Evaluation of auditory evoked potentials to predict depth of anaesthesia during fentanyl/fluanisone−midazolam anaesthesia in rats

Objectives To assess a method for monitoring depth of anaesthesia using components of middle latency auditory evoked potential (AEP) waveforms during anaesthesia with fentanyl/fluanisone and midazolam. Study design Prospective observational study. Animals Five female Wistar rats weighing between 210 and 250 g. Methods Implanted electrodes were used to record AEPs in animals receiving five doses of anaesthetic. Recordings were made at 5 minutes post‐injection (deep anaesthesia; no pedal withdrawal response, PWR) and then at 25 minutes (light anaesthesia; strong PWR). Responses showed five characteristic peaks occurring at 11, 14, 23, 42 and 68 ms that were measured for latency of occurrence and peak amplitude. Results Auditory evoked potential peaks P14, N23 and P42 were increased significantly in latency with successive anaesthetic injections [avg. F(1,4) = 12.53, p < 0.001; avg. F(1,4) = 10.6, p < 0.001; avg. F(1,4) = 3.9, p = 0.02, respectively]. Peak N23 showed a significant reduction in latency during the 20 minute recovery period following both the first and second anaesthetic injections (t(3) = 7.52, p = 0.005; t(4) = 5.17, p = 0.007, respectively). Peak P42 occurred significantly earlier 20 minutes following the second anaesthetic injection (t(4) = 4.75, p = 0.009). The mean overall depth of anaesthesia assessed using PWR scores was significantly correlated with the mean latency of peak N23, such that as the strength of PWR increased, N23 occurred significantly earlier (r = ?0.99, p = 0.01). The amplitude difference between peaks N23 and P42 increased after the second and third drug administrations [avg. F(1,4) = 10.65, p = 0.031 and avg. F(1,4) = 11.24, p = 0.028, respectively]. Conclusion The characteristics of these peaks, and in particular latency of peak N23, may provide a useful tool for assessing depth of anaesthesia produced by this, and possibly other anaesthetic agents.     

温度、光照和发芽床对假俭草种子萌发的影响

实验室内进行了假俭草种子净度检验样品最低限量和发芽检验方法的研究，探讨了光照（以黑暗为对照）、温度（分别包括２０℃恒温，１５／２５℃、２０／３０℃、２０／３５℃和２５／３５℃变温）和发芽床（分设纸上ＴＰ和砂中Ｓ）等因素对种子发芽的影响。结果表明：假俭草种子净度检验样品最低限量是３ｇ，送验样最低量以及计数其它植物种子检验样品最低量均为３０ｇ；最佳萌发条件为２０／３０℃或２０／３５℃变温（１６小时低温，８小时高温），高温时段设光照，和纸上（ＴＰ）发芽；发芽的初次和未次计数时间分别以第１０天和第２１天为宜；种子的幼苗发育可划分为单子叶植物子叶留土类型。     

小麦矮腥黑穗病菌对温度的敏感性

通过研究小麦矮腥黑穗病菌不同菌株冬孢子萌发对温度的敏感性,进一步明确不同TCK菌株冬孢子萌发对温度的反应,以便深入了解此病害发生和流行的成因.选取采自不同年份的45个TCK菌株,室内控制不同温度条件下对这些菌株的萌发过程及萌发特性进行观察记录,分析所得数据.5℃和10℃不同培养温度下,参试菌株的萌发率和萌发过程存在显著或极显著差异.同一采集年份不同菌株在相同培养温度下,萌发过程和萌发率有明显的差异,随着保存年限的增长,菌株冬孢子的萌发率会逐渐下降,但在常温下放置8年左右的部分菌株仍然具有萌发能力.不同的菌株萌发对温度确实具有不同的敏感性,此结果为防止该病害的传入、定殖、传播以及预测和防治决策提供了重要依据.     

黑龙江省气候变化及其对玉米生产潜力的影响

基于全球气候变化这一不争的事实,本研究以黑龙江省为例,在收集1980—2009年气象站点农业气象资料的基础上,首先运用线性倾向率方法分析了近30年来黑龙江省的气候变化特征;其次运用AEZ模型测算了30个站点1980—2009年30年来的光温和气候生产潜力,分析了30年来黑龙江省玉米光温和气候生产潜力的变化趋势。最后结合现实生产力数据分析了玉米的增产空间。结果表明:(1)1980—2009年30年间,黑龙江省温度表现为升高趋势,而降水则表现为减少的趋势。(2)伴随着温度的升高,光温生产潜力表现为增加趋势,气候生产潜力则随着降水量的减少而呈减少趋势;(3)相对于光温生产潜力和气候生产潜力上限值而言,玉米的增产潜力空间均表现为减小趋势,但增产空间仍较大,相对于光温生产潜力而言还有66%的增产空间,相对于气候生产潜力也仍有51%的增产空间。     

外源NO对渗透胁迫下黑麦草种子萌发及活性氧代谢的影响

以黑麦草为试材,研究了一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)对聚乙二醇6000渗透胁迫下种子萌发、幼苗叶片活性氧代谢和渗透溶质积累的影响,探讨外源NO对渗透胁迫下牧草生理响应的调节作用.结果表明:100μmol/L SNP显著提高了渗透胁迫下黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,缓解了植株鲜重和干重的下降幅度,提高了幼苗叶片SOD、POD、APX、质膜H+-ATPase活性及谷胱甘肽、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、脯氨酸、K+、Na+含量和植株含水量,降低了O2-.产生速率及H2O2、丙二醛和可溶性蛋白含量.表明外源NO能够促进渗透胁迫下黑麦草种子的萌发,对渗透胁迫引起的黑麦草幼苗膜脂过氧化具有缓解作用.     

温度、光照及PEG-6000胁迫对绵枣儿种子萌发的影响

为构建宿根花卉绵枣儿种子育苗高质量的技术流程提供科学依据,研究了不同温度、光照、聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)胁迫对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:绵枣儿种子萌发的需光性为不敏感的中性特征,温度是决定绵枣儿种子萌发的主要因素,20～30℃变温为绵枣儿种子萌发最适温度,恒温抑制种子萌发;绵枣儿种子萌发过程体现其具有抗旱性,其随PEG-6000质量浓度的升高,种子发芽率先升高后降低,发芽指数、活力指数均呈下降趋势;绵枣儿种子经过PEG-6000(质量浓度为25 g.L-1)胁迫后复水萌发有利于提高其发芽率,保证出苗整齐,矮化种苗。     

PEG胁迫对黑麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

[目的]研究聚二乙醇(PEG)对黑麦(Secale cereal L.)种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,探讨黑麦种子耐干旱胁迫的生理机制。[方法]采用浓度分别为5%、10%、15%和20%的PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱条件对黑麦种子萌发进行胁迫。[结果]当PEG浓度为5%时,黑麦种子的发芽势和发芽率与对照相比差异不显著,干旱胁迫对发芽指数、活力指数、根长、苗长、根鲜重、苗鲜重的影响均达显著水平;当PEG浓度为10%时,各项指标受干旱胁迫的影响均达显著水平;当PEG浓度为20%时,黑麦种子不发芽。[结论]该研究可为评价黑麦种子抗旱性及黑麦的栽培管理等提供参考。