Changing technology for training irrigation managers

This article describes developments in microcomputer and video-disc technology which may be used in the training of managers for irrigation projects.     

An integrated modelling toolbox for water resources assessment and management in highland catchments: Model description

Water and land resource competition and environmental degradation pose difficult questions for resource managers. In particular, the ensuing trade-offs between economic, environmental, and social factors and their spatiotemporal variability must be considered when implementing management policies. This paper describes an integrated modelling toolbox that has been developed for highland catchments – specifically the Mae Chaem catchment in Northern Thailand. This toolbox contains models of crop growth, erosion and rainfall-runoff, as well as household decision and socioeconomic impact models. The approach described advances and complements previous approaches by: considering more complex interactions between land-use decisions and the hydrological cycle; modelling household decisions based on uncertain expectations; and assessing impacts of changes not only on flows and household income, but also on subsistence production and erosion. An example of the types of trade-offs and scenarios that can be assessed using the integrated modelling toolbox is also presented. This demonstrates that for the scenarios presented, the magnitude and direction of impacts simulated by the model is not dependent on climate. Further testing of the model is demonstrated in a companion paper. Overall, the plausibility of the model is shown.     

白云山水库调度管理系统

针对江西省吉安市白云山水库自建的局域网的特点，研制开发了水库调度管理系统软件。简要介绍在Power Builder平台上开发的水库调度管理系统软件中有关电力部分的主要功能和系统软件开发要点，重点介绍实现实时监控、报表制作等功能的关键技术，并介绍了四的技术关键。     

Using drainage systems for supplementary irrigation

The use of drainage systems for supplementary irrigation is widespread in The Netherlands. One of the operating policies is to raise the surface water level during the growing season in order to reduce drainage (water conservation) or to create subsurface irrigation. This type of operation is based on practical experience, which can be far from optimal.To obtain better founded operational water management rules a total soil water/surface water model was built. In a case study the effects of using the drainage system in a dual-purpose manner on the arable crop production were simulated with the model. Also, the operational rules for managing this type of dual-purpose drainage systems were derived.The average annual simulated increase in crop transpiration due to water conservation and water supply for subsurface irrigation are 6.0 and 5.4 mm.y^–1, respectively. This is equivalent with 520 × 10³ and 460 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for the pilot region (2 Dfl 1 US $). The corresponding investments and operational costs are 600 × 10³ Dfl and 9 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for water conservation and 3200 × 10³ Dfl and 128 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for subsurface irrigation. Hence, water conservation is economically very profitable, whereas subsurface irrigation is less attractive.Comparing the management according to the model with current practice in a water-board during 1983 and 1986 learned that benefits can increase with some 50 and 500 Dfl per ha per year, respectively.     

权变理论在灌区管理中的应用

权变理论是当前西方管理学中一种较流行的理论。在介绍了权变理论基本思想的基础上，探讨了权变理论在灌区产权制度改革、经营管理模式、水费计收、用水管理等领域的应用，强调灌区管理水平的高低取决于灌区管理与其外部环境和内部环境的适应性。     

建立水利发展基金 促进农田水利建设

通过对晋城市郊区和高平县建立水利发展基金和建农基金制度的调查,向人们展示了一个以自我积累为主,国家扶持为辅的增加水利投入的新机制。他们的主要经验是:领导重视,大胆探索,做出建立基金制度的科学决策;因地制宜拓宽基金来源渠道,合理确定基金提取比例;层层建立组织机构,制定严格的管理制度;明确使用范围,充分发挥基金效益。     

柯布──道格拉斯模型在喷灌经营管理中的应用

本文以柯布──道格拉斯生产函数模型，研究分析喷灌经营管理运行中诸生产要素与总效益之间的关系，这为评估喷灌的运行管理现状及水平是否适应低耗高质高效的要求，提供了研究方法。     

农场作物及机器设备选择系统的研究

将数据库，模拟及线性规划结合在一起，建立了一个同时选择农作物，作业方式及机器设备的软件系统。此系统可求得农场资源的最佳配置，并有较好的可移植性，同时在很大程度上克服了线性规划的非整数解与机器，劳力整数要求的矛盾以及模拟技术在优化系统方面的局限。     

我国医学信息专业教育现状调查分析

 

信息学本科教育的现状，从办学现状、课程设置、学制、学位、培养模式上等方面对开办医学信息系的院校进行了调查，并根据调查结果全面分析了我国医学信息教育的现状，对不足提出了建议。

     

滇东地质高背景区土壤镉的伴矿景天修复及其对后茬水稻的影响

云南是我国典型的重金属元素地球化学高背景区,超积累植物能否有效修复镉（Cd）地质高背景土壤,从而实现农产品安全生产,尚鲜见报道。以云南石林、富源和罗平等三地的典型Cd地质高背景农田土壤为对象,开展温室盆栽试验,探究Cd、锌（Zn）超积累植物伴矿景天对土壤Cd的吸取修复效果,及对后茬水稻生长和Cd吸收的作用。结果表明,种植三季伴矿景天使三地土壤全量Cd分别下降24.8%、30.9%和58.8%;伴矿景天在富源玄武岩风化物母质发育的土壤上长势最好,与富源土壤肥力相对最高有关;伴矿景天在罗平石灰岩风化物发育的土壤上重金属吸取修复效果最佳,与罗平土壤呈中性、酸化作用更为明显有关,这些差异由土壤母质、养分与重金属有效性等综合影响所致。经伴矿景天吸取修复三季后,全生育期淹水种稻,其糙米和秸秆Cd浓度均大幅降低,可实现糙米Cd安全生产。未经植物吸取修复,旱作处理下水稻糙米Cd存在超标风险。植物吸取修复后种植水稻,再结合水分管理措施,可进一步降低稻米中Cd浓度,实现稻米安全生产,为Cd地质高背景区土壤的农作物安全生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。