深山含笑育苗技术及苗木物候与生长规律研究

对深山含笑的种子采集、处理、种子千粒重、优良度及育苗方法进行了观测试验，对其苗木物候、根系生长、苗木生物量分布及苗木高生长规律进行了初步研究。     

低海拔地区浙江红花油茶无性系的开花物候特性

为研究低海拔区域浙江红花油茶无性系开花物候特性,对浙江金华东方红林场的22个浙江红花油茶无性系开花物候、花期长短、开花数量进行了调查观测。结果表明:低海拔地区浙江红花油茶无性系花期始于1月下旬,结束于4月中下旬,花期长达62.5 d,花期较集中,但开花期容易受到气候的影响。不同浙江红花油茶无性系开花物候差异显著,开花期最早的是无性系dy144,最晚的是无性系hy31。花期持续时间最长的是无性系hy54、hy179,花期持续时间均值为53.5 d;最短的是无性系hy58,花期持续时间均值为26.5d。22个无性系之间开花数量存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。根据本试验的研究结果,其中无性系dy156、hy8、hy28、hy31、hy43、hy47、hy59、hy63、hy54、hy71、hy179可以考虑作为园林观赏推广品种。     

中国紫胶虫生活史及其胶表物候

中国紫胶虫（Ｋｅｒｒｉａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）与其它胶蚧一样，均隐匿在其胶被内生长发育，外观难以看到各虫龄期的体形特征。用图表形式把各虫龄期及其相关的泌胶形态和冬夏两代各自所需无数标出，即可清楚看出该虫生活史、生活周期及各发育阶段期间的变化和关系。同时，列出各虫龄期特征检索表，便于在科研与生产中应用。     

Differential overstory leaf flushing contributes to the formation of a patchy understory

Understory individuals were found to form patches in a 100-year-old deciduous broad-leaved forest. The closed forest canopy was uniform, and so the light conditions at various locations across the forest floor differed little after the leaf flush of the overstory. To explain the distribution pattern in the understory, a hypothesis was proposed: in spring, the forest floor is divided into patches according to the timing of leaf flush of the overstory individuals, and the light conditions are more favorable for understory plants under the crowns of trees with later-flushing leaves. In the plot, three groups of early, intermediate, and late, were recognized in the overstory concerning the timing of leaf flush. As for the start of leaf flush, a difference of 31.6 days was recognized among tree species, and for the end of leaf flush, a difference of 40.3 days. In the spring of 1998, the relative photosynthetic-photon-flux density under an intensively studiedCastanea crenata tree (late-flushing species) usually showed higher values than that under a similarly studiedAcer mono tree (early-flushing species). Analysis of the spatial-distribution pattern using Morisita’s1δ index revealed that the understory community had an aggregated distribution. In the overstory, the late- and the intermediate-flushing-species groups showed aggregated distributions, while the early-flushing-species group showed random distribution. Spatial correlation between the understory and the overstory was analyzed by using Morisita’sRδ index. The distribution of whole understory community spatially co-occurred with that of the late-flushing-species group of the overstory. In contrast, the understory community was less developed below the members of the early-flushing-species group of the overstory. We consider that the data presented here support our hypothesis, and we suggest that the growth and survival of understory individuals were promoted in the places receiving light for long periods in spring.     

Effect of shoot size and phenological variation of host plants on the spatial patterns of cynipid galls

The effects of shoot size and differences in budburst phenology ofQuercus serrata trees on the spatial patterns of galls were investigated for two cynipid species: the sexual generation ofAndricus moriokae and the agamic generation ofAphelonyx glanduliferae. There were marked differences in budburst phenology, but these did not affect the gall density on the tree. The galls of both cynipids showed a contagious distribution in their respective trees, but different abundance patterns under high gall density. The mean number of galls ofA. glanduliferae over a shoot size range was positively correlated with shoot size. More galls ofA. moriokae appeared on larger shoots on trees on which many buds had started growing before oviposition by the agamic adults. In the case of a tree on which a few buds had burst by the time of oviposition, the mean numbers ofA. moriokae galls on shoots of particular size ranges depended on the frequency of shoots in the size class. These results suggest that, although these cynipids prefer to attack larger shoots within a host tree, they may exhibit plasticity in their preference in response to changes in budburst phenology of the host plant relative to the time of oviposition.     

黑松引种试验研究

对引种的黑松进行了育苗和多点造林试验,从生长和抗逆性上进行了观测.苗期试验表明,黑松苗期在小陇山林区适应性强,苗期保存率高于油松,苗期生长表现与油松差异不显著,2年生苗木平均地径0.61 cm ,平均苗高16.30 cm.多点造林试验表明,黑松适应小陇山林区的气候、立地条件,抗鼠害能力比油松强,造林成活率和保存率比油松高,幼林生长表现与油松差异不显著.8年生黑松林分平均胸径3.20 cm,平均高2.98 m.引种获得成功,丰富了小陇山林区营造生态公益林的种质资源.     

毛乌素沙地植被物候变化及其对气候变化的响应

[目的]分析植被物候时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应,为区域荒漠化土地治理以及退化生态环境的恢复重建工作提供理论依据。[方法]以毛乌素沙地为研究区,基于2000—2019年的MODIS NDVI数据,采用双逻辑函数法拟合植被生长曲线,利用动态阈值法提取植被生长开始日期(SOS)、生长季结束日期(EOS)和生长季长度(GSL)3个物候参数,利用Theil-Sen Median和Mann-Kendall方法对物候进行趋势分析,并利用相关性分析及F检验方法研究物候与气候的关系。[结果](1) SOS呈提前趋势,平均提前0.7 d/a, EOS变化趋势不明显,GSL呈延长趋势,平均延长0.65 d/a。(2)SOS的多年均值主要集中在一年中的第90—140 d,在空间上由东到西逐渐推迟,EOS的多年均值主要集中在第300—330 d,空间上由南向北逐渐提前,GSL多年均值集中在第180—250 d,空间上由东到西逐渐缩短。(3)植被SOS与春季累计降水量、3—4月降水量呈负相关的区域面积分别为90.81%,83.85%和61.70%,与春季季前平均温度、3—4月平均温度呈负相关的区域面积为58...     

北京植被净初级生产力对物候变化的响应

植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity,NPP）对物候的响应是全球气候变化背景下的重要研究内容,气候变化对植物物候与NPP的影响仍需明了,物候的时空变异规律更需深入探讨。该研究基于2001-2020年MODIS归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）数据提取北京植被物候信息,利用CASA（Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach）模型模拟NPP,通过线性回归、趋势分析和结构方程模型等方法,阐明NPP与物候时空变化特征,探究气象因素和物候变化对NPP的影响。结果显示：1）2001-2020年超过70 %的区域出现生长季开始（Start of Growing Season,SOS）逐渐提前,平均每年提前0.53 d。超过90%的区域生长结束期（End of Growing Season,EOS）逐渐推迟,平均每年推迟0.51 d。2）SOS提前和生长季（Length of Growing Season,LOS）延长均对NPP增长产生显著影响（P<0.05）。SOS每提前1 d,NPP增长3.74 g/m2;LOS每延长1 d,NPP增长2.56 g/m2 。秋季EOS推迟对NPP变化影响不显著。3）春季和秋季,气候通过改变物候（SOS、EOS）对NPP的间接影响大于直接影响,而夏季温度和降雨对NPP的直接影响更大。该研究表明春季物候变化是NPP年际变异的重要驱动因子,春季物候提前导致NPP年总量增加。研究结果是都市区植被生产力如何响应气候变化认识的重要补充。     

衡水市常见园林植物的物候期观察

以衡水市园林植物为试材,通过连续2年的调查,观测了各园林植物的萌芽期、展叶期、开花期、果实发育期、叶片变色期和落叶期等物候变化.结果表明,衡水市的园林植物物候期分布较合理,从3月中旬开始一直持续到12月底,但花期过于集中,在植物的配置与栽培管理方面需要加强.2011年同2010年相比较,园林植物物候期存在明显提前的现象,大部分植物全年的物候期比2010年延长了15～30 d不等.在不同时期,植物表现出明显的种内与种间差异,这些差异数据可为园林绿化的树种选择、合理配置以及研究气候变化规律提供理论参考.     

Growth Analysis, Herbage and Seed Yield of Certain Forage Legume Species Under Rainfed Conditions

The need to increase forage production for the growing livestock population in the Mediterranean region necessitates the evaluation of various promising forage species with respect to maximum herbage yield, optimum time for harvest and seed yield. Seven forage legumes, woolly pod vetch ( Vicia villosa subsp. dasycarpa accession 683), narbon vetch (V. narbonensis accession 67), common vetch ( V. sativa selections 2541, 2037, 2020), common chickling ( Lathyrus sativus selection 439) and ochrus chickling ( L. ochrus selection 104) were compared over two years with contrasting rainfall. In both years the entries were sown in November and their primary growths sampled periodically during growth. For each sample, phenology, total dry matter, leaf area index (LAI) and, at maturity, total dry matter, seed yield and harvest index, were recorded.
In both seasons, narbon vetch attained the highest dry matter and seed yields, and there was very limited variability in the maximum dry matter yield of the other entries. In general, the maximum dry matter occurred at 20–50 % podding in woolly pod vetch, 100 % podding in common vetch selection 2541 (local), narbon vetch and common chickling and at maturity in common vetch selection 2037, selection 2020 and ochrus chickling.
Throughout the vegetative to early flowering stages, woolly pod vetch had the highest dry matter yield and LAI. Possible uses of each species as animal feed are discussed.