几种酚酸对毛竹种子发芽的影响

针对连续多年覆盖后雷竹林产生的衰退减产问题,从竹林覆盖物料对竹子的化感作用角度对衰退的原因进行了分析.利用外施不同浓度和种类的酚酸以及稻草、竹叶水浸液对毛竹种子进行发芽实验,以探求酚酸等化感物质对竹子生长的影响.试验结果表明,随处理液浓度的上升,几种酚酸和稻草、竹叶水浸液对毛竹种子的抑制作用增强.稻草、竹叶2种覆盖物1倍浸提母液处理后长出的种子胚根迅速失活死亡,5、10倍2种浸提母液对发芽势、胚根长度、胚根质量有促进作用.100 mg·L-1酚酸或混合酚酸液使胚根长度与对照相比减少24.49%～48.99%,胚根质量减少9.17%～38.08%;500 mg·L-1酚酸或混合酚酸液可使胚根长度减少73.48%～88.63%,胚根质量减少76.00%～90.83%.据此认为,覆盖物产生并在土壤中累积的大量酚酸可抑制竹林根系生长,并导致雷竹林经连续多年覆盖后衰退和减产.     

北京西山春季侧柏游憩林内挥发物成分及其日变化规律

The research adopts open sampling method and TCT-GC/MS (Thermodesorption Cold Trap-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometery) apparatus to collect and analyze the volatile organic compounds(VOCs) of Platycladus orientalis forest, with the intention of researching the compounds and diurnal variation of VOCs of P. orientalis forest in natural state in Beijing Western Hills in spring. The results are as follows: (1) There are 160 kinds (11 categories) of volatile organic compounds, containing Alkyl Hydrocarbon, Ketone, Alcohol, Acid, Aldehyde, Alkene, Ester, Aromatic hydrocarbon, Ether, Hydroxybenzene and Amide. The content of Alkyl Hydrocarbon, Ketone, Acid and Aldehyde occupy a greater percentage among all compounds. (2) The diurnal variation curve of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) is characterized as "one peak at 11:00(36.44%) and one vale at 3:00(12.76%)". Generally, the concentration at daytime is higher than that of night, and higher in morning than in afternoon, with the maximum at noon. (3) The change of Alkyl Hydrocarbon concentration is greater in the morning and about midday, less in the afternoon and night. The diurnal variation curve of Ketone concentration appears as "three peaks and three vales". 1:00, 5:00—7:00 and 11:00 are peak time, 3:00, 9:00 and 17:00 are vale time. As to Acid, its concentration appears two obvious phases: the higher phase is from 9:00 to 17:00, with the maximum at 11:00, and the lower phase is from 19:00 to 7:00, with the minimum at 5:00. Concerning Aldehyde concentration, 17:00 and 19:00 are the higher phases and also has obvious difference with other time, while the lower phrase has no obvious difference with each other. (4) Alkene is the most important compound to human health. Its concentration appears as "one peak" at 15:00, which has obvious difference with other time. Totally, its content at daytime is higher than that at night, and higher in afternoon than in morning.     

Reactivity of green tea catechins with formaldehyde

In the reaction of green tea catechins with formaldehyde at room temperature (25°C), tea catechins were found to have reactivity. In particular, (-)-epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, which have a galloyl moiety at the C-3 position, showed higher reactivity than (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, or (-)-epigallocatechin. Reactivity of various kinds of simple phenolic compounds and flavonoids with formaldehyde was also examined. Among these compounds, only phloroglucinol showed reactivity to the same degree as that of nongalloylated catechins. These results suggest that factors for reactivity with formaldehyde at room temperature may be the presence of a phloroglucinolic A-ring structure and the absence of the electron-attractive group such as a carbonyl group in Cring. The comparison of the reactivity of 3-O-acylated catechins with that of 3-O-galloylated catechins indicated that only a galloyl group effectively enhanced reactivity with formaldehyde.     

圆柏枝叶对小鼠自发行为及生理生化指标的影响

选择城市绿化重要树种圆柏为研究对象,探讨北美圆柏枝叶对小鼠自发活动及其生理生化指标的影响及挥发性物质与环境间的关系。采用旷场分析法,将入组的30只昆明小鼠分成3组:对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,低剂量组和高剂量组分别对应地暴露于210 g和420 g圆柏枝叶中,每天4 h,连续处理6 d,观察小鼠各行为指标,结合医学手段分析小鼠相应的生理生化指标。结果表明,小鼠的中央格运动路程、总路程及中央格运动时间都呈现一定的剂量反应;体质量呈稳定增长趋势;生理指标正常,生化指标有部分超出正常范围。经低浓度枝叶挥发物处理的小鼠兴奋性增强,探究和认知能力增强,且其食欲没有受到影响,但是引起部分生化指标的异常,其作用机制还需进一步的探索。研究结果为圆柏作为生态保健树用于城市森林人居环境建设绿化配置提供科学依据。     

桐油酰亚胺酚醛树脂耐热性研究

采用创新工艺，以廉价二胺和马来酸酐为原料，合成成本低廉的新型双马来酰亚胺（ABMI）。以此双马来酰亚胺与桐油及酚醛树脂反应，制备了具有较好耐热性的桐油酰亚胺酚醛树脂。重点讨论了不同原料，如桐油、双马来酰亚胺及酚醛树脂的用量、固化反应温度及固化反应时间等因素对树脂耐热性的影响。当桐油、双马来酰亚胺、酚醛树脂的质量比为1：0．3：0．2，温度180℃烘烤3h固化时，所得树脂具有较好的耐热性，温度指数可达168℃。     

Composition of pyrolyzate from Japanese green tea

Green tea is a beverage that is produced by hot-water extraction of the leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). As the amount of green tea consumption has increased, the importance of using the residue has grown. To address this problem, chemical compositions of two pyrolyzates obtained with an electric kiln, L and G, which were obtained from the tea leaf product and its hot-water extraction residue, respectively, were examined. Both pyrolyzates were alkaline, in contrast to the acidic pHs that are typical of pyrolyzates from wood materials. The major constituents were nitrogen-containing compounds, which accounted for up to about 70% (based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry peak area). Caffeine was the main compound in both samples, although it might not be a pyrolysis product but actually sublimates from the samples and then condenses back into the pyrolyzates. Other nitrogen-containing compounds were formed mainly from proteins and amino acids. Acids and phenols, which are typical components in pyrolyzates obtained from wood materials and contribute to acidic pH, were rare in both samples. Other neutral compounds are known as compounds in pyrolyzates from wood materials. The pyrolyzates obtained in this experiment were novel and may have new uses.Contents of this report was presented in the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, 2002     

Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in two plum cultivars. 1. Improvement of fruit growth and quality attributes at harvest

Two plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cultivars ‘Black Splendor’ (BS) and ‘Royal Rosa’ (RR) were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at 3 concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) along the on-tree fruit development: 63, 77 and 98 days after full blossom (DAFB). On a weekly basis, fruit samples were taken for measuring fruit size and weight and parameters related to quality. Results revealed that MeJA was effective in increasing fruit size and weight, the 0.5 mM being the most effective for BS cultivar and 2.0 mM for RR. At harvest, those fruit treated with 0.5 mM MeJA had the highest firmness and colour Hue values. Total acidity was also generally higher in MeJA-treated fruit than in controls, while the content of total soluble solids remained unaffected. In addition, total phenolics and total antioxidant activity were found at higher concentrations in 0.5 and 2.0 mM MeJA-treated than in control fruit over at last 3 weeks of fruit development for BS and RR cultivars, respectively. Overall results suggest that MeJA could be a promising preharvest tool to increase plum size and quality with enhanced bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, although the optimum concentration is cultivar dependent.     

Dynamics of arsenic-containing compounds sorption on sediments

Background  River and lake sediments constitute complex and difficult analytical samples. On the other hand, sediments play a fundamental role in the distribution of toxic compounds in aquatic systems and in the evaluation of the current state and the course of changes taking place in the environment. Among elements present in the environment in trace concentrations, but having well-elaborated toxic properties, one of most dangerous is arsenic. The element occurs in the environment in several chemical forms, predominant are inorganic forms of As(V) and As(III), and methylated forms such as monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA). Objectives  Reported herein are experiments, which were undertaken with the aim of examining the dynamics of arsenic sorption in sediments and its dependence on speciation of the element and the pH in the environment. Simultaneously, influence of organic matter content and chemical composition of the sediments on As sorption, were investigated. Methods  Sediment samples (upper 10 cm layer) were collected from three sites located in the vicinity of Cracow:

硼改性酚醛树脂与丁腈橡胶比例对摩擦材料性能的影响

为探究硼改性酚醛树脂与丁腈橡胶的质量比(BPF/NBR)对复合摩擦材料力学性能、耐热性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用不同比例的丁腈橡胶和硼改性酚醛树脂作为复合摩擦材料基体,添加碳纤维、钢纤维、石墨、氧化铝粉和沉淀硫酸钡制成复合摩擦材料。对复合摩擦材料的密度、硬度、压缩强度和摩擦磨损性能进行了测试,用变焦距体视显微镜观察磨损表面,并分析其磨损机理。用差分扫描量热仪对摩擦材料进行耐热性分析。结果表明:BPF/NBR质量比对复合摩擦材料的力学性能、耐磨及耐热性影响较大;当硼改性酚醛树脂与丁腈橡胶质量比为6∶1时,复合摩擦材料有最高的密度、硬度和压缩强度,分别为1.933 g/cm~3、105 HRL和134 MPa;当硼改性酚醛树脂与丁腈橡胶质量比为5∶1时,摩擦材料的磨损量最小;随着BPF/NBR比例增大,复合摩擦材料表面抗犁削作用增强,黏着转移减弱。利用丁腈橡胶二次改性硼改性酚醛树脂能显著提高硼改性酚醛树脂的耐热性能,且硼改性酚醛树脂与丁腈橡胶的最佳比例介于4∶1和5∶1之间。     

笋子芥和茎瘤芥生物活性物质与抗氧化能力分析

为了全面了解笋子芥和茎瘤芥的营养价值,以笋子芥和茎瘤芥为研究对象,对茎肉、茎皮和叶柄等食用部位的生物活性物质含量与抗氧化能力进行分析。结果表明,不同类型和食用部位间的生物活性物质含量与抗氧化能力存在显著差异。叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、原花青素、类黄酮、总酚和抗氧化能力均呈现叶柄茎皮茎肉的趋势,维生素C与之相反;茎瘤芥中的生物活性物质含量显著高于笋子芥,而笋子芥的抗氧化能力显著高于茎瘤芥。主成分分析表明,生物活性物质含量差异主要来自于食用部位因素,其次是类型因素。遗传方差比率分析表明,叶绿素、维生素C、原花青素和类黄酮含量和抗氧化能力的变异受食用部位的影响大于类型的影响,而类胡萝卜素和总酚则相反,此外,叶绿素和维生素C受类型×食用部位互作因素的影响较大。相关性分析表明,抗氧化能力与原花青素和类黄酮含量呈显著正相关关系,表明原花青素和类黄酮对抗氧化能力可能有较大贡献。本研究为人们日常膳食及其营养搭配提供一定依据和参考。