棕色棉纤维中酚类物质动态变化与色素合成的关系

以4种棕色棉和1种白色棉为试验材料,在定性鉴定不同发育阶段棉纤维中酚类物质存在的基础上,定量测定了棉纤维发育过程中酚类物质及与酚类物质代谢有关的多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性的变化规律。发现在开花后40 d之前棉纤维都存在着酚类物质。棕色棉各发育时期酚类物质含量均高于白色棉,开花后40 d之后,白色棉纤维中的酚类     

Burning Issues: Sustainability and Management of Australia's Southern Forests

2011, CSIRO Publishing, 150 Oxford Street, PO Box 1139, Collingwood, VIC 3036, Australia

144 pages, softcover

ISBN 9780643094437. Price AU$49.95     

马蓝次生代谢产物研究进展

马蓝是一种常用的道地药材,地下根茎与根常作为生产板蓝根及制剂的原料,具有多种药效功能。药用植物中有效成分大多数为植物次生代谢产物,但当前就马蓝次生代谢方面的研究却鲜有报道。本研究以植物的次生代谢为出发点,结合马蓝目前已经报道的药效成分研究现状,着重从酚类、萜类、含氮化合物3种次生代谢产物对马蓝次生代谢产物研究概况进行阐述,旨在为马蓝药效成分形成的分子机制研究提供理论基础,为进一步开展马蓝种质创新工作奠定基础。     

Relevance of Osmotic and Frost Protecting Compounds for the Winter Hardiness of Autumn Sown Sugar Beet

The cultivation of autumn sown sugar beet (winter beet) is supposed to result in a marked yield increase compared with spring sown sugar beet. Although the importance of the growth stage reached before winter for the survival of autumn sown sugar beet has already been shown, it is not clear to which extent osmotic and potentially frost protecting compounds may contribute to winter hardiness. The study thus aimed to analyse the acclimatization process of sugar beet to low temperatures and to identify compounds which are important for survival of frost. Field trials with autumn sown sugar beet were conducted at eleven environments in Germany from 2009/10 to 2012/13, which were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with controlled temperature regimes. In the field trials, the survival rates after winter varied from 0 % to 99 %, but only in four environments differences between the five genotypes occurred. During acclimatization, betaine, glutamine, proline and raffinose were markedly accumulated and osmolality was enhanced. In particular betaine, amino acids and osmolality showed a positive correlation to the survival rate and were thus identified as potentially frost protecting substances for sugar beet. In contrast, raffinose and proline seem to act rather as stress indicators as they were negatively related to survival. Possible frost protecting substances were identified which can be used in breeding to improve the winter hardiness of sugar beet.     

软儿梨冷冻贮藏过程酚类物质与多酚氧化酶的区域化分布

为研究冷冻贮藏中不同部位酚类物质和多酚氧化酶的分布特征,以青海省地方梨优良品种‘软儿梨’果实为研究材料,采用高效液相色谱法和比色法测定软儿梨果实后熟(室温)、冻藏(-18℃)和解冻(室温)3个时期的果皮、果肉中总多酚、绿原酸的含量和多酚氧化酶活性。结果表明:软儿梨果实后熟后,酚类物质果肉?果皮,多酚氧化酶则果皮?果肉;冷冻贮藏过程中,不同部位的酚类物质和多酚氧化酶均呈现不同程度的升高,但绿原酸在果皮急剧下降、果肉中略有增加。解冻后总体呈下降趋势,2个部位总酚、多酚氧化酶下降明显,而果皮中的绿原酸变化不大。研究表明:软儿梨果实后熟后,酚类物质和多酚氧化酶分布呈现区域化,冷冻贮藏加剧了酚类物质和多酚氧化酶活性的积累,导致了软儿梨冷冻贮藏后果皮先于果肉发生了褐变。     

陈年普洱茶香气成分及清除DPPH自由基活性研究

为研究陈年普洱茶的特征风味成分及生物活性,采用顶空-固相微萃取-气质联用法测定了3种陈年普洱茶中挥发性物质,结合质谱和保留指数共鉴定出57种化合物,其中甲氧基酚类、醇类及酮类化合物为主要香气成分。同时采用比色法测得3种普洱茶的沸水提取物的茶多酚含量分别为(41.91±1.98)、(43.84±2.56)及(41.28±2.57) mg GAE/(g·DW),并对3种普洱茶的1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH·)自由基清除效果进行研究。结果表明3种普洱茶均具有较好的清除DPPH自由基能力,且呈剂量依赖性,测得3种普洱茶提取物清除DPPH·自由基的IC₅₀分别为(129.03±0.25)、(139.47±1.58)及 (152.57±3.34) mg GAE/L。     

Fire-resistant performance of a laminated veneer lumber joint with metal plate connectors protected with graphite phenolic sphere sheeting

Creep under fire of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) joined with metal connectors was studied. The fire-resistant performance of LVL butt joints connected with metal plates protected with graphite phenolic sphere (GPS) sheeting was discussed. The GPS sheeting was overlaid on the joint in different sizes and locations. The joint was exposed to a burner with a top flame temperature of 800°C and loaded with a load of 200 N to test for creep under fire. The results showed that the fire-resistant performance of the joint was markedly improved by the sheeting. The size and location of the GPS sheet significantly affected the time to rupture of the specimen, which was six times longer than that without GPS. Temperature measurements at the joint showed that the GPS sheeting distributed the heat along the surface and delayed failure. Thermographic images and analyses clarified the improvement in fire-resistant properties due to GPS.     

Iridoid, phenylethanoid and flavonoid glycosides from Sideritis trojana

From the MeOH extract of Sideritis trojana, a new iridoid glycoside, 10-O-(E)-feruloylmelittoside (1) was obtained in addition to four known iridoid glycosides [melittoside (2), 10-O-(E)-p-coumaroylmelittoside (3), stachysosides E (4) and G (5)]. Moreover, five phenylethanoid glycosides [verbascoside (6), isoacteoside (7), lamalboside (8), leonoside A (9), isolavandulifolioside (10), three flavone glycosides (isoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (11), 4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (12), 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (13) and a benzylalcohol derivative (di-O-methylcrenatin) were obtained and identified. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HRMS data. All compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity by in vitro TEAC assay and some of them exhibited moderate activity (0.97-1.44 mM) when compared with the reference compound (quercetin 1.86 mM). Glycosides 6-13, the most active compounds in the TEAC assay, were also tested by flow cytometry to evaluate their ability to affect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human prostate cancer cells (PC3).     

Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in two plum cultivars. 1. Improvement of fruit growth and quality attributes at harvest

Two plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cultivars ‘Black Splendor’ (BS) and ‘Royal Rosa’ (RR) were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at 3 concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) along the on-tree fruit development: 63, 77 and 98 days after full blossom (DAFB). On a weekly basis, fruit samples were taken for measuring fruit size and weight and parameters related to quality. Results revealed that MeJA was effective in increasing fruit size and weight, the 0.5 mM being the most effective for BS cultivar and 2.0 mM for RR. At harvest, those fruit treated with 0.5 mM MeJA had the highest firmness and colour Hue values. Total acidity was also generally higher in MeJA-treated fruit than in controls, while the content of total soluble solids remained unaffected. In addition, total phenolics and total antioxidant activity were found at higher concentrations in 0.5 and 2.0 mM MeJA-treated than in control fruit over at last 3 weeks of fruit development for BS and RR cultivars, respectively. Overall results suggest that MeJA could be a promising preharvest tool to increase plum size and quality with enhanced bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, although the optimum concentration is cultivar dependent.