9株猪瘟分离毒株的致病特性

采用9株临床表现强、中、低致病特点的猪瘟野毒分离株第3代细胞毒作为种毒,按3mL/头剂量分别注射猪瘟抗原及抗体阴性猪,再用上一代传代猪发病后的血毒作为下一代接毒用种毒接种试验猪1头或2头,或上一代传代猪发病后,同圈放入1头或2头试验猪进行同居感染.如此进行,GDGZ1/95、BJCY1/96和JL1/94传至8代;FJFQ1/99传至7代;HeBHH1/95、HeNBY1/96、BJTX3/96、GXBH1/98和HeNXH2/98传至3代.结果显示:上述分离株传至3～5代过程中均表现出毒力增强的趋势,从3～5代传代到8(7)代的过程中毒力进一步增强并保持稳定,且均超过了标准石门强毒株的发病特点.所有试验猪均出现较典型的猪瘟临床症状,解剖后均表现出不同程度的病理变化,死后或解剖后的各种脏器经HCFA检查均为强阳性,这种现象进一步证实了猪是猪瘟病毒的敏感动物,各毒株之间毒力没有明显差异.对其中7株分离株传代血毒部分代次E2基因主要区域进行序列分析,结果仅GDGZ1/95株从F1～F8代中的F6代有2个核苷酸的差异,引起1个相应氨基酸的变异,其余毒株的不同代次没有碱基发生变异,初步说明猪瘟病毒基因型表现相对的稳定性.     

斯氏艾美耳球虫的致病性及病理学研究

用纯种斯氏艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊人工感染25只断奶幼兔,进行致病性和病理学研究。试验兔分为1个不感染对照组和4个感染组,各感染组每只幼兔分别口服感染2.0×103、1.0×104、5.0×104、2.5×105个孢子化卵囊。与对照组相比,接种2.0×103个和1.0×104个孢子化卵囊的两个感染组的平均病变记分、肝重指数、血清转氨酶活性有显著差异(P<0.05);接种5.0×104个和2.5×105个孢子化卵囊的两个感染组上述指标有极显著差异(P<0.01)。表明斯氏艾美耳球虫对幼兔具有很强的致病性,能导致严重的肝球虫病。     

烟草感染青枯菌后的组织病理变化

病症观察表明,烟草感染青枯菌后168h叶片全部萎蔫下垂、褐变。茎部切片表明,青枯菌处理72h,个别导管内出现了染色较深的物质,髓部和皮层的部分薄壁细胞出现破损。120h后导管内染色较深的物质增多,导管堵塞程度加大。168h后局部区域的木质部和韧皮部分离。对感病植株的叶进行青枯病菌分离,结果表明:从叶中可分离出致病青枯菌,并可以导致复感植株得病继而死亡。     

Pathogenicity and RAPD analysis of Phytophthora nicotianae pathogenic to pepper in Tunisia

Nine isolates of Phtophthora nicotianae were isolated from infected pepper plants. Their pathogenicity was studied in Capsicum annuum in comparison with P. nicotianae isolates from tomato and tobacco. The pathogenicity test showed that pepper isolates of P. nicotianae are adapted to their host. Banding patterns obtained by RAPD analysis with six oligonucleotide primers revealed polymorphism that grouped the isolates independently of the plant host. The polygenic dendrogram showed that pepper isolates were more similar to tomato isolates than to tobacco isolates. The RAPD bands of 1300 and 1500 bp, detected with primers OPD-01 and OPD-10, respectively, appeared specific to the most pathogenic pepper isolates. The OPK-08-1950 seems specific to the isolates of P. nicotianae from tomato. These results suggest that host specified might occur in P. nicotianae and that may be due to interspecific hybridization events resulting in novel pathogenic behavior.     

桑细菌性青枯病病原及其生化型鉴定

为有效治理浙江省杭州地区桑树上严重发生的新病害,开展了病原及其特性研究。从临安市和桐庐县的青枯桑树上分离出15株致病细菌,经25项主要细菌学特性、菌落形态、致病性、Bi-olog、脂肪酸分析、RAPD-PCR鉴定及与4株标准菌株比较,证实了这种桑青枯病是由Ralstoniaso-lanacearum引起,属于生化型Ⅴ和Ⅳ,它们在15株分离菌中分别占73.3%和26.7%。同时,在该病原细菌的鉴定中,建立了简便易行的桑青枯病病原细菌致病性测定新方法。     

尖角突脐孢菌在温室环境下侵染稗草的致病体系研究

稗属（Echinochloa）杂草是全世界水稻等作物生产中的一类恶性杂草。人工除稗安全但费时费力，化学除稗高效但伴随农产品安全和环境相融友好方面的潜在风险。因此，寻求安全高效的除稗活性成分和施药技术成为国际上除稗剂发展的重要方向之一。在研究和开发生物除稗剂的技术体系中，满足高通量筛选安全、高效的除稗生防因子的温室检测体系是极为重要的支持平台，同样，生物除稗剂的田间科学施药技术亦应依据生防因子在稗草上致病和致害所需的最佳条件来制定。基于此，亟需探明生防因子侵染稗草致病的相关条件并建立快速有效的生防因子除稗效果温室检测体系和田间施药技术。本文系统研究了影响尖角突脐孢菌侵染稗草的相关因子，建立了稳定的温室环境下尖角突脐孢菌侵染稗草的致病体系。     

晋南地区黄瓜、黑籽南瓜死秧的病原菌鉴定及品种抗性研究

经分离、培养对不同菌种培养性状的观察,确定了侵染黄瓜、黑籽南瓜造成死秧的镰刀菌主要为尖镰孢菌黄瓜专化型、尖镰孢菌西瓜专化型、串珠镰刀菌和腐皮镰孢菌4种。经致病性测定,4种镰刀菌均能侵染黄瓜,引起发病造成死秧,可分为强致病类型和中强致病类型。经抗病性鉴定,黑籽南瓜种子只有南瓜4号为耐病品种;黄瓜种子也只有津优31号为耐病品种。     

Testing variability in pathogenicity of Phytophthora cinnamomi

Forty eight isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from various host plants in France (35 isolates) and in other countries were tested for pathogenicity. Seedlings of chestnut, northern red oak, pine and eucalyptus were infected by soil contamination. Taproots, stems and bark strips of plants of chestnut and different oak species were inoculated with mycelium agar disks. Results of the different experiments were in good agreement. All isolates appeared pathogenic to all the different test species but with variable levels of virulence. Isolates with consistent low or high level of virulence, which could be used as standards in further studies, were identified. Interaction between P. cinnamomi isolates and host plant species was significant in terms of lesion lengths. These interactions could not be related to host from which P. cinnamomi was isolated. Consistent with this, in Quercus rubra, the isolate-provenance interaction was not significant. This feature is encouraging for provenance screening for resistance to P. cinnamomi in this species. The variation in virulence was not related to other isolate characteristics (mating type, electrophoretic type, age).     

不同寄主来源的大丽轮枝孢对沙打旺和苜蓿的致病性

接种鉴定了由９种植物分离得到的１２个大丽轮枝孢（ＶｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｉｕｍｄａｈｌｉａｅＫｌｅｂ．）菌株对沙打旺（Ａｓｔｒａｇａｌｕｓａｄｓｕｒｇｅｎｓ）和苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏｓａｔｉｖａ,Ｍ．ｆａｌｃａｔａ,Ｍ．ｍｅｄｉａ）的致病性。结果表明,绿豆、西瓜、茄子、棉花、向日葵、番茄、马铃薯、萝卜和沙打旺分离菌株都能正常侵染沙打旺,引起典型表观症状和维管束变色。绿豆和西瓜分离菌株侵染苜蓿后能引起轻微的表观症状,其他菌株侵染后仅引起维管束轻度变色,但由变色部分可分离出大丽轮枝孢,这表明苜蓿可以无症带菌。     

桉树焦枯病病原菌特性的观察

对桉树焦枯病病原菌３种典型的５隔膜、３隔膜和１隔膜分生孢子进行了研究。５隔膜病原菌致病力最强，３隔膜次之，１隔膜较弱。匀菌剂菌毒清对３种病原菌有明显的抑制作用。