厂拌热再生沥青混合料在含LSPM路面结构中的应用及评价

首先对回收沥青路面材料（RAP）进行了检测,进而设计了厂拌热再生沥青混合料AC-20与AC-25的配合比.其次,利用压力机和MTS-810测定了其不同RAP掺配比例下15 ℃和20 ℃抗压强度和抗压回弹模量,分析了变化规律并推荐取值范围.最后,针对含LSPM厂拌热再生加铺沥青路面与含LSPM厂拌热再生永久性路面,进行了结构分析与评价,论证了厂拌热再生沥青混合料作为面层结构层应用于含LSPM路面结构在技术上的可行性.研究表明,对于含LSPM厂拌热再生加铺沥青路面,设计时有必要实测厂拌热再生沥青混合料的抗压回弹模量,并验算该结构层底弯拉应力是否满足规范要求;将厂拌热再生沥青混合料应用于含LSPM的永久性路面能满足设计控制指标.     

路面结构极限承载能力分析

针对某公路路面的早期损坏,进行了超载车辆的轴重及其轮胎接地面积和压力的调查.基于实际轴载的作用图式,分别应用弹性层状体系理论和弹性薄板理论有限元法分析了重荷载作用下,该公路沥青路面和水泥混凝土路面结构的力学响应.按照起决定作用的各结构层材料抗拉强度确定两种路面结构类型的极限承载能力,初步建立了分析路面结构极限承载能力的方法.分析结果表明,沥青路面早期损坏的根本原因是过大轴载对路面结构的一次性加载破坏,而不是轴载重复作用的疲劳破坏,按现行规范设计确定的水泥混凝土路面结构的极限承载能力明显高于沥青路面结构的极限承载能力.     

半刚性基层沥青路面车辙的预估方法和试验分析

以半刚性基层沥青混凝土路面为研究对象，比较了几种主要的车辙预估方法和理论，在分析车辙的形成机理和车辙主要影响因素的基础上，通过粘弹性有限元理论分析方法，并结合一定的经验公式进行了车辙的计算和试验分析，得出了适用于我国半刚性基层沥青混凝土路面的车辙形成规律和预估方法。     

Determination Method and Criterion for Voids by Dynamic Deflection Difference in the Same Cement Slab

Aiming at the lack of the current determination method for voids in practical engineering applications, in order to accurately quantify the voids beneath cement slab, the determination method was proposed with slab edge slab center deflection difference and slab corner slab center deflection difference in the same cement slab for voids.Three dimensional models were set up using the ANSYS finite element method for voids beneath slab corner and slab edge.And the load was simulated with FWD test results.Thereafter, the deflection values were calculated in slab center, slab corner, slab edge under different void depth, void area and load transfer capacity.And the range of deflection diffidence was obtained.With Yantai Weihai expressway, detection data for deflection using Falling Weight Deflectometer were statistically analyzed.And the criteria and correction factors of load transfer capacity were given with simulation and samples analysis.The feasibility of criteria was verified by actual test data.It is found that the simulation values and the test values are in good agreement.The accuracy of void determination by lab edge slab center deflection difference and slab corner slab center deflection difference are 88.5% and 84.6%, respectively, which meet the engineering requirements.The voids were determined under the same conditions with the elimination of deflection variability.     

基于分形特征的交通运输车辆行走路面的三维重构

为获得路面激励,通过理论推导实现基于分形特征的交通运输车辆行走路面的三维重构。对国际与国家规定的标准路面谱进行逆傅里叶变换以产生随机路面样本,用轮廓均方根法获得路面平均分形维数(1.59);结合二维路面的统计特征,根据随机中点位移法和三角剖分法,建立三维路面理论模型;对各等级路面进行三维仿真,其纵向任一截面可作为二维仿真路面。该建模理论适合行走路面的三维重构。     

沥青路面低温开裂的影响因素分析

研究了影响沥青路面低温开裂的主要因素及影响程度。在对试验数据进行整理的基础上,运用灰色关联的方法,分析了各影响因素与沥青路面低温开裂的关联程度。研究表明:沥青混合料的劲度模量对沥青路面低温开裂的影响程度最大,约占17.3%,而沥青感温性、沥青混合料收缩系数、面层厚度、基层类型、降温速率、路龄的影响程度约占13.5%、13.9%、13.1%、14.1%、14.0%和13.9%。     

货币政策与财政政策的区域效应研究——基于中国31个省级面板数据的PVAR模型分析

以三板系统模拟连续配筋水泥混凝土路面,计算获得了连续配筋路面的临界荷位.引入接缝混凝土板的传力杆设计理念,确定了连续配筋路面横向裂缝处钢筋的传荷刚度计算公式.同时,以有限元方法建立了CRCP横向裂缝处混凝土的传荷刚度计算公式.裂缝处传荷刚度的确定,为模拟CRCP荷载应力计算提供了关键参数.有限元数值计算表明：三板系统中,当边板长度大于4 m时,边界条件将不对应力计算产生影响.对于双车道路面,计算所得的板宽向最大应力位于左车道外侧车轮板底的轮迹中心处,此时的路面荷位为标准轴载位于路面右边边缘且靠近裂缝边缘,推荐此荷位作为路面承载力检验的核算位置.     

A review of pesticide policies and regulations for urban amenity areas in seven European countries

An analysis of the regulations of herbicide use for weed control in non-agricultural/urban amenity areas, including actual pesticide use, was carried out as a joint survey of seven European countries: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands, Sweden and United Kingdom. Herbicides constitute the major part of the pesticides used in urban amenity areas. Herbicide use on hard surfaces is the largest in terms of volume and potential contamination of surface and groundwater. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in political interest and public debate on the 'use of pesticides in public urban amenity areas', regulations within each country at national, regional and local levels, possible use of alternative weed control methods and the amounts of pesticides used on urban amenity areas. A comparative analysis revealed major differences in political interest, regulations and availability of statistics on pesticide use. Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany have, or have had, a strong public and political interest for reducing the use of herbicides to control weeds in urban amenity areas and also have very strict regulations. The UK is currently undergoing a period of increasing awareness and strengthening regulation, while Latvia and Finland do not have specific regulations for weed control in urban amenity areas or on hard surfaces. Statistics on pesticide/herbicide use on urban amenity areas were only available in Denmark and the Netherlands. Developing this kind of information base reveals the differences in herbicide use, regulations and policies in European countries and may enhance the transfer of knowledge on sustainable weed control across countries.     

Scaling up nature-based solutions for climate-change adaptation: Potential and benefits in three European cities

Many exemplary projects have demonstrated that Nature-based Solutions (NBS) can contribute to climate change adaptation, but now the challenge is to scale up their use. Setting realistic policy goals requires knowing the amount of different NBS types that can fit in the urban space and the benefits that can be expected. This research aims to assess the potential for a full-scale implementation of NBS for climate-change adaptation in European cities, the expected benefits and co-benefits, and how these quantities relate to the urban structure of the cities.We selected three case studies: Barcelona (Spain), Malmö (Sweden), and Utrecht (the Netherlands), and developed six scenarios that simulate the current condition, the full-scale implementation of different NBS strategies (i.e., installing green roofs, de-sealing parking areas, enhancing vegetation in urban parks, and planting street trees), and a combination of them. Then we applied spatially-explicit methods to assess, for each scenario, two climate change-related benefits, i.e. heat mitigation and stormwater regulation, and three co-benefits, namely carbon storage, biodiversity potential, and overall greenness. Finally, by breaking down the results per land use class, we investigated how the potential and benefits vary depending on the urban form.Most scenarios provide multiple benefits, but each one is characterized by a specific mix. In all cities, a full-scale deployment of green roofs shows the greatest potential to reduce runoff and increase biodiversity, while tree planting -either along streets or in urban parks– produces the greatest impact on heat mitigation and greenness. However, these results entail interventions of different size and in different locations. Planting street trees maximizes interventions in residential areas, but key opportunities for integrating most NBS types also lie in commercial and industrial areas. The results on the pros and cons of each scenario can support policy-makers in designing targeted NBS strategies for climate change adaptation.