中国和欧盟动物源性产品中药物残留限量差异性分析(一)

将中国和欧盟动物源性产品中药物残留标准进行了对比,同时结合TBT/SPS预警数据库,找出二者差异性,并提出了改进建议。     

考虑环境因素的中部省份城镇化水平评价指标体系构建

该文选取了2004—2012年数据,采用因子分析和DEA的方法对中部六省城镇化水平的指标进行筛选,采用Tobit方法探讨环境与城镇化水平之间的关系并进行回归分析。分析结果可以得出通过指标筛选以后的中部六省的城镇化水综合情况以及排名,为中部六省未来政策的制定提供依据。     

Effect of mulch on initial coverage of four groundcover species for low input landscaping in a Mediterranean climate

Groundcovers play a very important role in the creation of urban green spaces. They provide many agronomic and environmental benefits while simplifying the urban landscape management.In the areas with a Mediterranean-type climate, the development of low-input landscapes, with the ability to maintain their functions and aesthetical appeal, is pivotal. The aim of this study was to identify groundcover species that could be suited to the local environmental conditions and to evaluate the effect of different mulching systems on plant growth and weed suppression.Digital image analysis was used to measure the green cover percentage of four species (Hedera helix L., Hypericum calycinum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Vinca minor L.) grown on two different types of mulch (EcoCover^® and wood-chips) and on bare soil. Changes in plant coverage, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and weed biomass were recorded over a two year period.The prostrate R. officinalis established rapidly and reached more than 80% of coverage within 3 months after planting. Also, it was not affected by weed competition. Non-native H. calycinum also exhibited a quick spread, but it was unsuitable for low-input Mediterranean landscapes because it died during late summer from fungal disease. H. helix and V. minor were also adversely affected by pathogens and, due to their slow initial growth and low percent cover in the second year, they did not control weeds during the study. With the exception of R. officinalis, mulching materials did not significantly improve the establishment and cover ability of the tested species, but had significant effects on weed suppression. Digital image analysis and spectral reflectance proved to be reliable and objective techniques to assess groundcover performance.     

南京市能见度变化趋势及其影响因素

利用1980~2013年南京国家基本气象站的地面常规气象要素和能见度观测资料,剔除相对湿度和天气现象对能见度的影响,采用等级分析法、"非常好"能见度出现频率法、累积百分率法、Ridit中值分析等方法,分析了南京地区大气能见度的年际和季节变化趋势;并利用偏相关分析法分析了能见度与气温、气压、平均风速和相对湿度的相关关系。结果表明,能见度有明显日变化和季节变化,一天中,8:00最差,14:00最好;一年之中,能见度夏季最好,冬季最差。1980~1984年南京能见度呈上升趋势,1985~2004年呈波动下降趋势,2005~2013年则呈缓慢上升趋势;"较差"和"一般"能见度出现频率呈现上升趋势,"较好"能见度出现频率则明显下降。能见度水平逐年代下降但降幅减小;能见度等级分布的季节差异逐年代减小。能见度与平均风速呈正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关。由于南京地区气候条件的影响,能见度与气压和气温均存在季节性差异,能见度与气压在冬季呈较好的正相关,与气温夏季呈正相关、冬季呈负相关。     

Infections Investigation of ALV and REV in Guangxi Local Poultry Breeds and Sequence Analysis of gp85 Gene of ALV Isolates

In order to investigate the infection status of avian leukosis virus (ALV) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in the major local breeds of Qinzhou,Guangxi,totally 953 samples of egg white,cloaca swab and serum of Ma duck,Shitou goose,Tiejiao-Ma chicken,turkey and pigeon were collected from the representing flocks and detected by the commercial ELISA kits.ALV was isolated for the ALV p27 positive samples by culturing on DF-1 cells,and gp85 gene was sequenced.The results showed that the detections of ALV were negative in the samples except those of Tiejiao-Ma chicken,while REV antibody was found positive in Ma duck,Tiejiao-Ma chicken and turkey.The nucleotide sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 94.5% identity with each other,and shared 86.9% to 94.9% with reference strains.The amino acid sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 91.5% identity with each other,and shared 84.0% to 91.6% with reference strains.There were many variable sites in the hyper variable region hr1 and hr2,and the vr2 and vr3 variable regions were relatively conservative.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the two isolates shared the highest homology with SCAU11-XG strain.     

Analysis on Target Genes with Mutation in microRNA of Blue-shelled Chicken and White Leghorn

The study was conducted to explore the potential different characters between Blue-shelled chicken and White leghorn.Global genome microRNA was combined the identified microRNA with complementary lab-predicted microRNA.Then the two breed chicken's SNP data got by GGRS were mapped to the microRNA and focused on SNP that deliberately located in mature-microRNA.Bioinformatics method was adopted for target prediction on microRNA which had SNPs.By further gene enrichment analysis,the study found these genes enriched in 22 GO terms,10 KEGG pathways,and 3 IPA important networks.And they enriched in traits which associated with growth,such as mTOR signaling pathways,Wnt signaling pathways,growth hormone receptor networks and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ receptor networks.And they also enriched in some laying traits,such as oocyte meiotic signaling pathways and progesterone mature oocytes signaling pathways.The methods and the results might provide references for further studies.     

我国旅游业碳排放测算方法构建与实证研究——基于投入产出视角

按照旅游业"碳减排"的"测定—减排—补偿"三步走的逻辑主线,旅游业碳排放的计量是旅游业节能减排的第一步,也是关键一步。以生命周期评价理论和投入产出分析方法为基础,结合国民经济核算体系、旅游卫星账户、环境经济综合账户等经济与环境计量技术,构建"自上而下"的旅游业碳排放计量方法体系,并实证计量了2002年我国旅游业碳排放量。研究发现,2002年我国旅游业碳排放总量为135.90 Mt,占我国所有产业碳排放总量的3.95%,占我国碳排放总量(包含生活消费碳排放)的3.50%;其中,旅游业直接碳排放为55.65 Mt,分别为交通42.25 Mt,游览1.08 Mt,住宿2.5 Mt,餐饮2.76 Mt,商品销售4.12 Mt,娱乐0.59 Mt,邮电通讯0.43 Mt,其他服务1.92 Mt;旅游业间接碳排放为80.24 Mt,主要贡献国民经济部门为炼焦、煤气及石油加工业、交通运输及仓储业、机器设备制造业、食品制造及烟草加工业等,约占总贡献率的60%。     

磷酸、膦酸酯类农药的质谱裂解规律研究

在对23种磷酸、膦酸酯类农药及其氧化物的质谱数据进行归纳整理的基础上,明确了这类农药质谱裂解规律。结果表明:电子轰击离子化条件下,磷酸、膦酸酯类农药分子极易裂解,且分子离子峰较弱。发现C_2H_6O_3P~+(m/z109)是其最具代表性的特征碎片离子。磷酸酯类农药裂解规律是二甲氧基磷酸酯P-0键易发生a断裂,生成m/z 109特征碎片离子。二乙氧基磷酸酯易脱去中性碎片C_2H_4,形成m/z81的特征离子。R'含有烯烃结构,易产生m/z127的特征碎片离子。膦酸酯类农药裂解规律与磷酸酯类似,特征性弱,膦键容易发生a断裂。选定了磷酸、膦酸酯类农药在质谱分析中常见的碎片离子,为农药残留筛查、确证分析提供参考。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Buffalo Keap1 Gene and Investigation of Its Expression Pattern in Different Tissues

In this study,the CDS sequence of buffalo Keap1 gene was cloned and analyzed,then its expression pattern in different tissues was also investigated.A pair of primers of buffalo Keap1 gene was designed based on the nucleotide sequence of Bos taurus Keap1 gene from GenBank,and then the buffalo Keap1 gene was amplified.Using the bioinformation techniques,the gene sequence and the protein structure were analyzed.The expression level of Keap1 gene in different tissues were detected with Real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that the length of buffalo Keap1 gene coding sequence was 1 875 bp and encoded 624 amino acids.The multiple sequence alignment results showed that buffalo Keap1 gene shared 99%,96%,92% and 90% of similar nucleotide sequence with that of Bos taurus,Ovis aries,Sus scrofa and Homo sapiens,respectively.And the phyogenetic tree also showed the conservatism between several different species.The second structure of buffalo Keap1 protein was predicted as 24 alpha regions,40 beta regions,38 turn regions and 27 coil regions.In addition,the results of Real-time quantitative PCR showed that Keap1 mRNA exists in all seven tissues,but the most abundant expression was in heart and the minimal expression was in liver and spleen.The results provided an foundation for further study of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signal pathway,for enhancing the ability of antioxidant of buffalo embryo in vitro culture.     

2013～2014年我国进境货物疫情分析与建议

本文对2013~2014年我国进境货物检疫截获情况进行了分析,发现检疫截获昆虫较多、其他有害生物相对较少,有害生物鉴定等级较低,首次截获有害生物风险评估与检疫处理制度不完善以及某些国家(如巴西、阿根廷、所罗门群岛、喀麦隆)批次截获率明显高于其他国家等情况,并提出了合理化建议,以期对未来植物检疫工作提供参考。