Multilocus sequence typing detects new Piscirickettsia salmonis hybrid genogroup in Chilean fish farms: Evidence for genetic diversity and population structure

Piscirickettsia salmonisis the causative bacterial pathogen of piscirickettsiosis, a salmonid disease that causes notable mortalities in the worldwide aquaculture industry. Published research describes the phenotypic traits, virulence factors, pathogenicity and antibiotic‐resistance potential for various P. salmonisstrains. However, evolutionary and genetic information is scarce for P. salmonis. The present study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to gain insight into the population structure and evolution of P. salmonis. Forty‐two Chilean P. salmonisisolates, as well as the type strain LF‐89^T, were recovered from diseased Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus kisutchand Oncorhynchus mykissfrom two Chilean Regions. MLST assessed the loci sequences of dnaK, efp, fumC, glyA, murG, rpoD and trpB. Bioinformatics analyses established the genetic diversity among P. salmonis isolates (H = 0.5810). A total of 23 sequence types (ST) were identified, 53.48% of which were represented by ST1, ST5 and ST2. Population structure analysis through polymorphism patterns showed few polymorphic sites (218 nucleotides from 4,010 bp), while dN/dS ratio analysis indicated purifying selection for dnaK, epf, fumC, murG, and rpoD but neutral selection for the trpB loci. The standardized index of association indicated strong linkage disequilibrium, suggesting clonal population structure. However, recombination events were detected in a group of seven isolates. Findings included genogroups homologous to the LF‐89^T and EM‐90 strains, as well as a seven‐isolate hybrid genogroup recovered from both assessed regions (three O. mykiss and four S. salar isolates). The presented MLST scheme has comparative potential, with promising applications in studying distinct P. salmonis isolates (e.g., from different hosts, farms, geographical areas) and in understanding the epidemiology of this pathogen.     

主要养殖鲑科鱼类遗传育种的研究进展

冷水性鲑科鱼类肉质鲜美,高蛋白、高不饱和脂肪酸、营养丰富、无肌间刺、易加工,是世界性养殖鱼类,其中大西洋鲑、虹鳟和红点鲑属鱼类等主要养殖鲑科鱼类,一直是水产遗传育种领域的重要研究对象。本文简要叙述了鲑科鱼类遗传育种研究的历史和现状,主要介绍了经济性状遗传参数估计、选择育种、分子遗传与标记辅助育种等方面的研究进展,提出了我国鲑科鱼类遗传育种工作重点研究的方向。     

绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼溯河生殖群体结构特征研究

珠星雅罗鱼Leuciscus haronensis（Gunther）为鲤科鱼类中少有的溯河洄游类型。本研究采集了880尾2009年度绥芬河溯河洄游生殖群体样本,分析了溯河期、产卵期以及个体的体长、体重组成、年龄与生长、生殖能力、成熟系数、肥满度等主要生态学特征及种群数量。绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼生殖群体分三批溯河繁殖,即3月中...     

黄颡鱼鲇爱德华氏菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

从患头顶溃疡症的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)内脏组织中分离出致病力强的菌株JZ086,对该菌进行了形态学、生理生化特性的测定,并进行了Biolog全自动微生物分析系统及16S rDNA序列鉴定。结果显示:人工感染实验证实该菌为黄颡鱼的病原菌,其半数致死量(LD50)为1.7×105CFU。Biolog全自动微生物分析系统鉴定结果显示该菌为鲇爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)。16S rDNA序列分析显示该菌与鲇爱德华氏菌的亲缘关系最近,同源性高达99%;系统进化树中与鲇爱德华氏菌(AB050826)自然聚为一支,二者遗传距离约为0.002。鉴定结果确认JZ086为鲇爱德华氏菌。药物敏感性试验结果显示,该菌对所测试的15种药物都敏感,其中对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、妥布霉素等尤其敏感。     

我国5个青蛤地理群体形态差异分析

运用3种多元统计分析方法,比较研究了我国青蛤5个地理群体(福建、浙江、江苏、天津及辽宁)的形态差异。选择了14个可量性状和6个地区生态特征参数进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,江苏、天津和辽宁的形态较接近,其中福建群体的趋异差异最大。主成分分析构建了3个主成分。其贡献率:主成分1为28.05%,主成分2为18.6%,主成分3为14.0%,累计贡献率为60.65%。逐步判别选入8个贡献率较大的性状进行判别分析。结果显示,5个群体形态差异显著(P<0.01)。建立了5群体判别函数,其判别准确率P1为35%~90%,P2为73.7%~86%。综合判别率为67.5%。青蛤形态学差异是遗传和环境共同作用的结果,结合分子遗传学研究将更准确地描述青蛤5群体间的遗传特性,为今后种质资源保护及遗传育种提供依据。     

Incidence of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Aquacultured Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

ABSTRACT

Quantitative levels of six known pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, Salmonella species, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis) and aerobic plate counts were measured at five aquaculture facilities. The farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and trout fillets were sampled at two different growing seasons to monitor for microbial hazards. Listeria spp. was identified in both whole trout and trout fillets from all five facilities sampled from both growing seasons. Presumptive Clostridium botulinum spores were also identified from all five facilities for both seasons. The growing season did not affect pathogen levels and there was no evidence that any one aquacultural system was superior to the others. Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia spp. were not isolated from any of the trout samples analyzed.     

大连沿海野生鼠尾藻种群生态调查

2009年7月至2010年7月对大连沿海4个采样点潮间带野生鼠尾藻种群的生长发育情况进行了生态学调查.结果显示,鼠尾藻种质资源的生态分布受海域地貌特征、自然环境条件、人为干扰等多方面因素的影响.藻体长度和质量增长受海水表面温度的影响最为显著,与盐度的季节变化无相关性.7-10月各种群生物量和长度达到最高值,5-7月出现...     

头足类分类鉴定的研究进展

头足类作为软体动物门中的重要组成,不仅具有很高的经济价值,而且还是海洋生态系统组成中不可或缺的一部分,加大对头足类的开发利用已成为世界各国的目标之一。头足类种类繁多,通常是抹香鲸等高等动物的重要饵料,因此其分类鉴定显得尤为重要。本文从方法和材料两个方面对头足类的分类鉴定进行了系统的回顾与总结。传统的外部形态学与生态学在头足类的分类鉴定已经相当成熟,耳石是头足类信息的良好载体,可作为种类和种群划分的主要依据;角质颚是头足类的主要摄食器官,具有稳定的形态特征、良好的信息储存以及耐腐蚀等特点,不同种类之间有着显著的差别,是分类鉴定的良好材料。头足类的分类鉴定要在发挥传统分类学优势的同时,加大分子水平上的研究力度,并将二者结合,相互佐证。此外,还应加强对头足类硬组织的研究和基础资料积累,并建立完整的数据库及检索系统,使其在分类鉴定中得到更加有效的应用。     

印度洋西北部海域鸢乌贼种群遗传结构的RAPD分析

根据2004年9～12月和2005年3～5月印度洋西北部公海海域（13°N～20°N、59°E～64°E）鸢乌贼（Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）资源调查中所采集的样本,选取了12个站点48尾鸢乌贼肌肉样本进行随机扩增多态性DNA分析。根据UPGMA聚类分析,样本中存在2个种群,13°N～18°N海域和18°N～20°N海域。分析得知,2种群间遗传分化指数为0.2150,表明不同种群间在遗传背景上存在较大的差异,且种群内的遗传变异水平较高。Shannon多样性指数为0.3676±0.1801。2种群间的遗传距离为0.1338,遗传相似性指数为0.8748。