Chemical constituents from endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum

A new oxysporidinone analogue (1) and a new 3-hydroxyl-2-piperidinone derivative (2), along with the known compounds (−)-4,6′-anhydrooxysporidinone (3), (+)-fusarinolic acid (4), gibepyrone D (5), beauvercin (6),cerevisterol (7), fusaruside (8), and (2S,2′R,3R,3′E,4E,8E)-1-O-D-glucopyranosyl-2-N-(2′-hydroxy-3′-octadecenoyl)-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine (9) were isolated from Fusarium oxysporum. Compounds 1-9 were evaluated for cytotoxicity using the MTT method against cancer cell lines, PC-3, PANC-1, and A549. Beauvericin showed cytotoxicity against PC-3, PANC-1, and A549 with IC₅₀ value of 49.5 ± 3.8, 47.2 ± 2.9, and 10.4 ± 1.6 μM, respectively. Beauvericin also exhibited anti-bacterial activity towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 3.125 μg/mL) and Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 3.125 μg/mL).     

Presence of multiple corpora lutea affects the luteolytic response to prostaglandin F2α in lactating dairy cows

Since the 1970s, luteolytic doses used for synchronizing estrus in dairy cattle have remained unchanged. This study aimed to evaluate the dose-response effect of prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α), which is used for synchronizing estrus, and subsequent fertility in cows with two or more corpora lutea (CL). The study population consisted of 1,683 cows with a single CL (1CL), 501 cows with multiple CL receiving a single dose of PGF_2α (2CL1), and 252 cows with multiple CL receiving a 1.5 × PGF_2α dose (2CL1.5). Cows with a single CL (n = 1,245) showed estrus significantly (P < 0.01) earlier (3.01 ± 1.23 days; mean ± SD) than cows with multiple CL (n = 287; 3.33 ± 1.69 days). Using 1CL cows as reference, the odds ratio (OR) for the estrus response in 2CL1 cows was 0.13 (P < 0.0001), whereas the ORs for estrus response and pregnancy of 2CL1.5 cows were 1.8 (P = 0.0001) and 1.7 (P = 0.001), respectively. Based on the results for only the 2CL1 cows, the OR for the estrus response was 0.7 (P = 0.01) for cows producing ≥ 45 kg of milk at treatment, compared to the remaining cows producing < 45 kg of milk. Our results showed that the presence of multiple CL reduced the estrus response to that induced by a single PGF_2α dose and milk production was inversely associated with this response, whereas an increased PGF_2α dose improved the estrus response. Therefore, an increase in the standard PGF_2α dose is recommended.     

Synthesis, characterization, absolute structural determination and antifungal activity of a new chlorinated aromatic avenaciolide analogue

BACKGROUND: Avenaciolide, a natural product isolated from Aspergillus avenaceus H. Smith, possesses several interesting biological properties, such as antifungal and antibacterial activities and inhibition of glutamate transport in mitochondria. In a study aiming to discover new compounds with antifungal activity, a bis‐γ‐lactone analogous to avenaciolide was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and infrared and NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS: The absolute structures of this compound and of the synthetic precursor (also a bis‐γ‐lactone) were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The bis‐γ‐lactones synthesized crystallize in the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁, and the crystal packings are supported by C? H···O hydrogen bonds. The compound showed antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., while the synthetic precursor was inactive under the in vitro test conditions employed. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is not only the bis‐γ‐lactone skeleton that is important to antifungal activity. The latter also depends on the presence of the exocyclic double bond possibly due to a Michael addition type reaction with the fungal enzymes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

桃基因组中R类抗病基因同源序列的克隆与序列分析

许多抗病基因均具有核苷酸结合位点(NBS)和富含亮氨酸重复区(LRR)。根据已知的NBS-LRR型抗病基因蛋白质的保守序列,设计简并引物,用以扩增桃基因组中的抗病基因同源序列。获得一条大小约500 bp的扩增片段,克隆测序后得到4个NBS-LRR类抗病基因同源片段(PNBS1、PNBS2、PNBS3、PNBS4)。推导的氨基酸均具有P-loop(激酶1a)保守区和中间的激酶2a、激酶3a保守区,除PNBS4外,均具有3端疏水结构域。它们与已克隆的N、L6、PRS2 等抗病基因在核苷酸水平上的同源性为21 1%~58 8%;在氨基酸水平上的同源性为18 8%~41 4%。这些抗病基因同源片段(RGA)可做为分子标记筛选桃的抗病候选基因。     

Responses of the olfactory receptor neurons of the corn stalk borer Sesamia nonagrioides to components of the pheromone blend and their inhibition by a trifluoromethyl ketone analogue of the main component

Two types of olfactory hairs and three types of olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) have been characterized on the antennae of male Sesamia nonagrioides Lef for the first time. Type A sensilla housed a cell which fired large spikes in response to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac), the major component of the sex pheromone, and a second cell firing smaller spikes in response to (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), a minor component of the pheromone blend. Type B sensilla housed one cell firing large spikes to Z11-16:Ac and a cell firing smaller spikes to another minor component of the pheromone blend, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl alcohol (Z11-16:OH). No cell responding to dodecyl acetate, another minor component of the natural extract, was found. Fluorinated ketones were tested as inhibitors of the cell responses to pheromone compounds. The fluorinated derivatives tested, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z11-16:TFMK), n-hexadecyl trifluoromethyl ketone (16:TFMK), (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z9,E11-14:TFMK), 3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (OTFP), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z11-11:TFMK) and 1,1-difluoro-(Z)-11-hexadecenyl methyl ketone (Z11-16:DFMK), had no or only weak excitatory effects. However, the neuron responses to the pheromone compounds were significantly decreased in the presence of a constant stimulation with Z11-16:TFMK and the effect was reversible. The latencies of the responses to the acetate and aldehyde cells were significantly increased. The effects were not specific, since Z11-16:TFMK also inhibited the responses of the ORNs of Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. Correspondingly, Z9,E11-14:TFMK, an analogue of the main component of the pheromone of this latter insect, inhibited responses of S nonagrioides ORNs. Implications of these results on the utilization of Z11-16:TFMK as a communication disruptant are discussed.     

黑豆NBS类抗病基因同源片段的克隆与分析

根据已克隆的抗病基因保守结构域设计简并引物,以湖南黑豆（HH）为试材,通过RT-PCR,从cDNA中扩增抗病基因同源序列,测序鉴定出2个含有通读阅读框的DNA片段：FNBSl、FNBS3。FNBS1大小为534bp,编码178个氨基酸;FNBS3大小为513bp,编码169个氨基酸。BLASTP分析表明,2个片段均具有NB-ARC结构域（与植物抗病有关）,并且包含p-loop、Kinase-2、HD等结构域。基因FNBSl与大豆基因RPMl-like编码的氨基酸序列的同源性为98％,基因FNBS3与大豆基因N-like 编码的氨基酸序列的同源性为99％,推测FNBS1、FNBS3可能是黑豆NBS-LRR类抗病基因的核心区域。     

4β-卤代-4-脱氧鬼臼毒素和4β-氨基-4-脱氧鬼臼毒素的合成及其拒食活性

为研究鬼臼毒素类化合物结构与杀虫活性的关系,设计合成了3个4β-卤代-4-脱氧鬼臼毒素和4个4β-氨基-4-脱氧鬼臼毒素类化合物,通过IR、M S1、H NMR和元素分析对其结构进行了确证。采用小叶碟添加法测试了合成化合物对3龄粘虫M ythimna separate幼虫24h和48h的拒食活性,结果表明:4β-卤代-4-脱氧鬼臼毒素类化合物的活性相对高于氨基取代产物、母体化合物鬼臼毒素和对照品脱氧鬼臼毒素,其中4β-溴代-4-脱氧鬼臼毒素活性最高,其对粘虫幼虫24h和48h的AFC50分别为280.8和392.9mg/L,分别是母体化合物鬼臼毒素的3.43和1.90倍,是对照品脱氧鬼臼毒素的2.46和1.57倍;4β位引入氨基活性降低,4β-叠氮衍生物的活性最低。     

橙酮类似物的合成及抑菌活性

以芝麻酚和芳香醛为主要原料,经傅-克酰基化、关环和羟醛缩合反应,设计合成了14个未见文献报道的橙酮类似物,其结构均经1H NMR、MS和IR确证。初步抑菌活性测定结果表明:在100 mg/L下,所有目标化合物对7种供试病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中化合物 3a、3b、3c和3d 对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cirerea的抑制率达到100%, 3g 对小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum、玉米弯孢叶斑病菌Curvulavia lunata、棉花枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum vasinfectum、水稻稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea的抑制率均大于80%, 3m 对马铃薯干腐病菌Fusarium solani和玉米弯孢叶斑病菌的抑制率分别为100%和83.8%。     

Synthesis of 6-Halo-Substituted Pericosine A and an Evaluation of Their Antitumor and Antiglycosidase Activities

The enantiomers of 6-fluoro-, 6-bromo-, and 6-iodopericosine A were synthesized. An efficient synthesis of both enantiomers of pericoxide via 6-bromopericosine A was also developed. These 6-halo-substituted pericosine A derivatives were evaluated in terms of their antitumor activity against three types of tumor cells (p388, L1210, and HL-60) and glycosidase inhibitory activity. The bromo- and iodo-congeners exhibited moderate antitumor activity similar to pericosine A against the three types of tumor cell lines studied. The fluorinated compound was less active than the others, including pericosine A. In the antitumor assay, no significant difference in potency between the enantiomers was observed for any of the halogenated compounds. Meanwhile, the (−)-6-fluoro- and (−)-6-bromo-congeners inhibited α-glucosidase to a greater extent than those of their corresponding (+)-enantiomers, whereas (+)-iodopericosine A showed increased activity when compared to its (−)-enantiomer.     

GC-MS法同时测定生鲜乳中三聚氰胺及其类似物的研究

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法,建立了生鲜乳中三聚氰胺及其类似物的定性定量测定方法。试样中的三聚氰胺及其类似物经(乙腈∶水∶二乙胺=5:4:1,V/V)提取,饱和乙酸铅溶液沉淀蛋白后,氮气吹干,用BSTFA进行衍生化,气相色谱-质谱法测定。采用色谱保留时间和质谱碎片离子丰度比定性,内标法定量。采用SCAN全扫描的方式进行仪器方法学研究,每种化合物确定4个碎片离子作为监测离子,进行SIM模式定性定量分析。该方法生鲜乳中4种化合物的检出限为0.1～0.2 mg/kg;在20.0～1000μg/L的浓度范围内,线性相关系数r均大于0.999。在生鲜乳中添加0.50～50 mg/kg的三聚氰胺及其类似物,其回收率为62.0%～110.0%,相对标准偏差为2.4%～13.9%。