Effect of Tillage and Plant Residue Management Practices on Shrinkage of a Vertisol

A study was carried out to determine the effects of different tillage and plant residue management practices on different soil moisture and shrink-swell properties of a Vertisol (very fine, semctitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert (with less than 1 % slope). The core samples were collected in July (after harvesting of lentil) and in November (after planting of wheat) 1993. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that T2 tends to give higher water holding capacity and available moisture than T1. Immediate incorporation of plant residue (R1) tends to increase the bulk density and to decrease soil specific volume and void ratio when compared to late incorporation treatment (R2). In general, the two tillage treatments tend to decrease moisture availability, shrinkage characteristics, soil specific volume, and void ratio. They also tend to increase the soil shrinkage (subsidence and cracks volume) and bulk density. Chisel plough is recommended in Vertisols, if it is to be used before the rainfall.     

Effect of Tillage System on Soil Strength and Bulk Density of Vertisols

Improving the soil environment for seedling emergence and plant growth is possible using a good tillage system. From March 1993 until June 1994, the effect of tillage system and plant residue incorporation practices on the bulk density and the soil strength of the surface layer of a vertisol (very fine, smectitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert), on a less than 1 % slope, was investigated. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that R1 gave significantly higher bulk density than R2, while the different tillage treatments had no significant effect. Soil strength was significantly lower under T1 and R2 than under the other treatments.     

海南居住区植物的种植设计

居住区植物的种植设计是园林造景的重要景观元素设计途径之一。本文阐述了植物景观种植设计原理，探讨了海南居住区植物景观种植设计特点、种植模式的设计方法和思路。     

浅谈园林绿地景石设计

鉴于目前普遍的园林景观建设,针对绿地景石布置,从选材、设置理念到布置方式逐一进行了探讨,为绿地景石的布置设计提供参考。     

Photoperiodic Regulationof Apical Growth Cessation in Northern Tree Species

Summary

Tree species adapted to the climatic conditions of the northern boreal and subarctic vegetation zones have a capacity to develop a very high level of frost hardiness, even to survive the temperature of liquid nitrogen in midwinter. Proper timing of hardening, as well as of dehardening, is crucial for winter survival of these species. In northern tree species, cessation of apical elongation growth and bud set is a prerequisite for developmental and metabolic processes leading to hardening, and this chain of events is induced by photoperiod. The northern tree species are closely adapted to the local light climate and display photoperiodic ecotypes. The critical photoperiod is under genetic control and increases with increasing latitude of origin of the eco-type. The photoperiod is probably perceived by the phytochrome system, but the role of other pigment systems, like cryptochrome, has not been studied in woody plants. Phytochrome genes have been cloned from both conifers and deciduous species, but so far we do not have any information about possible differences between photoperiodic ecotypes at the phytochrome level. Northern and southern ecotypes have different responses to red:far red ratios, which could indicate differences in composition of their phytochrome systems, for example, the proportions of phytochrome A and B. Both phytochrome A and phytochrome B can be involved in photoperiodic responses. Experiments with transgenic hybrid aspen suggest that responses to photoperiod could be affected by the amount of phytochrome A present in plants. In deciduous species, the plant hormone gibberellin A₁ (GA1) can completely substitute for a long photoperiod, and short day induced cessation of growth is preceded by a significant reduction of GA1 levels, particularly in the elongation zone. Photoperiodic control of GA metabolism is supported by several studies, but very little is known about the interaction between phytochrome and GA metabolism and/or responsiveness to GA1. Although our knowledge is still very fragmentary, available results suggest that cessation of growth and initiation of hardening in trees can be controlled both through the phytochrome and the GA mediated systems. Research with tree species is a tedious and slow process, but with the emerging new methods and approaches, we may expect exciting new results in the near future.     

Metabolie Engineering of Flower Color in Ornamental Plants

Abstract

Advances in the knowledge of plant pigment pathways at genetic, biochemical and molecular levels, and the establishment of genetic transformation methods for an increasing number of plant species have paved the way to genetic engineering of flower and plant color for ornamental purposes. From trial-and-error approaches based on the available few genes, the trend is now to comprehensively study the target species, genotypes and pigment pathways to precisely address specific breeding goals. This review examines the state of the art in this field, from the pioneering stages to fundamental and applied research on flavonoids, which is being extended to carotenoids and is also likely to involve other pigments in the near future.     

国内外麻类收获机械的现状、问题与对策

回顾了国内外麻类收获机械的研究历程和现状，分析了存在的问题及原因．提出了今后我国麻类收获机械的发展对策。     

野生植物扁蓄的坪用价值研究

对3种野生草本植物进行了坪用栽培,详细观察研究了3种植物的物候期表现、生长习性和绿化效果。试验表明:扁蓄极耐严寒,对干旱、水涝、高温等逆境适应性强,抗污染能力强,保持绿色时间长,发挥绿化功能快,不择土壤,种植管理方便,可作为园林草坪绿化的优良地被植物。     

衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地自然恢复灌丛阶段植物群落主要种群生态位特征

通过对衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地自然恢复灌丛阶段植物群落生态位特征进行研究，结果表明：（1）大部分种群水平生态位宽度不宽，只有3个种群宽度大于0.5以上；（2）垂直生态位也较窄，各种群垂直生态位多集中于0.1-0.3之间，占84.5%，表明对垂直空间利用不充分；（3）虽然各种群之间的生态位重叠值均非常小，但有78.00%的种对间存在水平生态位重叠，表明各种对间对资源的共享趋势较为明显，各种群对资源分享的程度很高；（4）所有的种对均存在垂直生态位重叠，表明各种对资源的分享程度极为剧烈；（5）各种对水平生态位相似性比例较低，而高度生态位相似性比例则较高，说明各种群对以光为主导因子的高度资源要求相似。     

海南野生观赏植物资源及其在园林中的应用

介绍了海南适宜在园林中应用的野生观赏植物资源,探讨了影响海南野生观赏植物在园林中推广的因素及栽培应用的意义,提出了野生观赏植物在园林中栽培应用的策略。