Variation in digestibility in nine populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and its genetic basis

Summary Thirty five individuals from each of nine perennial ryegrass populations were sampled from set-stocked and zero-grazed swards and from an old permanent pasture. The swards were 6, 18, 30 months and 11 years old when sampled. The permanent pasture was at least 40 years old.Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were determined for green leaf material harvested 4 days after ear emergence. Significant differences were found between the populations, but genotypic differences were found only for OMD. The largest proportion of the total variation was due to differences between blocks. In the zero-grazed populations, DMD and OMD declined significantly with increasing sward age. This was not found for the set-stocked swards. Two sets of pair crosses, from which mid-parent, progeny regressions could be determined, were carried out.The regressions of offspring on mid-parent for set-stocked and zero-grazed swards were used to assess the presence of additive genetic variation and to estimate narrow sense heritability of DMD. The coefficients of correlation, 0.122 and 0.226 respectively, were non-significant, indicating an absence of additive genetic variation.     

Diploids and natural autotetraploids in the predominantly vegetatively propagated Brassica oleracea L. var. ramosa DC and their cytology

Summary Perennial kale is a rare vegetable and forage crop in the Dutch province of Limburg where it is disappearing. It may be a relic of a primitive kale form which could have been grown on a large scale in West-Europe. The crop is predominantly vegetatively propagated.Cytological investigations indicated that a number of accessions are autotetraploid with 2n=4x=36. The origin and age of these autotetraploid accessions are not known, but they may stem from adventitious buds on wounded tissue during the vegetative propagation.     

多年不结果的冬枣树优质高产栽培技术

冬枣树要求栽培技术严格,管理不好或一些技术配合不好就不结果。为了解决多年生冬枣树不结果的问题,在天津市静海县、西青区、宁河县等地对多年不结果的冬枣树进行了技术示范,达到了优质高产的目的。本文主要介绍多年不结果冬枣树的肥水管理、提高坐果率的技术措施、冬季修剪及病虫害防治技术。     

白三叶、多年生黑麦草和鸭茅光合生理生态特性研究

为研究白三叶、多年生黑麦草和鸭茅各生育期群落光合生理生态特性,探讨三者作为人工草地混播组合的生态适应性,用CI-310便携式光合仪测定了各生育期群落光合特性,并分析了硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)以及叶绿素含量的变化。结果表明:白三叶、多年生黑麦草和鸭茅光合生理生态指标互补优势明显,光合生理生态适应性较强,推测光合生理生态特性能够作为混播牧草搭配组合的重要参考指标;开花期,鸭茅群落同化CO2的净光合速率、同化CO2的光能利用效率(LUE)和同化CO2的水分利用效率(WUE)日平均值分别为17.9μmol/(m2.s),40.9mmol/mol和44.2 mmol/mol均显著高于多年生黑麦草和白三叶;开花期和成熟期LUE日变化曲线呈“V”字形,中午LUE较低,成熟期鸭茅的最高值可达54.5 mmol/mol,而最低值仅为15.1 mmol/mol;WUE各生育期日变化均呈逐渐下降的趋势,3种牧草WUE的差异主要表现在上午;白三叶硝酸还原酶活性在整个生育期均显著高于多年生黑麦草和鸭茅,而多年生黑麦草和鸭茅的差异不显著;分蘖期和开花期多年生黑麦草和鸭茅叶绿素a和b的含量高于白三叶,在枯黄期却相反。     

茄子嫁接与多年生栽培技术

茄子采用嫁接方式栽培,生产出的茄子品质优、商品性好、采收期长、抗病力强、可连作重茬,栽培效益好。栽培技术:选择对茄子土传性病害具有高抗或免疫能力的砧木品种,根据不同季节确定不同的播差期,当砧木长出6~8片真叶、接穗长出5~7片真叶时采用劈接法嫁接,在四门斗茄采收后进行第一次修剪,至翌年元月下旬进行第二次修剪,栽培期间加强管理,及时摘除下部老叶、黄叶,结果盛期每摘一次瓜追施肥水一次,栽培一次可采收2~3年。     

施氮量对一年生黑麦草生长特性的影响

研究了不同施氮水平(0、100、200和300 kg/hm2,分别表示为N0、N100、N200和N300)对扬州地区一年生黑麦草产量、分蘖数、株高等生长特性及经济效益的影响.结果表明:施氮量为100,200和300kg/hm2时,黑麦草鲜草总产量分别比不施氮增产75%,146%和134%.当施氮量达到200 kg/h...     

Dual origin of the cultivated rice based on molecular markers of newly collected annual and perennial strains of wild rice species, Oryza nivara and O. rufipogon

The direct ancestor of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is believed to be AA genome wild relatives of rice in Asia. However, the AA genome wild relatives involve both annual and perennial forms. The distribution of the retrotransposon p-SINE1-r2, a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) at the waxy locus was analyzed in diverse accessions of the AA genome wild relatives of rice (O. rufipogon sensu lato). Most annual wild rice accessions had this retrotransposon, while most perennial types lacked this element, contradicting results to the previous studies. Results presented here suggest that O. sativa has dual origin that lead to indica-japonica differentiation. Results suggest the indica line of rice varieties evolved from the annual genepool of AA genome and the japonica varieties from the perennial genepool of AA genome wild rice.     

北大营示范场黑麦草引种与品比试验研究

利用1998年2－11月在云南省北大营示范场引种的10个黑麦草品种的观测资料，统计分析了在高、中、低3种施肥水平下黑麦草的累计产量、月平均产量及其生长速度的变化规律，研究了影响产量的主导因子及其监测模型。结果表明，在10个品种中，伯生（Bison Intermdiate）及安巴瑟（Embassy）具有良好的生产性能。黑麦草产量主要受气候、土壤肥力及品种等因素的影响，其中测草盘高度、降水量、蒸发量、日照时数和牧草生长天数等5个因子，可以较好地模拟、评估黑麦草产量的变化动态。     

硝酸稀土在多年生牧草优质生产中的应用研究

本文利用不同浓度的硝酸稀土材料对河南省 5种主要多年生优良牧草进行为期 3年的生产应用性研究。结果表明 :稀土能够显著地促进牧草的营养生长 ,提高产草量和饲料品质 ,促进豆科牧草的根瘤发育 ;紫花苜蓿、三叶草及红豆草的硝酸稀土最佳使用浓度为 60 0×1 0 -6～ 65 0× 1 0 -6,多年生黑麦草及苇状羊茅的最佳使用浓度为 45 0× 1 0 -6～ 5 0 0× 1 0 -6。