Effects of water stress and NaCl stress on different life cycle stages of the cold desert annual Lachnoloma lehmannii in China

For a plant species to complete its life cycle in arid and saline environments, each stage of the life cycle must be tolerant to the harsh environmental conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of water stress (water potentials of -0.05, -0.16, -0.33, -0.56, -0.85 and -1.21 MPa) and NaCl stress (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mmol/L NaCl) on seed germination percentage, seedling survival and growth, juvenile growth and plant reproduction of Lachnoloma lehmannii Bunge (Brassicaceae), an cold desert annual that grows in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, China in 2010. Results indicated that low water stress (-0.05 and -0.16 MPa) had no significant effect on seed germination percentage. With a decrease in water potential, germination percentage decreased, and no seeds germinated at -0.85 and -1.21 MPa water stresses. Germination percentage of seeds was significantly affected by NaCl stress, and higher germination percentages were observed under non-saline than saline conditions. An increase in NaCl concentrations progressively inhibited seed germination percentage, and no seeds germinated at ≥400 mmol/L NaCl concentration. Non-germinated seeds were transferred from both PEG (polyethylene glycol-6000) and NaCl solutions to distilled water for seed germination recovery. The number of surviving seedlings and their heights and root lengths significantly decreased as NaCl stress increased. About 30% of the plants survived and produced fruits/seeds at 200 mmol/L NaCl concentration. Thus, seed germination, seedling establishment and reproductive stage in the life cycle of L. lehmannii are water- and salt-tolerant, with seedlings being the least tolerant. These tolerances help explain why this species can survive and produce seeds in arid and saline habitats.     

Hesperetin attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells via inhibition of calcium overload

AIM: To investigate the effect of hesperetin on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced apoptosis in the H9c2 cells and to clarify the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The H/R model was established and the H9c2 cells were pretreated with hesperetin for 4 h. The cell viability and cell damage were measured by CCK-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) detection. The apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. The intracellular calcium fluorescence intensity was measured by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The calcium-ATPase activity and the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured by ELISA. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 staining. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C (Cyt-C) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Hesperetin reduced the apoptosis of the H9c2 cells induced by H/R, decreased intracellular Ca²⁺ fluorescence intensity, elevated Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, inhibited the mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and increased the level of ATP (P<0.05). In addition, hesperetin significantly reduced the release of Cyt-C protein from mitochondria to cytoplasma and increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (P<0.05). After using the calcium ion inhibitor nimodipine, the percentage of the cells with mitochondrial membrane depolarization was decreased, the ATP level was increased and the protein expression of mitochondrion-related apoptosis molecules were decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Hesperetin reduces the apoptosis of the H9c2 cells induced by H/R, which may be related to inhibition of calcium overload and improvement of mitochondrial function.     

滴灌控制土壤基质势对土壤水分分布和苜蓿生长的影响

采用在滴头正下20 cm深度处埋设负压计,分别设置-15、-25和-35 k Pa的土壤基质势控制滴灌,通过田间试验,研究了不同土壤基质势下土壤水分变化特点和紫花苜蓿的生长特性,分析了蒸发、降雨和灌水与土壤基质势之间的关系。从土壤剖面水分分布来看,整个生育期内-15 k Pa处理下的土壤剖面含水率整体集中在14%~15%,较-25和-35 k Pa处理的更为均匀,水分密集区域距离滴头最近;-15 k Pa处理下苜蓿株高达到41.7 cm,盖度为15.3%,生物量值达到了281.29 g/m~2,在所有处理中均为最高。     

西北干旱区节水灌溉效益及潜力分析——以新疆乌苏市为例

基于西北地区农业灌溉特点,以新疆乌苏市为例,分析当前的节水灌溉措施和效益,指出了其中的不足之处,并通过对该地农业节水途径的分析,定量计算了未来10年该地和新疆以及西北地区的节水潜力,同时提出几点有针对性的建议和改进措施,以求为广大西北地区农业可持续提供发展思路.     

不同浓度硝基苯对水稻发芽和秧苗生长发育的影响

试验结果表明,硝基苯浓度达到27倍(0.34 mg/L)以上对水稻发芽产生明显影响,致使芽率下降.不同浓度的硝基苯对不同品种的发芽率影响不显著.随着浓度的增加,同一品种株高基本呈降低趋势,根数、叶片与对照差异显著.     

筇竹种子发芽条件及筇竹笋矿质元素分析

筇竹为珍稀笋材两用混生竹,具有较高的经济价值.本研究对筇竹种子进行不同温度和光照条件的萌发实验,并培育实生苗发笋后,利用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了3个不同出土高度(2 cm,5 cm,8 cm)的筇竹笋中8种矿质元素的含量.实验结果显示,最适宜筇竹种子萌发的条件是20℃,12 h光照/12 h黑暗,但25℃和暗...     

刺蒺藜草在我国的适生区预测

本研究基于MaxEnt模型,依据气候、海拔、人类活动等不同层面的12个环境变量建立刺蒺藜草适生性预测模型,模型AUC值高于0.9,表明模型结果可靠。预测显示：我国刺蒺藜草非适生区占73.66%;低度适生区占18.24%;中度适生区占5.11%;高度适生区占2.99%。其中广东、广西、海南几乎全境,福建、台湾、云南的大部分地区为中、高度适生区,具有最大的传入定殖风险。通过预测模型可以看出,bio＿11（最冷季度平均温度）、hf＿v3geo（人类足迹）、bio＿18（最暖季度降水量）和bio＿04（温度季节性变化标准差）等4个环境变量对刺蒺藜草在某地适生产生重要影响。