地表多水门管道畦灌试验研究

多水门管道灌溉是采用多水口管道替代水沟的一种地表灌溉方式。１９９３至１９９５年试验结果表明，多水门管道灌溉和传统水沟灌溉相比，具有节水、节能、改善灌水分布均匀度，提高灌溉质量，缩短灌溉时间和扩大作物种植面积等优点     

RECREATING SMALL SEAMLESS TUBE MILLS BY PIERCING INSFEAD OF ROLLING

This paper discuss the effects of automatic plug mills in small seamless tube mills. Far from traditional ideas,the auther comes rp with mew ideas, which adot the mew process of replacing rolling by piercing,a huge sum of economical interests and great social benefits will be gained.     

Determination of Pile-Soil Parameters for Steel Pipe Pile Subjected to Lateral Load

In this paper,in terms of the measured data(including the deflection and slope at the ground surface of the pile,the maximum bending moment and its position),the biparameter method is used to analyze the pile-soil parameters.Two examples show that the method in present paper is reasonable and reliable,and it provides the reference value for the engineering design.     

内混式自吸离心泵自吸性能影响因素的试验研究

针对比转速为74~112的5台内混式自吸离心泵,采用3种不同直径吸水管和6种不同隔舌间隙,对其规定高度自吸时间和极限真空度进行了较全面的试验研究,并对试验结果进行了综合分析。结果表明,对于内混式自吸离心泵,规定高度自吸时间总体上随吸水管内初始存气量的增加而成线性递增,而极限真空度与吸水管内的初始存气量无关;当隔舌间隙为1~6 mm时,隔舌间隙越小,自吸性能越好;泵的额定流量越大,自吸性能受隔舌间隙的影响越大。该研究对内混式自吸离心泵的水力设计、部分结构参数的确定以及自吸性能的进一步提高具有较重要的意义。     

Managing the water balance of The Fayoum Depression,Egypt

A study of the water balances of The Fayoum irrigated lands and Lake Qarun was made to investigate the management of the irrigation system and the efficiency of irrigation water use. The two water balances are strongly interrelated. The drainage flow to Lake Qarun and the water level of the Lake are in delicate balance. A rise in Lake level causes the inundation of adjacent land. Management of The Fayoum water balance assumes control over irrigation water flows, but this control has technical and organizational limitations. Also discussed is the influence of irrigation practices in The Fayoum on the water balance (e.g., the autumn flushing of fields and farmers' preference for not irrigating at night in winter). Notwithstanding a high overall efficiency, irrigation efficiency during the winter is low. The reasons for this are given, together with the constraints against improving system management. Improved uniformity of the division and application of irrigation water will enable a better technical control of flows and will result in better water management in The Fayoum. Abbreviations: FID — Fayoum Irrigation Department, 1 feddan (fe) — 0.4 ha, 1 mcm — 1 million cubic metres: an average annual flow of 3.17 m³/s gives 100 mcm, m³/fe.year — supplied volume (m³) per surface area (fe) per year: 1000 m³/fe.year equals 240 mm/year, MSL — Mean Sea Level     

分叉管流动的数值模拟

采用非结构、非均匀的网格和有限元方法,通过求解Navier-Stokes方程,对90°分叉管的流动进行了并行数值模拟的研究。计算网格为500000个有限单元,计算Reynolds数为1500。计算结果给出了90°分叉管详细的流动结构。     

井灌区地下管道输水灌溉工程设计的研究

近几年来,井灌区地下管道输水灌溉(以下简称“管灌”)工程发展很快。保证“管灌”工程质量,发挥其应有效益,提高“管灌”工程设计水平非常必要。本文就井灌区地下硬塑管、混凝土管输水灌溉工程设计的依据、方法,水力计算,管径选择,设计灌溉面积等方面,从实际应用角度提出研究意见。     

灌溉试验站规划的有关问题

根据全国的气候、农业、水利及经济发展水平等区划，合理地选择各省的中心站及重点试验站，并对其进行科学地规划设计，对于总体把握我国灌溉试验基础数据尤为重要。针对目前正在全国进行的灌溉试验站网规划，对省级中心站及重点站的课题规划、试验站的总体布置及设施设备规划和做好本次规划的其他有关问题进行了探讨。     

Surface drainage requirement of crops: Application of a piecewise linear model for evaluating submergence tolerance

Crop tolerance to land submergence is an important criterion for designing a surface drainage system for agricultural lands. This paper collates the available data from various places in India related to the studies on the submergence tolerance of crops. The paper hypothesizes that a piecewise linear model could be used to describe crop response to land submergence. According to this hypothesis, there would be no yield decline for a few initial days of submergence. If submergence continues beyond this period then there would be linear decline in yield. The unknown parameters in the model are: optimum yield, threshold time and the slope which represents the per cent yield reduction per day of additional submergence beyond the threshold.Data in respect of wheat, pigeon peas, cowpeas, pearlmillet, maize and groundnuts indicate that the model describes the data well, although in many cases the threshold is 0.0. The yield reduction varies from 5.3 to 23.2% for each day of submergence beyond the threshold. It appears that to allow for more than 1–2 days of submergence will result in more than 10% reducation in yield of dryfoot crops. For the maize crop, the seedling stage is the most sensitive stage followed by the silking stage. The grain formation stage is the least sensitive, although even at this stage the threshold is 0.0 and yield reduction is 9.3% for each day of submergence beyond the threshold. The data for 9 test crops from Texas and Venezuela were well described by the model. It is concluded that the piecewise linear model is a useful tool for describing submergence tolerance of crops and for working out surface drainage requirements for a given level of yield reduction. Frequency analysis of the daily rainfall data from some selected locations indicates that there is every likelihood of submergence at most of the stations. It is suggested that there is an urgent need for developing wet farming techniques analogous to dry farming techniques.