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101.
102.
Single-copy restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to determine the genetic structure of the global population of Mycosphaerella musicola , the cause of Sigatoka (yellow Sigatoka) disease of banana. The isolates of M. musicola examined were grouped into four geographic populations representing Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Australia and Indonesia. Moderate levels of genetic diversity were observed for most of the populations ( H = 0·22–0·44). The greatest genetic diversity was found in the Indonesian population ( H = 0·44). Genotypic diversity was close to 50% in all populations. Population differentiation tests showed that the geographic populations of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Australia and Indonesia were genetically different populations. Using F ST tests, very high levels of genetic differentiation were detected between all the population pairs ( F ST > 0·40), with the exception of the Africa and Latin America-Caribbean population pair. These two populations differed by only 3% ( F ST = 0·03), and were significantly different ( P < 0·05) from all other population pairs. The high level of genetic diversity detected in Indonesia in comparison to the other populations provides some support for the theory that M. musicola originated in South-east Asia and that M. musicola populations in other regions were founded by isolates from the South-east Asian region. The results also suggest the migration of M. musicola between Africa and the Latin America-Caribbean region. 相似文献
103.
采用室内生测法研究了雷公藤总生物碱对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的种群抑制作用。结果表明,雷公藤总生物碱能显著抑制两种贮粮害虫种群的增长。雷公藤总生物碱浓度大于500mg/kg,33d时玉米象成虫死亡率高于90.83%,67d时混药饲喂的下一代(F1代),其种群抑制率在96.70%以上;其中500mg/kg处理组存活成虫在未混药饲喂条件下,其F1代种群抑制率达80.10%。雷公藤总生物碱浓度在100-1000mg/kg范围内,对赤拟谷盗成虫无明显的致死效应,但可显著抑制其种群的增殖。当处理浓度为250mg/kg时,对赤拟谷盗的种群抑制率为54.94%;处理浓度升至500mg/kg时,种群抑制率高达98.02%。 相似文献
104.
内蒙古草原与荒漠区的锦鸡儿属植物种群格局动态和种间关系的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本文研究了内蒙古草原与荒漠区的锦鸡儿属 (Carahana)植物随着年龄和植丛大小 ,表现出不同的分布格局。通常是幼小植丛多呈聚块分布 ,中等植丛趋向于均匀分布 ,大型植丛趋向于随机分布。土壤质地与土壤水分的分配对同一群落中两种锦鸡儿之间的关系有一定影响。 相似文献
105.
张建华 《华中农业大学学报》1993,12(1):7-13
应用方差和协方差分析方法对1989年南方区试中籼迟熟组的8个品种的13个性状进行了遗传参数估计,结果表明,参试品种的着粒密度、有效穗和千粒重的遗传基础较丰富,抽穗日数和小区产量的遗传差异则较小;千粒重、着粒密度、穗长和抽穗日数的广义遗传率较高,日产量和小区产量则较低,结实率的遗传变异系数和广义遗传率最低;产量与着粒数的相关较微弱,与有效穗,着粒密度等性状的遗传相关显著,与每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重的环境相关值较大,有效穗、着粒数和千粒重三个产量构成因素两两之间的三种相关值均为负值,其遗传相关达显著或极显著标准;同一遗传型在不同环境条件中,穗粒数和有效穗与产量的关系较大。 相似文献
106.
107.
Although we know that alterations in crop density, crop spatial pattern and inclusion of more selective weed control can improve weed suppression for organic growers, it is unknown whether these result in changes to the weed seedbank that increase cropping system profitability over time. Data collected from field trials conducted in 2009 and 2010 in Maine, USA, comparing regional grower practices (Standard) with management that aimed to (i) facilitate better physical weed control through the use of wide row spacing and inter‐row cultivation (Wide) or (ii) enhance crop–weed competition through increased seeding rate and narrow inter‐row spacing (Narrow HD), were used to construct a matrix population model with an economic sub‐model. Using field measurements of grain yield and weed survival and fecundity, we investigated the lasting implications of employing alternative organic spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) production practices on Sinapis arvensis population dynamics. In most scenarios, the model indicated that regional production practices were not sufficient to prevent an increase in the weed seedbank, even with excellent weed control. The two alternative methods, on the other hand, were able to limit weed population growth when initial densities were low or cultivation efficacy was >80%. Due to higher seed costs in the Narrow HD system, net returns were still lower after 10 years of simulation in this system compared with wide rows with cultivation, despite a lower weed seedbank. 相似文献
108.
极度濒危植物--崖柏种群空间格局与动态的初步研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
通过对开县境内4个典型崖柏种群空间分布格局进行初步研究,表明崖柏种群为明显的集群分布,在取样尺度较小时(群落Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为4m^2;群落Ⅱ为6m^2)集群强度最大,且随着取样尺度的扩大聚集强度逐渐减小。在各群落中集群强度以多齿长尾槭一崖柏群落(Ⅰ)最大,依次为崖柏一铁杉群落(Ⅱ),崖柏-巴东栎群落(Ⅲ),崖柏-黄杨群落(Ⅳ)最小。在对崖柏初步研究的基础上还提出了进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
109.
New Grouped Harvesting-Based Population Structures of Cotton 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
The construction of rational population structures is an important cultivation basis to achieve high yield and quality of cotton. ‘Small-sized plant under high plant density’, ‘moderate-sized plant under moderate plant density’ and ‘large-sized plant under low plant density’ are three types of traditional cotton population structures in China, which have been widely used in China's major cotton planting regions of Northwest inland, Yellow River and Yangtze River valley, respectively, and have played key roles in achieving stable and high yields of cotton in the nation. However, in the new era of cotton industry development, there occur such disadvantages that the traditional population structures are not suitable for grouped harvesting as well as both fiber quality and production efficiency improvements. The exploration of new population structures has become an important approach in the new period of cotton cultivation. In this paper, we concisely reviewed the main features and the disadvantages of traditional population structures. Based on the needs of light and cost-saving cultivation as well as quality improving and efficiency increasing in the new era, it was suggested that constructing 3 new types of population structures adapted to grouped harvesting, ‘reduced plant density with healthy plants’, ‘increased plant density with robust plants’, and ‘direct seeding and close planting with short plants’ to substitute the three traditional structures. On this basis, the key indicators and regulation technologies of the 3 new population structures were mainly discussed, and the future development of the new population structures both in research and practice were also prospected. 相似文献
110.