超声波-微波协同法提取分蘖葱头有机硫化合物的工艺优化及其组分分析

以分蘖葱头为试材,采用超声波-微波协同法提取有机硫化合物,进行分蘖葱头有机硫化合物工艺优化试验,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对提取物组分进行分离鉴定,以期为进一步研究和开发分蘖葱头功能组分提供参考依据。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为微波温度55℃、料液比1∶8 g·mL^-1、协同时间6 min、搅拌转速300 r·min^-1、超声波功率500 W,该条件下有机硫化合物得率为0.2771%±0.0023%。该条件得到15种有机硫化合物,含量较高的是噻吩类39.0678%±0.0043%,其次是三硫化合物14.1570%±0.0071%和硫醚类7.3872%±0.0052%,其中含量相对较高的有机硫化合物为2,4-二甲基噻吩、3,5-二乙基-1,2,4-三硫杂环戊烷、二烯丙基二硫醚。     

柑橘果实酚类物质及其生物活性研究进展

柑橘果实富含酚类物质,主要包括类黄酮和酚酸,其中以类黄酮为主。本文围绕柑橘果实酚类物质的种类、含量与分布、动态变化,生物活性等对相关研究成果进行了综述,旨在为柑橘果实的科学利用提供信息。     

不同种类柑橘果实氨基酸组成及营养品质评价

为探明不同品种宽皮柑橘果肉的特征性香气物质,以芦柑、温州蜜柑、红桔、瓯柑、砂糖橘的果肉为研究对象,基于GC-MS共分离鉴定出65种香气物质,其中d-柠檬烯含量最高占56.34~85.98%。采用香气活性值法和主成分分析法,确定温州蜜柑的特征香气物质为反式-β-罗勒烯、(E)-2-壬烯醛、橙花醛、香叶基丙酮,红桔为香叶醛、(-)-4-松油醇、α-萜品烯、辛醛、α-萜品醇、芳樟醇、β-香茅醇、β-月桂烯、?-萜品烯,瓯柑为顺式-β-罗勒烯、d-柠檬烯、β-水芹烯,砂糖橘为β-香茅醛、癸醛、紫苏醛、(E)-2-己烯醛,而芦柑仅有α-金合欢烯。这些特征香气性物质的差异,形成宽皮柑橘独特的风味特征。     

Phenolic extract of Morchella angusticeps peck inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro by inducing the signal transduction pathway of p38/MAPK

Morchella angusticeps Peck, one of the most popular edible mushrooms, has attracted great attention due to its delicious taste and healthy properties. However, both its biological effects and the possible mechanism of action have not yet been known. We investigated the anti-proliferative activity of the phenolic extract derived from Morchella angusticeps Peck (MPE) against HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Results showed that MPE at non-cytotoxicity doses significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner with inhibitory rates ranging from 18 to 90% (P<0.01). The possible mechanism might be that MPE induced apoptosis through initiating the mitochondrial death pathway by regulating Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. On the other hand, MPE might trigger cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁/S phases by managing p21, Cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases-4 (CDK4) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Additionally, MPE downregulated TRAF-2 and p-p53, while upregulated p-ASK1 and p-p38. Therefore, it could be inferred that MPE might induce the anti-proliferative function to HepG2 cells through the p38/MAPK signal transduction pathway.     

Screening of Human CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Inhibitors from Seaweed In Silico and In Vitro

Phenolic compounds and carotenoids are potential inhibitors of cytochrome P450s. Sixteen known compounds, phenolic compounds and carotenoids from seaweed were examined for potential inhibitory capacity against CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in silico and in vitro. Morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin inhibited the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values of morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin were 41.8, 22.5, and 30.3 μM for CYP1A2 and 86.6, 16.1, and 24.4 μM for CYP3A4, respectively. Siphonaxanthin and hesperidin did not show any significant effect on CYP1A2, but they slightly inhibited CYP3A4 activity at high concentrations. In silico modeling of CYP’s binding site revealed that the potential inhibitors bound in the cavity located above the distal surface of the heme prosthetic group through the 2a or 2f channel of CYPs. This study presents an approach for quickly predicting CYP inhibitory activity and shows the potential interactions of compounds and CYPs through in silico modeling.     

鄂通两头乌与通城猪肌肉中重要营养风味物质的比较

为比较鄂通两头乌与通城猪肌肉营养和风味物质的差异,分别对两群体背最长肌中氨基酸、脂肪酸、肌苷酸和硫胺素4类营养风味物质进行测定和分析。结果显示:通城猪肌肉氨基酸种类齐全,16种氨基酸总量为(19.42±1.31) g/100 g,必需氨基酸含量为(8.47±0.98) g/100 g,主要鲜味氨基酸含量为(6.80±0.46) g/100 g;脂肪酸种类丰富、营养风味价值高,饱和脂肪酸含量为43.04%±1.84%,不饱和脂肪酸含量为56.96%±1.84%,其中单不饱和脂肪酸含量为47.47%±2.63%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为9.50%±2.50%,亚油酸含量达8.93%±2.36%。而其风味物质硫胺素和肌苷酸的值分别为(0.23±0.05) mg/100 g、(3.23±0.67) mg/g。鄂通两头乌肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸(12.08%±4.72%)、亚油酸(11.36%±4.44%)和硫胺素((0.23±0.05) mg/100 g)显著或极显著高于通城猪,上述其他性状与通城猪差异不显著(P0.05)。以上结果表明:鄂通两头乌和通城猪的猪肉均具有高营养价值和独特风味等特点,而且鄂通两头乌除保留了通城猪肉的营养风味外,多不饱和脂肪酸、硫胺素含量更高,值得进一步开发利用。     

玉米根系分泌物对连作花生土壤酚酸类物质化感作用的影响

为探究玉米花生间作系统中玉米根系分泌物对连作花生土壤的酚酸类物质化感作用的影响机制,利用CH2Cl2提取了玉米抽雄期根系分泌物,通过室内模拟培养法,研究了玉米根系分泌物对含有不同浓度肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸及对羟基苯甲酸3种酚酸类物质土壤的微生态环境的影响。结果表明,酚酸类物质均显著降低了土壤微生物量碳和氮的含量,抑制了土壤微生物活性,土壤酶（脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶）活性和养分含量（碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾）亦显著降低,且浓度越高化感抑制作用（RI＜0）越强（P＜0.05）。玉米根系分泌物可降低酚酸类物质对土壤微生物活性、微生物量、酶活性及养分含量的化感指数,以低浓度处理的降幅较大,且在处理第5 d和10 d显著增加了3种酚酸类物质处理的土壤呼吸强度、酶活性、微生物量及养分含量（P＜0.05）;不同酚酸类物质中,以邻苯二甲酸所受影响最大。整个培养时期,玉米根系分泌物对酚酸类物质化感作用的影响以处理第5 d最强,随后呈减弱趋势。3次取样,土壤微生物量、微生物活性、酶活性和养分含量的化感指数分别降低10.03%~64.13%、9.72%~57.51%、13.16%~78.85%和5.88%~59.71%。玉米根系分泌物可通过提高土壤微生物量、微生物活性及养分含量,来降低肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸对土壤微生态环境的化感作用。结果为玉米花生间作缓解花生连作障碍技术提供一定的理论依据。     

Comprehensive lipidomics and volatile compounds profiling reveals correlation of lipids and flavors in DHA-enriched egg yolk

DHA-enriched eggs have gained popularity due to their unique nutritional value, but their flavor can be challenging for some consumers to accept. The study analyzed the correlation of lipids and flavors in DHA-enriched egg yolks using comprehensive lipidomics and volatile compound analysis. The results showed that 411 lipids were detected in two egg yolk samples. Among them, 148 lipid species, including 48 DHA-containing lipids, were significantly higher in DHA-enriched egg yolks than in Common ...     

Effect of Extraction Temperature on Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Fucus vesiculosus

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of low polarity water (LPW) on the extraction of bioactive compounds from Fucus vesiculosus and to examine the influence of temperature on the extraction yield, total phenolic content, crude alginate, fucoidan content, and antioxidant activity. The extractions were performed at the temperature range of 120–200 °C with 10 °C increments, and the extraction yield increased linearly with the increasing extraction temperature, with the highest yields at 170–200 °C and with the maximum extraction yield (25.99 ± 2.22%) at 190 °C. The total phenolic content also increased with increasing temperature. The extracts showed a high antioxidant activity, measured with DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals scavenging and metal-chelating activities of 0.14 mg/mL and 1.39 mg/mL, respectively. The highest yield of alginate and crude fucoidan were found at 140 °C and 160 °C, respectively. The alginate and crude fucoidan contents of the extract were 2.13% and 22.3%, respectively. This study showed that the extraction of bioactive compounds from seaweed could be selectively maximized by controlling the polarity of an environmentally friendly solvent.