用农杆菌Ri诱导金银花发根培养的研究

通过预培养时间、菌液稀释倍数、浸染时间、共培养时间、抗生素质量浓度5因素4水平的正交实验,得出优化组合,认为组培苗叶片外植体预培养5 d,菌液稀释45倍,浸染4 min,共培养3 d,然后转入含500 mg/L羧苄青霉素的1/2M S培养基上培养,金银花的发根诱导率最高,达54.3%.随机抽取离体培养的发根经PCR检测,证实为转化发状根.     

Cytological studies on adventitious shoots and minitubers of a monoploid potato clone

Summary A three step procedure for adventitious shoot regeneration on leaf explants of monoploid potato clone H7322 and a minituber induction procedure on stem segments have been described. Chromosome counts on 92 adventitious shoots showed that 85% of them had been polyploidized, i.e., 71% were diploid, 1% tetraploid, and 13% were mixoploid. Cytophotometric studies on nuclei of soil grown tubers of tetraploid cv Astarte, of 1x, 2x and 4x adventitious shoots of H7322, and of diploid H²578 showed in all cases polyploidization with prominent classes up to 8C and 16C. However, nuclei of pith cells of 5 weeks old minitubers which had developed on monoploid H7322 itself or on 1x adventitious shoots of H7322 showed predominantly 1C and 2C values. Pith cells of minitubers of monoploid H7322 were screened, after iodine staining, for the presence of variant cells containing reddish-brown staining (amylose-free) starch. In more than 75% of the investigated minitubers one or a few of such variant cells were found indicating that such a variation occurs in minitubers of monoploid potato and that this variant character is expressed in cells of vegetative storage organs like potato tubers.     

Improved techniques for the induction and isolation of polyploids in the genus Fragaria

Summary The sensitivity of Fragaria seedlings to colchicine is dependent on the plant organ that is treated. Complete immersion of seedlings in a 1.5% colchicine solution results in total lethality, whereas the survival rates were more than 75% even at concentrations of 3.0% when only shoot apices were treated. High proportions of polyploids were isolated by treating shoot apices of seedlings with a 2.0% colchicine solution for 24–28 h. The dropper method is preferred to the tube method as it involves a minimum of manipulation and requires simple equipment. A differential response to colchicine was observed within and between different diploid species, diploid and tetraploid hybrids.     

Comparative study of low voltage ride-through techniques for doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines under asymmetrical grid faults

Asymmetrical grid faults occur more frequently and have more adverse effects on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) than symmetrical grid faults in the transmission system. The transient response of DFIG under asymmetrical grid faults is analyzed firstly. Meanwhile, operation behaviors of several low voltage ride-through (LVRT) techniques under severe asymmetrical grid faults are given by simulation with the Matlab/Simulink software. Then the characteristics of these LVRT techniques are further researched and analyzed based on the simulation results. Finally, the economies of these LVRT techniques are discussed. The conclusion lays a certain foundation for engineering development of these LVRT techniques.     

人工诱导池塘养殖鳗鲡成熟产卵以及胚胎和仔鱼发育

降海鳗鲡一直是作为研究鳗鲡人工繁殖的材料,由于降海鳗鲡的资源衰退,选用池塘养殖鳗鲡作为亲本的研究成为热点。尽管人工诱导野生降海鳗鲡获得的胚胎发育过程的研究已报道,但人工诱导池塘养殖鳗鲡的胚胎及仔鱼早期发育未见报道。本文应用池塘养殖日本鳗鲡取代野生降海日本鳗鲡进行人工繁殖,2002年的孵化批次共80次,其中大部分为人工授精卵(60次),一部分(20次)为自然产卵。受精率为(44.03±21.99)%,孵化率为(65.76±19.48)%,共计获得苗种349.9万尾。连续记录了鳗鲡的胚胎和早期仔鱼的发育过程。在水温为20.5℃时,胚胎发育需要时间为49h,所需积温1005℃.h;在水温为22.5℃时,胚胎发育需要时间为39h,所需积温878℃.h;在水温为24.5℃时,胚胎发育需要时间为34h,所需积温833℃.h。     

Increase in milt production by hormonal treatment in the pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes 1835)

In spite of interest in the cultivation of the pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835), there are few studies on subjects required to advance this activity. One of the problems is the synchronization of female and male maturation to provide eggs and sperm for larval production. The low volume of expressible milt, either in wild or culture fish, is a major problem. The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of the administration of different hormones on sperm production in pejerrey. Milt production was enhanced by the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (16.7‐fold increase, 625 IU kg^?1), carp pituitary extracts (13.5‐fold increase, 30 mg kg^?1), salmon pituitary extracts (12.8‐fold increase, 30 mg kg^?1), salmon‐type gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue (GnRH) (16.7‐fold increase, 10 μg kg^?1) and mammalian‐type GnRH analogue (10.8‐fold increase, 20 μg kg^?1). Sperm concentration, motility and the fertilization rate were not statistically different compared with control groups. It was also demonstrated that sperm could be obtained off‐season. Taken together, hCG is recommended to stimulate pejerrey spermiation because it is effective in low doses is inexpensive and is widely available.     

Distribution and induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 in the rainbow trout brain

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 participates in the activation as well as detoxification of environmental pollutants such as aromatic hydrocarbons. This CYP form is also efficiently induced by aromatic hydrocarbons. The presence of CYP 1A1 in the brain might thus be of physiological and toxicological importance. In the present investigation on rainbow trout, the distribution of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, a cytochrome CYP 1A1 catalyzed reaction, was measured in whole tissue homogenates from brain parts. In control fish, a relatively high activity was found in the rainbow trout olfactory bulb compared to the other brain parts. Although an EROD induction (3 to 7-fold) by β-naphthoflavone (BNF) was recorded in all brain parts from the rainbow trout, the highest induced activity was measured in the olfactory bulbs. To ascertain the distribution of EROD activity in cells, whole brain tissue was subfractionated by differential centrifugation. The fractionation scheme separated mitochondria (P2 fraction) and microsomes (P3 fraction) as determined by marker enzymes and electron microscopy. In control rainbow trout, a low EROD activity could be measured in the P2 fraction. BNF induced the EROD activity in both P2 and P3 fractions. Western blotting showed the induction by BNF of a protein band in the P2 and P3 fractions with a molecular mass around 58,000 when highly specific anti-cod CYP 1A1 antibodies were used. ELISA measurements confirmed the induction of CYP 1A1 protein in the rainbow trout brain subcellular fractions.     

抗生素对玉米愈伤组织生长和分化的影响

以继代培养的玉米胚性愈伤组织为材料,研究了不同质量浓度的卡那霉素(Kan)、遗传霉素(G418)和头孢霉素(Cef)对胚性愈伤组织继代生长和分化的影响.结果表明:(1)当质量浓度大于3 mg.L-1时,Kan对愈伤组织的生长具有一定抑制作用,其抑制作用在不同继代次数和不同基因型间具有明显差异;Kan明显降低了愈伤组织的分化出苗率;(2)G418具有显著抑制愈伤组织生长的负向效应.当G418的质量浓度大于25 mg.L-1时,愈伤组织就丧失了再生能力;(3)Cef质量浓度为100 mg.L-1时,对愈伤组织的生长无显著影响,随着质量浓度的增加,对愈伤组织的生长开始具有抑制作用,Cef对愈伤组织生长的抑制作用具有一定的累加效应.Cef对愈伤组织的分化再生能力具有一定的正向效应,但其临界质量浓度在基因型间和继代次数间存在差异.     

柠条锦鸡儿多倍体诱导与鉴定

以柠条锦鸡儿为试验材料,通过L₁₆（4⁵）正交试验设计,建立柠条多倍体诱导体系,设置秋水仙素浓度、细胞分裂素浓度、胚根长度、及秋水仙素诱导方法,通过观察根尖形态指标和显微镜比较染色体数量,筛选和验证出一种诱导多倍体柠条锦鸡儿种子的最佳处理组合,建立新的诱变体系。结果表明：采用0.02%秋水仙素,0.01%细胞分裂素,2 mm胚根长度和包埋法来处理柠条胚根,诱导效果最佳,诱导率为56%。0.01%以内的细胞分裂素浓度可提高柠条胚根的诱导率,0.01%～0.03%的细胞分裂素浓度对诱导起到一定的抑制作用。     

非洲菊离体快繁条件的优化

以非洲菊无菌苗带节茎段为外植体,比较各种不同激素组合、浓度大小对非洲菊芽苗的诱导、增殖和生根的影响。结果表明,以0.8-1.2 cm的非洲菊带节茎段为外植体,可以不通过愈伤组织途径,直接诱导出芽。非洲菊带节茎段诱导芽苗的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA3.0 mg.L-1+NAA0.1 mg.L-1。较高浓度的6-BA有利于增殖系数的提高,但容易出现玻璃化现象,高浓度的NAA会使芽苗叶色退绿,故最适合的增殖培养基为MS+6-BA2.0 mg.L-1+NAA0.3 mg.L-1。非洲菊芽苗生根的浓度范围较宽,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.2 mg.L-1。