Inhibition study of red rice polyphenols on pancreatic α-amylase activity by kinetic analysis and molecular docking

This study sought to investigate the possible inhibition mechanism of red rice polyphenols (RRP) on pancreatic α-amylase (PA) activity. RRP showed strong inhibition against PA activity and the half-inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value was 3.61 μg/mL. The fluorescence quenching of PA by RRP was a combination of static quenching and dynamic quenching. RRP could aggregate with PA and the physiochemical properties of the aggregates were closely related to the concentration of RRP. Kinetic analysis suggested that the inhibition mode of RRP on PA was reversible inhibition, which was a mixing of competitive inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition. Molecular docking speculated that RRP could form hydrogen bonds with PA by binding to the catalytic active sites (ASP197, GLU233 and ASP300) and the microenvironments of TRP58 and TRP59 were altered, thus inhibiting PA activity.     

纳米TiO2在果蔬包装中的应用研究进展

统计归纳了纳米TiO_2在食品保鲜中的应用及研究热点,分析了纳米TiO_2的抑菌机制及作用,综述了纳米TiO_2在水果、蔬菜、食用菌保鲜中的应用研究进展,展望了纳米TiO_2在食品保鲜领域未来的研究方向,以期为纳米TiO_2在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的产业化应用提供理论基础和技术参考。     

茶多酚对固始鸡生产性能和脂类代谢的影响

为了研究茶多酚对固始鸡生产性能和脂类代谢的影响,选取1日龄固始鸡90只,随机分为3组,1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,2、3组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加质量分数为0.025%和0.050%的茶多酚。于21日龄、42日龄时测定血清中脂类指标,于42日龄时测定腹脂率、肝脂率和生产性能。结果显示:0.025%、0.050%的茶多酚能降低试鸡血液中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量,明显增加血液中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,降低鸡的腹脂率和肝脂率,试验期试鸡的生产性能未受到任何影响。上述结果表明,饲料中添加茶多酚有利于改善固始鸡的脂类代谢。     

云南曲靖烟区烤烟多酚与挥发碱含量的空间分布特征研究

 为了解曲靖烟区烤烟中多酚与挥发碱含量的变化规律,采集了142个烤烟样品并利用地统计学与GIS技术结合的方法研究了中部叶（C3F）多酚和挥发碱总量的空间分布特征。结果表明：曲靖烟区烤烟多酚含量最大值为6.40%,最小值为3.34%,平均值为4.49%,富源最高,陆良最低;挥发碱含量最大值为0.34%,最小值为0.13%,平均值为0.22%,富源最低,陆良最高。曲靖烟区烤烟多酚含量表现出从东往西逐渐降低,随着海拔高度的增加而有明显的下降趋势。挥发碱含量则从东往西升高,与烤烟种植的海拔高度变化的关系不明显。     

苹果渣多酚超声波提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

通过正交试验确定了苹果渣多酚化合物提取的优化工艺条件,并对提取物的抗氧化性进行了研究。结果表明:乙醇浓度、超声功率和提取时间对提取效果影响显著,其优化工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%,超声功率225W,提取时间20min。苹果渣多酚提取物对羟自由基(·OH)的清除能力与脂质过氧化的抑制作用测定结果表明,苹果渣多酚提取物对清除羟自由基和抑制脂质过氧化均有较强的作用,清除率和抑制率分别达到91.1%和93.4%。     

啤酒花茎多酚的提取优化及其抗氧化活性

为啤酒花加工废弃物的综合开发利用提供参考,以啤酒花茎为试验材料,采用超声辅助丙酮法提取多酚,通过单因素试验考察料液比、提取时间、丙酮体积分数和提取次数4个因素对啤酒花茎多酚含量的影响,并利用响应面法优化其提取工艺。结果表明:通对响应面法建立的啤酒花茎多酚提取回归方程为Y=106.5+1.64A+2.13B+2.63C+11.12D+0.51AB-2.53AC+0.19AD+4.37BC-0.87BD-0.24CD-3.85A~2-2.41B~2+1.04C~2-3.65D~2,模型决定系数R2=0.933 8,该回归模型的拟合程度良好;最佳提取工艺为提取时间20min、料液比1∶12、丙酮体积分数60%、提取4次,此条件提取啤酒花茎多酚的含量为115.89mg/g,与理论预测值116.56mg/g接近。啤酒花茎多酚对DPPH自由基的清除率为90.70%,半清除浓度(SC_(50))为22.81g/mL。采用响应面法优化的啤酒花茎多酚超声辅助提取工艺准确可靠,可用于啤酒花茎多酚的实际提取;啤酒花茎多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性,可作为天然抗氧化资源进行开发利用。     

生态条件和种质因素对初烤烟叶次生代谢产物含量的影响

【目的】分析生态条件和种质因素对烤烟次生代谢产物含量的影响,为低危害烟叶生产提供理论依据。【方法】从贵州道真县、威宁县、盘县和天柱县采集K326、云烟87和贵烟1号3个烟草品种的C3F和B2F等级烟叶初烤样品,测定不同烟叶样本有机酸类、生物碱、多酚类、甾醇类物质等主要次生代谢产物含量,分析烤烟次生代谢产物含量的品种和地区差异性。【结果】同一地区3个品种(系)间的有机酸和生物碱含量差异不显著;道真县和盘县不同品种间烟叶多酚类物质含量、威宁县和盘县不同品种间烟叶甾醇类物质含量的差异均不显著;威宁县、天柱县不同品种间烟叶多酚类物质含量和道真县、天柱县不同品种间烟叶甾醇类物质含量的差异达显著或极显著水平。不同地区不同品种烟叶间的有机酸、生物碱、多酚和甾醇类物质含量差异明显,地区间烟叶主要次生代谢产物总含量的差别明显大于品种间。【结论】生态条件对烟叶次生代谢产物含量影响明显,种质因素对烟叶次生代谢产物含量影响较小。     

茶多酚对朗德鹅产肝性能和血清脂类成分的影响

采用单因素试验设计方案。将14周龄、体重相近的健康公朗德鹅150只随机分成5组,每组30只,每只一个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮基础上分别添加40、80、160、320mg/kg茶多酚,以研究茶多酚对朗德鹅产肝性能和血清脂类成分的影响。试验结果表明,1)160mg/kg添加组肥肝重、肝屠比,与对照组和320mg/kg添加组均差异显著(P<0.05),肝体比与对照组和320mg/kg添加组差异均显著(P<0.01)。2)320mg/kg添加组血清甘油三酯含量(TG)与对照组和其他试验组差异均显著(P<0.05);320mg/kg添加组血清总胆固醇含量(TC)与对照组差异均显著(P<0.05),与其他试验组差异不显著(P>0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)各组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验结论:在玉米型日粮添加40￣160mg/kg均能提高朗德鹅产肝性能,添加160mg/kg茶多酚朗德鹅产肝性能最佳,添加320mg/kg茶多酚能显著降低血清TG和TC含量。     

Drought Tolerance in Cotton: Involvement of Non-enzymatic ROS-Scavenging Compounds

Compounds with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability were studied. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pattern of polyphenols, contents of proline and carotenoids, and antiradical (AR) capacity were determined. The malonyldialdehyde (MDA) level was also assessed. Tolerant and sensitive cotton genotypes were compared, grown in the Aegean region of Turkey at normal (field capacity) and limited (1/3 field capacity) water supply. Chlorogenic acid isomers and flavonoids were identified in HPLC pattern of polyphenols. At normal water supply, the tolerant genotype was distinguished by a higher content of all polyphenol types, higher proline, carotenoids and AR capacity and lower MDA level compared with the sensitive genotype. In plants subjected to water deficit, a decline of all polyphenol compounds, carotenoids and AR capacity was observed. However, this response was less pronounced in the tolerant than in the sensitive genotype, i.e. despite the stress conditions imposed, the tolerant plants maintained a more effective defence system. The data are corroborated by the weaker structural membrane damage in the drought-exposed tolerant vs. sensitive genotype, according to the MDA test. Hence, diverse chemical types are involved in the non-enzymatic ROS-scavenging system of cotton plants and can be related to the drought tolerance of this important crop.     

阿月浑子总酚含量与褐变关系研究

对阿月浑子不同器官、同一器官不同季节以及组培苗不同继代时期,植物体内总酚含量变化的研究。结果表明,阿月浑子富含多酚物质,叶片总酚含量最高,不适合组培试验;茎段含量较少,较适宜组培且春季取材最佳。组培苗随着继代次数的增加酚类物质总量也有所增加但是幅度不大。通过对褐化抑制剂的筛选,确定适合阿月浑子组培实验的抑制剂为PVP,其剂量以1.3~1.5 g/L较好。