. We carried out a field study under two cultivation techniques:(1) the ridge and furrow cultivation model(R); and(2) the conventional flat farming model(F), and three simulated precipitation level... 相似文献
109.
【目的】探明山西省农牧交错带农牧生产系统的氮素流动特征及其环境效应,进一步为山西实施区域养分资源管理、加快农牧交错带产业结构调整提供科学依据。【方法】在整理统计资料、文献数据和实地调研的基础上,使用食物链养分流动模型(nutrient flows in food chains, environment and resources use,NUFER)和GIS,估算山西省农牧交错带(主要涉及大同、朔州、忻州、吕梁、临汾和太原等6个地市)42个县区农牧生产系统的氮素账户平衡、流动路径及损失途径。【结果】不同县区农田化学氮肥投入存在“两极分化”的现象,投入水平范围在6.7-253 kg·hm-2,极值间相差38倍;各县区农田氮素的投入结构也表现出较大差异,主要跟当地化学氮肥施用习惯及农业种植结构有很大的关系;单位农田面积农作物主产品的氮素携出量范围在19.11-96.75 kg·hm-2,空间上整体呈现南北高、中部低的变化趋势;不同县区农田氮素盈余量在-16-202 kg·hm-2,氮素亏缺与盈余情况并存;区内畜牧生产系统中外源饲料氮素投入差异较大,朔州市的山阴县外源饲料氮素投入高达0.94×104 t,而忻州的五寨、临汾的隰县、大宁和蒲县,则可以通过作物生产系统来满足畜牧生产系统的饲料需求,也充分反映了各县区畜牧业养殖规模和农牧产业结构存在较大差异;区内单位面积农田动物主产品氮素携出量范围在1.51-27.50 kg·hm-2,极差25.99 kg·hm-2,说明各县区畜牧生产系统的生产力水平差异较大,单位农田面积动物主产品的氮素携出量>13 kg·hm-2的分布在区域北部朔州市的山阴、怀仁、大同等县区,表明这些县区畜牧生产系统中的氮素利用率较高;单位耕地面积畜禽粪尿氮素负荷较高(>50 kg·hm-2)的县区主要分布在区域北部;农牧生产系统氮素损失的空间分布格局明显:一级区(>200 kg·hm-2)分布在区域北部,二级区(120-200 kg·hm-2)分布在区域南部和北部,三级区(<120 kg·hm-2)主要分布在区域中部,今后应重点关注区域北部农牧业生产过程中的氮素损失及环境问题。【结论】农业生产结构不合理、“农牧分离”是造成农牧生产系统氮素利用率低下的主要原因,今后农田养分资源综合管理要在空间上合理配置氮素资源,在养分投入上既要考虑化学氮肥和粪尿氮素的投入,还要兼顾来源于环境投入部分的氮素,更要注重和畜牧生产系统的耦合,以最小的环境代价生产更多的农牧产品。 相似文献
110.
Varwi Jacob Tavaziva Theo Verwijst 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(3):189-198
The aim of this study is to assess control effects of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) dosage, application timing and crop presence on the weed Cirsium arvense. Swedish farmers are recommended to control C. arvense chemically when most shoots are 10-20 cm tall, and mechanically at the compensation point (CP). Recent studies have shown that the CP occurs before shoots reach the three-leaf stage. We hypothesised that (i) herbicide application near the three-leaf stage gives the strongest control, (ii) crop presence increases herbicide effects, and (iii) a 50% herbicide dose gives the same effect as 100%. Treatments of the pot experiment consisted of MCPA 750; 0%, 50% and 100% of the recommended dose applied at leaf stages 3-8, with and without barley. The strongest control was obtained at four leaves and a maximum shoot height of 13 cm, using the recommended dose and with spring barley. In a field population, a maximum shoot height of 13 cm corresponded to a medium height of 6 cm. The 50% dose gave poorer control. Spraying with the recommended dose at the four-leaf stage reduced the development of C. arvense most effectively. Based on this, we recommend that herbicide spraying should be performed at earlier leaf stages/median heights than previously recommended. 相似文献