大花萱草对水分胁迫的光合响应

对黄色(T1)、金黄色(T2)和红色(T3)3个不同大花萱草的品系进行水分胁迫,利用CI- 340便携式光合仪测定了其水分胁迫下叶片的光合特性.结果表明:3种大花萱草的光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,在中午有明显的“午休”现象,干旱处理下的3种大花萱草光合速率明显低于对照;随胁迫程度的增大,各品系的光合速率均呈缓慢增加然后迅速降低的变化趋势,T1黄色品系表现出较强的光合能力,T3红色品系其次,T2金黄色品系的光合能力表现最弱.     

森林生态系统土壤碳库对氮沉降的响应研究进展

大气氮沉降的不断加剧,改变了土壤理化性质,直接影响植物的生长与发育,间接影响了陆地生态系统碳库,进而可能改变全球气候变化进程。森林是陆地生态系统的主体,因此,弄清氮沉降如何影响森林生态系统碳库,对预测全球气候变化具有重要意义。笔者旨在详细分析氮沉降对森林生态系统土壤碳库输入和输出的影响,阐述氮沉降对森林生态系统凋落物分解、细根周转和土壤呼吸的影响研究进展和作用机制。截至目前,关于氮沉降对于陆地生态系统的影响研究报道较多,且国内外诸多学者也在森林生态系统土壤碳库对氮沉降的响应领域开展了较多试验研究,但多集中于碳输入和输出的总量分析,而对输入和输出各个组分的研究相对较少。笔者综述了国内外有关森林生态系统碳库输入和输出各组分对氮沉降响应的相关研究,为进一步揭示其响应机制和途径提供参考依据。     

Effects of photoperiod and temperature on flowering in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

Summary Forty strains of mungbeans, including all of the entries in the 1st and 2nd International Mungbean Nurseries (IMN), were grown in plant growth chambers in photoperiods of 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 hours and mean temperatures of 18, 23, and 28°C. Results show that (1) mungbean strains differ in their flowering response to photoperiod and to mean temperature; (2) increasing the photoperiod of reducing the mean temperature delayed flowering, the amount of delay varied with the strain: (3) variations in mean temperature may alter the effect of the photoperiod on flowering in particular strains. Twenty-five strains which flowered in all photoperiod-temperature treatments could be divided into four groups, each group being successively later in flowering. The remaining 15 strains could be divided into four groups, according to their failure to flower within 105 days in specific photoperiod-temperature treatments. Flowering response in the growth chamber is useful in explaining flowering response in the 2nd IMN at three locations varying from 14°N to 49°N latitude.Contribution No 7516 from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Growth pattern and partial proteome of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during the stress response to hypoxia and nutrient starvation

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an important pathogen that causes Johne's disease in animals and has been implicated in Crohn's disease in man yet few data exist on its physiological adaptation in either the host or the environment. In this study, the proteomic responses of the two distinct strains of M. a. paratuberculosis, cattle (C) and sheep (S), to hypoxia and starvation were studied in vitro. Nutrient starvation inhibited growth of both strains and was lethal for S strain after 12 weeks. Hypoxia induced a state of very low metabolic activity but rapid resuscitation occurred upon restoration of an aerobic atmosphere, consistent with the dormancy response of other mycobacteria. A total of 55 protein spots differentially expressed in response to starvation and/or hypoxic stress in one or both strains were identified from 2D gels and classified based on biological function. Antioxidant enzymes, oxidoreducatse enzymes and proteins involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, ATP and purine biosynthesis, proteolysis, cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, signal recognition and hypothetical proteins with putative functions including dormancy response regulators and universal stress proteins were identified. These proteins are potential screening targets for future diagnosis, prevention and control of M. a. paratuberculosis infection and their identification will assist understanding the pathogenesis of diseases caused by this organism.     

22份百脉根种质资源表型数量性状的遗传多样性分析

本研究对22份百脉根(Lotus corniculatus)种质资源的11个表型性状指标进行多样性研究分析。结果表明：除种宽外,22份百脉根种质间的表型性状均存在显著变异,表型性状指标变异幅度为12.11%～69.48%,各表型性状之间存在显著或极显著相关性。主成分分析表明,茎长、株高、冠幅、种子周长、种子长、种子宽和种子长宽比的主成分载荷较高,是造成百脉根种质表型性状差异的主要因素。根据聚类分析将22份百脉根种质分为3个类群,其中,第Ⅰ类群种质的种子小,但植株高大,第Ⅱ类群种质的种子小且植株矮小,第Ⅲ类群种质的种子和种荚大但植株矮小。综合评价11和12号这2份种质资源整体表现优良,且归属于第Ⅲ类群,具有种荚和种子较大的特性,可作为选育种子高产品种的目标亲本利用。本研究结果可为百脉根的种质应用和品种选育提供理论参考。     

Phenotypes Including Immunocompetence in Scavenging Local Chicken Ecotypes in Tanzania

A study was conducted to determine the variations in physical characters and immunocompetence among scavenging local chicken ecotypes in Tanzania. Eighty-four adult scavenging local chickens from four eco-climatic regions of Tanzania were studied. Measurements of adult body weight, body length, shank length and egg weight and observations of plumage colour and pattern, earlobe colour, skin colour and the shape of the comb were conducted. The antibody response to sheep red blood cells, serum haemolytic complement and the cutaneous response to phytohaemagglutinin-P were assessed. Five ecotypes were identified and named Mbeya, Morogoro-medium, Ching'wekwe, Kuchi and Singamagazi. Singamagazi and Kuchi were significantly heavier, with longer shanks and heavier eggs than the other ecotypes. The average adult body weight for males ranged from 1621 g (Mbeya) to 2915 g (Singamagazi). Average female weights ranged from 1108 g (Morogoro-medium) to 2020 g (Singamagazi). Mean egg weights ranged from 37.65 g (Ching'wekwe) to 45.61 (Singamagazi). The Kuchi had mostly rose and walnut combs, while the other ecotypes were mostly single combed. In each ecotype there were chickens with a high or low antibody response to red blood cells, but there was a significant difference between the ecotypes.