播期和密度对镇麦168农艺和品质性状的影响

为探寻小麦新品种镇麦168高产优质栽培的适宜播期与密度,通过二因素随机区组试验,分析了播期和密度对该品种农艺和品质性状的影响。结果表明,播期和密度对镇麦168的产量、部分农艺和品质性状均有影响。随着播期的推迟,产量、面团形成时间和稳定时间、湿面筋含量均呈现先升后降趋势;适当控制密度可协调有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重,进而提高产量,同时可增加面团稳定时间、籽粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量。在本试验条件下,该品种优质高产适宜播期和种植密度分别为10月31日和270万株·hm^-2。     

壳聚糖对黑白花奶犊牛脂肪代谢的影响

试验选用10日龄奶犊牛20头, 随机分到 4个日粮处理组,进行为期30 d 的饲养试验.在基础日粮中分别加入 0、200、400、600 mg/d的壳聚糖.结果表明:600 mg/d壳聚糖组相比对照组明显降低了血清中 TC含量 (P＜0.05);在试验第20和30天,600 mg/d壳聚糖组相比对照组降低了血清中高密度脂蛋白的含量(P＜0.05).     

Changing of fat content and fatty acid profile of reared pike (Esox lucius) fed two different diets

Fat content and fatty acid profile of two pike yearling groups grown on two different diets were compared. The groups originated from culture on artificial feed. One group (cultured pike fed first pellet then prey‐fish (PF)) was fed with natural food, live prey‐fish, while the other one (cultured pike fed exclusively pellet (PP)) by trout feed through a 3‐month experimental period. Growth of pike was lower with PP than with PF. The trout feed resulted in an increase of the fat content of fillet and the formation of abdominal fat depots. Feeding of natural food decreased the fat content. The proportion of the saturated fatty acids in fillet was higher in the (PF) group. The n‐6 fatty acids (arachidonic C20:4n‐6 and docosatetraenic C22:4n‐6 acids) were lowest in PP‐fed pike. Regarding total n‐3 fatty acids ratio there was no significant difference between the groups, but the level of α‐linolenic (C:18:3n‐3) acid showed significant difference among groups.     

Spatial association between northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and potential prey distribution during the wintering period in the northern Sea of Japan

Elucidating the response of marine predators to oceanographic features helps in understanding their foraging strategies and the cause of their spatial overlap and interference with fishery activities. Northern fur seal is a highly pelagic species during the wintering period. In recent years, fur seals have consistently been found distributed near the coast of southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Because interference by fur seals with coastal fishery activities has become a serious concern, an understanding is sought as to why fur seals come ashore in this area. We conducted ship‐based observations and estimated fur seal density. To elucidate the spatial and seasonal association of fur seal distribution and ocean environments, we constructed statistical models to describe how potential prey distribution and oceanographic features influenced the fur seal spatial distribution during the wintering period. Fur seal distribution corresponded markedly to potential prey distribution, and they tended to aggregate along the narrow continental shelf that is the main geographic feature of this area, which is 2000 m deep and approximately 10 km from the coast. Walleye pollock [Gadus chαlcogrαmmα (Theragra chαlcogrαmmα)] and arabesque greenling (Pleurogrammus azonus), which are one of the main prey for fur seals, move to the shallow area to spawn on the continental shelf seasonally, so potential prey abundance could be higher in coastal areas than offshore. Moreover, the absence of a mesopelagic biotic community may be one of the main factors in the coastal distribution of the fur seal.     

广东康禾自然保护区亚热带常绿阔叶林立木结构及碳密度分布特征

在广东东源县康禾自然保护区林分起源相同的典型亚热带常绿阔叶林区域,在物种多样性有明显差异的3个群落分别设置1 hm2的样地,研究异质多样性下亚热带常绿阔叶林的立木结构及碳密度分布特征.研究结果表明,随着植物群落丰富度或个体数的增大,二次平均胸径和平均胸径指标都逐渐减小,而样方立木的总胸径和胸高断面积则逐步增加.生态优势度较低但多样性指数较高的群落1和群落2内,植物种类或个体数的增加使群落蓄积量得以增加,群落3则不然.生态优势度高、物种多样性相对较低的群落,林分蓄积和碳密度更高.这项研究结果提示,立木结构指标与林分碳储量没有直接相关关系,而立木多样性高的群落碳储量不一定高;大径级和具有生态优势的种类对亚热带常绿阔叶林蓄积量和碳储量的保持与增加具有主要贡献作用.     

六个八仙花品种气孔特性研究

对6个品种八仙花的叶片气孔特性进行了研究。结果表明:气孔器长轴平均长度在27~40μm之间;气孔器短轴平均长度在18~25μm之间;气孔长轴平均长度在11~24μm之间;气孔短轴平均长度在5~10μm之间。气孔密度最大的是B,为550.87个/mm2,最小的是A,为295.06个/mm2。气孔面积最大的是G,为745.31μm2,最小的是E,为425.92μm2。各个品种气孔器的形状均为椭圆形或近圆形。     

长苞铁杉林林隙物种更新动态的初步研究

采用扩散系数C、聚集度指标I、扩散指标Iδ、平均拥挤度M^＊、聚块性指数PAI和聚集强度K对不同发育阶段及不同大小级林隙中长苞铁杉幼苗分布格局的测定结果表明：在林隙发育的前、中期长苞铁杉幼苗在林隙中呈聚集分布,而在林隙发育的后期为随机分布,但在不同大小级的林隙中,长苞铁杉的分布格局并元差异;随林隙的不断发育,长苞铁杉幼苗在林隙中的密度依次降低,在林隙发育的前期密度最大,中期次之,到林隙发育的晚期密度最小,且在较大的林隙中密度较大。     

马铃薯脱毒小薯密度试验及其田间实用性探讨

本文研究了马铃薯脱毒小薯５个不同粒度水平和３个密度水平下的生产能力和种薯的投入产出情况．通过试验，分析和比较了不同处理的主要经济性状的表现．综合评价了不同处理的利用价值，筛选了可用于生产的较好的粒度和密度水平。试验结果表明：０．５～１０．ｇ的脱毒小薯是田间生产较好的粒度水平，合理的种植密度为９０００株／亩。     

Effect of Tillage Systems and Axle Load on Undisturbed Soil Hydraulic Properties

The effects of tillage treatment and axle load resulting from wheeled traffic on tilled soil (0 to 20 cm) were evaluated by measuring the changes in soil physical properties (bulk density and infiltration rate) and by measuring the impact on water retention in comparison with controlled plots. Data obtained from the experimental plots showed that infiltration rate was strongly affected by tillage treatments in 0‐ to 20‐cm depths. Dry bulk density was affected in 0‐ to 20‐cm depths by tillage treatments and axle load. Tillage system changed the ability of the soils to hold moisture and decreased the plant‐available water capacity.     

耕深对土壤物理性质及小麦-玉米产量的影响

为了解不同犁底层破除程度对黄淮海平原农田土壤蓄水保墒、穿透阻力动态变化及作物产量的影响,在山东德州试验基地以冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田为研究对象,设置4个犁底层厚度处理,分别为犁底层不破除(RT15)、犁底层破除1/3(DL20)、犁底层破除2/3(DL25)和犁底层完全破除(DL40)。结果表明:1)完全或者部分破除犁底层均能够显著降低10~30 cm土层容重和穿透阻力,各处理降低幅度具体表现为DL40DL25DL20RT15。2)DL20、DL25和DL40处理有利于增加降水或灌溉后水分入渗,冬小麦苗期20~70 cm土壤平均含水率分别较RT15处理提高5.3%、15.9%和23.6%,且冬小麦季耗水量分别较RT15处理提高4.9%、10.2%和11.6%;DL20、DL25和DL40处理夏玉米苗期20~70 cm土壤平均含水率分别较RT15处理提高7.7%、14.2%和15.8%,但夏玉米季耗水量分别较RT15处理降低5.8%、7.6%和10.5%。3)冬小麦季0~15和15~30 cm土层穿透阻力均表现为双峰型,且2土层受冻融作用影响各处理在越冬期达到穿透阻力峰值1 489.2~2 128.1和1 925.4~4 423.7 kPa;30~45 cm土层各处理穿透阻力变化规律在两季作物生长后期差异较大,冬小麦生长后期表现为DL40DL25DL20RT155,而夏玉米后期表现为DL40DL25DL20RT15。4)相对完全打破犁底层,部分打破犁底层更有利于提高水分利用效率,显著增加作物产量,DL25处理冬小麦和夏玉米产量分别较DL40处理增加4.2%和2.4%。综合考虑,DL25是目前相对较好的犁底层改良方式,此时犁底层厚度适当,既可节省农机能耗,又可兼有透水、增产效能。