频振式杀虫灯在水稻害虫防治中的应用与研究

为了提高西双版纳稻米品质,减少农药残留,科学合理的虫害防治方法是重要的解决手段之一。频振式杀虫灯是当前运用非常广泛的一种物理诱杀害虫的工具,具有广谱、高效、无污染的特点。试验设立灯控不施药区、灯控施药区、非灯控施药区和非灯控不施药区,安排随机区组试验,调查虫害发生动态,适时开展化学农药防治和跟踪测产。试验结果表明：频振式杀虫灯单灯每晚诱虫量在6.7~224 g之间,灯控不施药区、灯控施药区和非灯控施药区与非灯控不施药区相比,对水稻主要害虫稻飞虱和螟虫的防效均达到极显著水平。同时,初步掌握了频振式杀虫灯对水稻害虫的控害效果,表现在水稻虫害发生量减少、防治成本降低、水稻增产增收等方面的效益较为显著。     

14种悬浮种衣剂防治玉米地下害虫、蚜虫和茎基腐病的防效评价

摘 要：为有效控制玉米地下害虫、蚜虫和茎基腐病的常年危害,筛选具有较好控制作用的种衣剂,笔者开展了14种悬浮种衣剂田间药效试验。试验表明：14种种衣剂对供试玉米品种出苗安全;氟虫腈?噻虫嗪（30%悬浮种衣剂）(1:1000)处理的出苗率96.7%为最高值。氟虫腈?噻虫嗪（30%悬浮种衣剂）(1:1000)对玉米地下害虫、玉米蚜虫的防治效果分别达84.8%、80.0%。精甲?咯?嘧菌（11%悬浮种衣剂）(1:2000)对玉米茎基腐病的防治效果达73.7%。说明以噻虫嗪、氟虫腈和甲霜灵为主的复配防治玉米地下害虫、蚜虫、茎基腐病,能够取得较好的防治效果。建议针对不同的生态类型区域,结合品种、施肥、管理等措施选用不同的配方,以取得最佳的防治效果。     

冬枣蜜蜂授粉与绿色防控技术集成应用及效果分析

为有效解决随枣树规模化种植出现的,枣树授粉过度依赖激素及病虫防控过度依赖化学农药的双重问题。通过建立示范区开展冬枣蜜蜂授粉与病虫绿色防控集成应用探索,集成了以保护蜜蜂、果品安全,提高蜜蜂授粉效率的配套技术。同时,采取田间小区试验研究蜜蜂授粉有效半径及蜜蜂授粉对枣树坐果、果实发育的影响,结果表明：4足框蜂群有效授粉半径为150 m。与常规赤霉素授粉相比,通过蜜蜂授粉畸形果率降低了57.14%;幼果纵茎、纵向周长、单果重量,分别增加2.25 mm、6.72 mm 和1.43 g。同时通过蜜蜂授粉可有效改善枣果品质、提高枣果商品率,较赤霉素授粉商品率提高7.1%,市场售价每kg增加1.5元。蜜蜂授粉可有效替代赤霉素授粉,保证枣树坐果,减少枣果畸形,提升枣果品质,增加果农收入。     

Application of modified Deep Belief Network in Forecasting Cotton Diseases and Insect Pests

[Objective] The occurrence and development of cotton diseases and insect pests are mainly related to environmental information. Because this environmental information is various, complex and unstable, the study on the prediction methods of cotton diseases and insect pests is a certain challenge. This study aims to establish a forecasting model for the timely and accurate prediction of cotton diseases and insect pests. [Method] A forecasting model of cotton diseases and insect pests is proposed based on environmental information and a modified Deep Belief Network (DBN) that is constructed by a three-layer restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) and a supervised back-propagation (BP) network. In the method, the RBM is used to transform the original environmental information vectors into a new feature space related to the diseases and pests; the BP network is trained to classify and forecast the features generated by the last RBM layer and two rules of dynamic learning and comparison and dispersion are adopted to accelerate the training process of RBM. The proposed model was validated on a dataset of cotton bollworm, aphids, spider, cotton Verticillium wilt, and Fusarium wilt in a recent six-year period. [Result] Compared with the traditional prediction models of cotton diseases and insect pests, the proposed model can deeply explore the extensive correlation between the occurrence of cotton diseases and pests and environmental information. The results show that the proposed model has a higher accuracy compared with the classical predictive models, and the average forecasting accuracy is above 83%. [Conclusion] The proposed method is an effective crop disease and pest forecasting method that can provide a technical support for preventing cotton disease and insect pests.     

转基因棉对棉蚜生长发育及其主要代谢物质含量的影响

近年来,转基因棉田非靶标害虫种群数量呈明显的上升趋势,棉蚜是转Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis)基因棉田发生危害较严重的非靶标刺吸性害虫之一.在实验室内,棉蚜分别用转Bt基因棉和亲本常规棉饲养40代以上,采用酶联免疫法( ELISA)检测转Bt基因棉SGK321上棉蚜体内的Bt蛋白含量,研究转Bt基因...     

性信息素技术在高粱鳞翅目害虫发生动态监测中的应用

为研究高粱鳞翅目害虫发生动态,解决防治适期问题,通过3年田间试验,利用性诱技术诱集鳞翅目害虫,探索黏虫、条螟、玉米螟、桃蛀螟、草地贪夜蛾和二化螟的发生动态。研究发现,玉米螟和条螟发生最为严重,占鳞翅目害虫数的70%以上,各类鳞翅目害虫的发生时段在5月初—8月初,其中主要集中在5月底—7月中下旬大量发生。研究结果可为更加科学合理预测高粱鳞翅目害虫的发生危害提供依据,也为本地有机高粱生产过程中的鳞翅目害虫制定防控方法提供实践基础。     

Diversity of methodologies to experiment Integrated Pest Management in arable cropping systems: Analysis and reflections based on a European network

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) aims to promote physical and biological regulation strategies that help farmers contain populations of pests (pathogens, animal pests and weeds) and to finally reduce the reliance on pesticides. It is based on the holistic combination of multiple management measures rather than on the sum of single methods, each of them having only small effects on pests reduction. Thus, to analyse the interactions between IPM measures and to evaluate the sustainability of their implementation, we require an approach considering the whole cropping system (CS), i.e. a functional entity whose complexity is more than the sum of its parts. A network of European experiments at the CS level was set up recently, and aimed at sharing data and expertise to enhance knowledge of IPM. Comparison of existing methodologies highlighted a diversity of CS designs and experimental layouts. We deduced that the concept of CS itself was viewed differently among scientists, and this affected experimental protocols. Other differences were related to the research context and objectives. Some experiments aimed to explore very innovative strategies and generated knowledge on both their effects on the agroecosystem and their ability to satisfy a set of performance targets, while others aimed to provide quickly adoptable solutions for local farmers in line with the current socio-economic constraints. In some research programmes, the experiment was part of the CS design process — and tested CS were regularly revised based on an continuous improvement loop — while in other cases CS were kept stable across years so as to enable the evaluation of their long-term cumulative effects. A critical aspect contributing to the diversity among CS experiments was the distinction between a factorial design of experimental CS and systemic approaches: factorial experiments allowed quantification of the effects of each IPM component regardless of the consistency between components defining the CS. In contrast, systemic approaches focused on the overall evaluation of CS designed with consideration of their consistency, hence maximising their ability to meet the objectives. Because CS experiments represent a huge investment in terms of economics and time, preliminary reflections of the relevance of the experimental strategy is of critical importance.     

一种新型环保节水施药技术——常温烟雾施药技术

设施农业病虫害问题日趋严重,发生的规律和特点不同于露地栽培,迫切需要新的施药技术和机具。常温烟雾施药技术及机具主要应用于设施农业的农药喷洒,以防治病虫害;同时,在畜场禽舍及仓库的卫生消毒、蘑菇栽培、叶面施肥等场合也有广阔的应用前景。除农业用途之外,还可扩展到工业水雾降温、增湿,以及宾馆、医院、游乐场所的卫生防疫和杀虫消毒等领域。     

兴安盟扎赉特旗杨树病虫害的种类及其防治措施

对本地区杨树烂皮病的抗性树种进行了调查,筛选出最适合本地区栽植的抗病品种——小乘黑（P.Canadensis）和银中杨（P.alba‘Berolinensis’）。对天牛成虫进行了不同药剂不同浓度的防治对比试验,筛选出最合适的药剂——绿色葳蕾250倍液和触破800倍液。对其他地区的杨树病虫害的预防和控制能起到一定的借鉴作用。     

长春市林业有害生物发生现状分析

吉林省长春市第三次(2015-2016)林业有害生物普查数据的汇总和分析结果表明:长春市林业有害生物发生面积1 472 hm^2,占有林地面积0. 91%。其中轻度危害1 330 hm^2,中度危害面积112 hm^2,重度危害面积30 hm^2,发生种类总计207种,其中常发和偶发有害生物总计达10种,发生量具有连续降低的趋势。表明我市近几年生态环境持续改善,所采取的防治方法得当。