重金属锌胁迫对小扁豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

[目的]探究锌胁迫对小扁豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的作用。[方法]采用浓度分别为0、20、50、100、200、400 mg/L的锌溶液处理小扁豆种子,测定锌胁迫对小扁豆种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。[结果]低浓度(20 mg/L)锌处理对小扁豆种子的发芽率、发芽势等有促进作用;超过一定浓度(200 mg/L)后,小扁豆种子的萌发受到抑制,随处理浓度的增加,小扁豆根长、芽长、根鲜重及芽鲜重均呈下降趋势,锌胁迫对根长的抑制作用最大,对芽长的影响最小。随锌胁迫浓度的增加,小扁豆种子过氧化物酶活性和可溶性糖含量基本呈先升高后降低的趋势,可溶性蛋白含量呈上升趋势。[结论]锌处理对小扁豆种子萌发具有低浓度下的促进效应和高浓度下的抑制效应,随锌胁迫浓度的增加,小扁豆幼苗生长的抑制作用越强。     

不同处理方法对苦瓜种子萌发的影响

[目的]研究机械损伤、壳聚糖、赤霉素和硝酸钾对苦瓜种子萌发的影响。[方法]通过机械损伤及适宜浓度的壳聚糖、赤霉素、硝酸钾处理苦瓜种子,测定种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数。[结果]机械损伤处理苦瓜种子发芽率为93.3%,与对照差异显著,发芽势高达92.3%,与对照差异极显著;壳聚糖处理种子最适宜的浓度是100 mg/L,发芽势与发芽率高达84.7%、93.0%,与对照差异显著;赤霉素浸种最适宜浓度为10 mg/L,发芽率为94.3%,与对照差异极显著;硝酸钾浸泡苦瓜种子最佳浓度为20 mg/L,发芽率达到最高99.0%,处理效果最显著。[结论]该研究为苦瓜种子工厂化育苗提供理论依据。     

核桃楸成熟合子胚无菌萌发条件的研究

[目的]研究适合核桃楸在无菌条件下萌发而获得无菌植株的方法。[方法]以成熟核桃楸合子胚为试材,探讨不同外植体、基本培养基、激素、蔗糖对核桃楸无菌萌发的影响。[结果]以带2片子叶的核桃楸合子胚为外植体,在MS+BA 2.5 mg/L或MS+BA 2.5mg/L+IBA 0.01 mg/L上萌发效果最好。[结论]适宜的萌发条件可促进核桃楸萌发,提高萌发率。     

“5.22”贵州省西南部大暴雨成因分析

利用Micaps3.1常规资料、两要素自动站降水资料、卫星资料、NCEP再分析资料,对2012年5月21 ～ 22日贵州省西南部出现大暴雨天气过程进行分析.结果表明,高空槽、中低层的低涡切变以及地面冷锋是造成此次大暴雨过程的大尺度影响系统;卫星云图资料分析表明,此次大暴雨过程中有Mesoscale Convective Complex(以下简称MCC)生成、发展,强降水落区随MCC的移动而移动,由此可见,中尺度系统是此次大暴雨过程的主要影响系统;近地面至650 hPa的充沛水汽条件以及强烈的上升运动是造成此次大暴雨的直接因素,θse的演变很好地反演了此次暴雨过程;最强降水时段出现在MCC发展强盛期,水汽通量散度、垂直螺旋度的大值中心位置和强弱变化与强降水的位置和强度变化均有比较好的对应关系.     

富硒和γ-氨基丁酸萌芽糙薏米培养液组分的工艺优化

为提高糙薏米中γ-氨基丁酸的富集量,采用响应面试验法对糙薏米的培养液组分进行工艺优化。结果表明:培养液中Na2SeO3浓度以10mg/L为宜,其发芽率最高,达(90.33±1.73)%;在Na2SeO3浓度为10mg/L的培养液中辅以11mmol/L CaCl2、87.7μmol/L GA3和31.5mmol/L MSG进行萌芽处理时,萌芽糙薏米中总硒、有机硒和GABA含量分别达0.42mg/100g、0.37mg/100g和116.69mg/100g,是一种具高值化产品开发潜力的保健食品基料。     

重金属污水对不同湿地植物种子萌发的影响

为探讨湿地植物种子在重金属污染湿地植被恢复中的应用,以17种临沂地区常见湿地植物种子为材料,研究了不同浓度重金属污水对其萌发的影响。结果表明:随着重金属污水浓度的增加,萌发率、萌发指数及活力指数,除了芦苇、芦竹、风车草、黄菖蒲、灯芯草、泽泻和石龙芮,其他均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,浓度越高受到的抑制越明显,且在T3和T4处理下均显著低于对照(P0.05);重金属污水对活力指数的抑制作用大于对萌发率和萌发指数的抑制;17种供试湿地植物种子普遍对重金属污水有一定的耐性;通过隶属函数值聚类分析,将供试植物在种子萌发期划分为耐重金属污水较好、中等和较差3种类型,其中黄菖蒲和黄花蔺耐性较差,12种植物耐性中等,香蒲、小香蒲和芦苇耐性较好,说明这3种植物在种子萌发期对重金属污水具有较强的抗性,在利用植物种子修复重金属污染湿地中可优先作为选择的材料。     

Genotypic Difference in the Responses of Seedling Growth and Cd Toxicity in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The experiment was carried out to study the genotypic difference in the responses of seed germination, growth and physiological characters of rice seedlings to Cd toxicity. The result showed that the germination was slightly stimulated under low Cd concentration (0.01-1.5 mM Cd), while severely depressed under higher Cd concentration (2.0 mM). Rice seedlings exposed to 0.01 mM Cd showed slight increases in plant height, root volume, biomass and chlorophyll concentration. These parameters were significantly reduced when Cd level in the medium was increased to 0.5 mM, and meanwhile corresponding increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, and MDA (malondialdehyde) content was observed. However, SOD and POD activities declined when plants were exposed to 1 mM Cd when compared with those under 0.5 mM Cd. Cadmium addition lowered Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations in roots and shoots. There was significant genotypic difference in the response of these parameters to Cd stress. Under Cd stress, Xiushui 110 had the least inhibition of growth and increase in MDA content, higher shoot Cd concentration, and greatest increase in POD and SOD activities, indicating its higher tolerance to Cd toxicity, while Bing 9914 had the greatest reduction of growth, and Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents, but greatest increase in MDA content, and least increase in activities of antioxidative enzymes, indicating its sensitivity to Cd toxicity.     

不同处理对梨种子休眠与萌发的影响

以新疆杜梨种子为试验材料，研究了不同处理对其休眠与萌发的影响，结果表明：GA3(赤霉素)和6-BA(6-苄基嘌呤)均能有效的破除种子的休眠，以6-BA的处理效果优于GA3，而且随6-BA浓度增加种子发芽率升高；GA3对未去皮种子处理作用不大，对去皮和低温处理种子效果明显；杜梨种皮中存在发芽抑制物质，去皮种子发芽率明显高于未去皮种子；低温30天以上和GA3或6-BA共同作用可有效解除休眠，使种子发芽率分别达87．4％和97．2％。     

断电法消除管道阴极保护电位IR降的研究

通常采用断电法来消除地表测到的埋到管道阴极保护电位（通电电位）含有的各种IR降，但在某些情况下，得到的断电电位并不等于实际的对地电位，可将这些误差区分为断电法可消除的误差IsR和未被消除的误差Vo。介绍了应用馈电试验曲线计算IsR和Vo的方法，并讨论了介质电阻率和杂散电流对它们的影响。     

A comparative study of young ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) under drip and furrow irrigation. II. Growth, water use efficiency and nitrogen partitioning

The response of 3-year-old grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cultivar ‘Thompson Seedless’) to furrow and drip irrigation was quantified in terms of water status, growth, and water use efficiency (WUE). Drip irrigation was applied daily according to best estimates of vineyard evapotranspiration while furrow irrigations were applied when 50% of the plant available soilwater content had been depleted. Drip and furrow irrigated vines showed similar water status (midday leaf water potential, Ψ₁) and shoot growth patterns throughout the season. Dry weight partitioning was not significantly different between treatments but root mass was somewhat larger for the furrow than drip irrigated vines. Nitrogen concentrations of the fruit and roots were significantly (P < 0.05) less for the drip irrigated vines when compared with the furrow treatment. Similar WUE (kg water kg⁻¹ fresh fruit wt.) were obtained for both treatments indicating that furrow irrigation was as efficient as drip irrigation under the conditions of this study. The data indicate that drip irrigation may increase the potential for control of vine growth by making vines more dependent on irrigation and N fertilization than furrow irrigation.