应用计算机和气象资料预测粗纹食道口线虫（Oesophagostomum asperum）数量季节消长的研究

根据土源性寄生线虫体外发育期间受温度、湿度、季节和宿主动物影响的原理，采用电子计算机对上述四因子和食道口线虫从卵发育到侵袭性幼虫速度、数量进行回归分析，制定出模拟模型，设计出了在牧地上该种线虫从卵发育到侵袭性幼虫数量预测预报公式，用该公式和气象资料计算出的侵袭性幼虫季节消长曲线，与牧地上宿主羊体内成虫数量消长曲线相一致，初步显示可以采用气象资料和计算机预测牧地上粗纹食道口线虫侵袭性幼虫量的季节动态，从而为防治措施的制定提供依据。     

松嫩平原碱化草甸獐毛种群有性生殖的数量特征及营养繁殖特性的研究

通过对单优群落随机取样的调查与测定，分析了松嫩平原碱化草甸漳毛种群有性生殖的数量特征及营养繁殖特性。樟毛种群以营养生长和营养繁殖为主，成穗率仅为１５．７％，结实率为４１．６％。獐毛的匍匐茎在整个生长季均不断地增节伸长。至生长季末期，大多数匍匐茎可产生２０～２２个节，总长度可达２６９．５～３０４．５ｃｍ，节上可共产生８５．５～ｌ１１．４个营养繁殖株。不同月份的匍匐茎，其营养繁殖具有相同的规律性。匍匐茎的营养繁殖株在翌春存活与繁殖的数量最少者为１０株，多者达１３１株，基部１～２节无存活，３～１９节可形成１～２３株的营养繁殖株丛，最远存活的节营养繁殖株距母株２９４ｍ。     

北亚热带丘陵区植物种群数量特征及综合特征研究

论述了四川西部丘陵２种草地类型及２８个不同群落中优势种群的数量特征及综合特征。重点探讨不同的种间相遇相率，种间联结与相关，物种相似系数等。并计算了群落的相对优势度及重要值，从而，从本质上阐明北亚热带植物种群与环境相互关系的特征。     

荒漠草原主导种群与植物群落地上现存量的关系

以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟苏尼特右旗短花针茅荒漠草原为对象,采用随机区组放牧试验设计,结合对比分析、线性回归分析以及结构方程模型等数据分析方法,探讨荒漠草原主要种群与植物群落地上现存量的关系及在放牧条件下的变化特点.结果表明:随放牧强度增大,短花针茅、无芒隐子草和碱韭主导种群地上现存量占植物群落地上现存量的比例下降,且主导种群...     

纳豆菌、甘露寡糖对仔猪肠道pH、微生物区系及肠黏膜形态的影响

选取144头18日龄断奶，体重5．6kg的杜大长三元杂仔猪，按体重和性别分成6个处理，每组3个重复，每重复8头仔猪，研究纳豆菌（Natto）和甘露寡糖（MOS）对早期断奶仔猪肠道pH、微生物区系和小肠黏膜形态的影响。结果为：（1）Natto、MOS均有降低仔猪肠道pH的趋势（P＞0．05），Natto与MOS联用时显著降低仔猪空肠、回肠、盲肠和结肠内容物的pH（P＜0．05）；（2）Natto提高了仔猪结肠内容物中乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量（P＜0．05），提高结肠黏膜中乳酸杆菌数量（P＜0．05），MOS提高了仔猪结肠内容物和黏膜中乳酸杆菌数量（P＜0．05），2g／kg的MOS组使结肠内容物和黏膜中大肠杆菌数下降（P＜0．05）。Natto与MOS联用时内容物中大肠杆菌数量下降（P＜0．05），乳酸杆菌数量显著高于金霉素组（P＜0．05），黏膜中乳酸杆菌数量上升，大肠杆菌数下降，与空白组、金霉素组有显著差异（P＜0．05）；（3）Natto及联用组都显著提高了小肠黏膜的绒毛高度（P＜0．05），但处理组间隐窝深度没有显著差异（P＞0．05），Natto组、1g／kg的MOS组及联用组的绒毛高度／隐窝深度比值显著上升（P＜0．05）。试验说明，纳豆菌和甘露寡糖通过调节肠道内容物及黏膜中微生物区系，降低肠道pH，以维持仔猪肠黏膜正常的形态结构。     

C肉毒杀鼠素在高寒草甸地区灭鼠技术的应用

综述C肉毒杀鼠素草原灭鼠应用技术，充分肯定了C肉毒杀鼠素毒力强、适口性好、对非靶动物毒性低、作用缓慢、无二次中毒、易降解和适合规模灭鼠的特点，为鼠害防治提供了新的思路。     

中国沿海河口地区鳗苗的群体生态和群体结构

本报道了１９９２－１９９５年间对中国沿上代表性河口鳗苗的群体生态（包括溯河的生态条件，日龄生长、食性、对温度和盐度变化的适应力、耗氧率、室息点、耐铠力）和群体结构（全长、体重和日龄结构）的研究结果。     

被动式电子标签在监测高原鼢鼠种群生态变化中的应用

地下啮齿动物种群生态学研究经常需要对动物个体进行标记,而传统的剪耳、剪趾标记法会造成动物伤害、影响动物行为等,与动物福利相悖。利用PIT标签于2014年秋季在祁连山东段标记高原鼢鼠30只,研究高原鼢鼠种群密度及越冬后体重、体长和尾长变化。结果表明,样地内高原鼢鼠估算种群密度为44只/hm2;越冬后高原鼢鼠平均体重为222.07g,显著高于越冬前平均体重193.74g,平均体长为19.4cm,显著高于越冬前平均体长18cm;雌性与雄性的体重增长率无显著性差异(P0.05)。被动式电子标签同时可适用于地下啮齿动物的种群生态学研究,是地下啮齿动物种群生态学研究中的一项新型技术手段。     

Effects of Alternative Molting Programs and Population on Layer Performance: Results of the Thirty-Fifth North Carolina Layer Performance and Management Test

A study involving 7 white-egg and 3 brown-egg commercial layer strains was conducted at the North Carolina Piedmont Research Station to assess the effects cage population 3-bird vs. 4-bird cages and alternative molt programs on performance through 113 wk of age (791 d). The flock was divided into 3 groups; not molted (NM), maintained in continuous production; molted using feed restriction (FR), an industry-type 14-d feed withdrawal molting program initiated at 463 d of age; and molted using a nonfasted/anorexic program (NF), in which an ad libitum supply of a low protein, low energy molt feed was provided. Productivity, egg size, and egg quality were monitored at 28-d periods throughout the test providing the performance data for the white-egg and brown-egg strains with regard to these management factors. Detailed results by strain are available on the following Web site: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/poulsci/tech_info.html#layer. The performance for the 3-bird or 4-bird cage groups for either type of layer was similar, except that birds in 4-bird cages had higher feed consumption in the first production phase than did the birds in 3-bird cages. In the same time period the white-egg birds in the 3-bird cages had a greater percentage of cracked eggs and a smaller percentage of Grade A large eggs than those in 4-bird cages. No differences were observed in egg income for the 2 population sizes for either type of layer. However, due to their higher feed consumption, the white egg birds in the 4-bird cages had higher feed cost per hen for the first cycle, which was offset by the egg income component due to their increased production rate. The molted layers outperformed the nonmolted layers for both types of layers in terms of overall income over feed costs. The FR molted hens, under a program that has traditionally been used by commercial producers, outperformed NF-molted hens, indicating that further refinements are needed to make the NF program economically competitive with the FR molting program.